光纤陀螺中的Shupe误差及八极绕环技术研究
|
摘要
干涉式光纤陀螺是惯性元件家族中最具优势、最有发展前景的角速度传感器之一。国外研制的光纤陀螺已经在各个领域得到应用,但是国内光纤陀螺的研制现状还远远落后于世界先进水平。国内光纤陀螺存在的主要问题是高精度光纤陀螺受温度变化或温度梯度影响,陀螺温漂非常显著,极大地限制了高精度光纤陀螺的工程应用。
本文首先对光纤环引入的各种非互易性误差进行机理研究,光纤环引入的非互易误差包括:光学克尔效应、瑞利背向散射、磁光法拉第效应、偏振噪声、Shupe温度效应等,这些光学效应引起的非互易性都将使光纤环传输的光信息发生变化,引起陀螺噪声。在光纤环产生的所有非互易性误差中,保偏光纤环的Shupe温度效应是产生光纤陀螺零偏随温度或温度梯度变化的关键原因。在详细研究由温度变化引起的Shupe非互易性误差机理的理论基础上,指出使用特殊的环圈绕制方式可以抑制陀螺的温漂问题。
普通光纤环绕制方式包括柱形绕法、单极绕法、两极绕法和四极绕法,通过理论推导,四极对称绕法对抑制Shupe误差最有效。但是由于绕制过程中存在一些非理想因素,并不能完全消除光纤环圈中温度梯度的影响,而且随着光纤长度的增加,这种的残余效应会越来越明显,限制了光纤陀螺精度的进一步提高。鉴于四极对称方式绕制的环圈仍然存在残余的温度误差,必须提出新的绕制方式进一步降低Shupe误差的影响。通过对几种新绕制方法的对比,包括绕制难度和可操作性等,首次采取八极对称方式绕制光纤环圈,在确定并解决绕制工艺难点的前提下,利用现有绕线机成功绕制一支八极绕法环圈。
本文中搭建了光纤环圈温度性能测试系统,通过该系统的测试和陀螺的最终测试结果对八极环圈与四极环圈温度性能进行了对比,进一步验证了八极绕法对抑制Shupe误差的有效应和优越性,为下一步光纤陀螺温度性能的提升打下了重要基础。
The I-FOG is one of the most predominant and promising angle rate sensors in inertial unit’s family. FOG has already been applied in many fields in western countries, but its research level is still gotten behind in China. It is the most difficult problem that the FOG with high precision has a obvious bias drift caused by temperature change or temperature grade, so its application is limited to a great extent.
In this paper, influences caused by all kinds of non-reciprocal errors in fiber coil are researched at first, and it is shown that the PM fiber coil is sensitive to temperature grade is the most important reason why the bias drift is related to the temperature change or temperature grade. On the base of the research about the theory of Shupe non-reciprocal errors caused by temperature change, it shows that the bias drift caused by temperature can be restrained by using special coil winding method.
Common coil winding methods are including column-winding, monopole-winding, dipole-winding and quadrupole-winding. Theoretical analysis shows that the quadrupole-winding method is the most effective one. But there are many nonideal factors in the winding procedure, the influence caused by temperature grade cannot be extinguished totally. And the fiber is longer, more obvious the residual Shupe effect is, so it is limited to improve the precision of FOG further. That is the reason why we must put forward a new fiber coil winding method to reduce the influence caused by residual Shupe effect. By comparing difficulties and operabilities of several winding method, we applied the octupole-winding method to make the fiber coil at the first time and finished a octupole coil successfully with present machine on the precondition of making sure and resolving difficulties of winding craft.
In this paper, we built a testing system of fiber coil temperature performance, and we compared the temperature performance of quadrupole-winding coil to the temperature performance of octupole-winding coil by the testing system and the final testing data of the gyroscope. It is proved that the octupole-winding method is more effective and predominant to reduce the influence caused by residual Shupe effect, and this conclusion is an important base on which we can improve FOG’s temperature performance futher.
本文首先对光纤环引入的各种非互易性误差进行机理研究,光纤环引入的非互易误差包括:光学克尔效应、瑞利背向散射、磁光法拉第效应、偏振噪声、Shupe温度效应等,这些光学效应引起的非互易性都将使光纤环传输的光信息发生变化,引起陀螺噪声。在光纤环产生的所有非互易性误差中,保偏光纤环的Shupe温度效应是产生光纤陀螺零偏随温度或温度梯度变化的关键原因。在详细研究由温度变化引起的Shupe非互易性误差机理的理论基础上,指出使用特殊的环圈绕制方式可以抑制陀螺的温漂问题。
普通光纤环绕制方式包括柱形绕法、单极绕法、两极绕法和四极绕法,通过理论推导,四极对称绕法对抑制Shupe误差最有效。但是由于绕制过程中存在一些非理想因素,并不能完全消除光纤环圈中温度梯度的影响,而且随着光纤长度的增加,这种的残余效应会越来越明显,限制了光纤陀螺精度的进一步提高。鉴于四极对称方式绕制的环圈仍然存在残余的温度误差,必须提出新的绕制方式进一步降低Shupe误差的影响。通过对几种新绕制方法的对比,包括绕制难度和可操作性等,首次采取八极对称方式绕制光纤环圈,在确定并解决绕制工艺难点的前提下,利用现有绕线机成功绕制一支八极绕法环圈。
本文中搭建了光纤环圈温度性能测试系统,通过该系统的测试和陀螺的最终测试结果对八极环圈与四极环圈温度性能进行了对比,进一步验证了八极绕法对抑制Shupe误差的有效应和优越性,为下一步光纤陀螺温度性能的提升打下了重要基础。
The I-FOG is one of the most predominant and promising angle rate sensors in inertial unit’s family. FOG has already been applied in many fields in western countries, but its research level is still gotten behind in China. It is the most difficult problem that the FOG with high precision has a obvious bias drift caused by temperature change or temperature grade, so its application is limited to a great extent.
In this paper, influences caused by all kinds of non-reciprocal errors in fiber coil are researched at first, and it is shown that the PM fiber coil is sensitive to temperature grade is the most important reason why the bias drift is related to the temperature change or temperature grade. On the base of the research about the theory of Shupe non-reciprocal errors caused by temperature change, it shows that the bias drift caused by temperature can be restrained by using special coil winding method.
Common coil winding methods are including column-winding, monopole-winding, dipole-winding and quadrupole-winding. Theoretical analysis shows that the quadrupole-winding method is the most effective one. But there are many nonideal factors in the winding procedure, the influence caused by temperature grade cannot be extinguished totally. And the fiber is longer, more obvious the residual Shupe effect is, so it is limited to improve the precision of FOG further. That is the reason why we must put forward a new fiber coil winding method to reduce the influence caused by residual Shupe effect. By comparing difficulties and operabilities of several winding method, we applied the octupole-winding method to make the fiber coil at the first time and finished a octupole coil successfully with present machine on the precondition of making sure and resolving difficulties of winding craft.
In this paper, we built a testing system of fiber coil temperature performance, and we compared the temperature performance of quadrupole-winding coil to the temperature performance of octupole-winding coil by the testing system and the final testing data of the gyroscope. It is proved that the octupole-winding method is more effective and predominant to reduce the influence caused by residual Shupe effect, and this conclusion is an important base on which we can improve FOG’s temperature performance futher.
引文
[1] H.J.Arditty et.al.Sagnac effect in fiber gyroscope, Optics Letters, 1981, Vol.6:401-403P
[2]谭显裕,军用光纤陀螺的发展、关键技术和应用前景,现代防御技术,1998,26(4),55-61P
[3] G.Pavlath.Challenges in the Development of the IFOG, AAIA Guidance,Navigation,and Contro1 Conference and Exhibit,Austin, Texas,2003:P11~14
[4]张延顺,干涉式光纤陀螺(IFOG)漂移特性的研究:[工学博士论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2002
[5]周海波,刘建业,赖际舟,李荣冰.光纤陀螺仪的发展现状.传感器技术,2005,24(6):1一3页
[6]张桂才,光纤陀螺原理与技术,北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[7]张维叙,光纤陀螺及其应用,北京:国防工业出版社,2008
[8]李永范,纤陀螺热致非互易性分析及光纤环温度分布传感:[硕士学位论文],长春:长春理工大学,2004
[9] S.J.Sanders,L.K.Strandjord, D.Mead. Fiber Optical Technology Trend-A Honeywell Perspective 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS 2002), Portland .USA,2002:5~8
[10]戴旭涵,杨国光,刘承,光纤环中的Shupe效应及其补偿方法研究,光子学报,2001,30(12):1470~1472
[11]朱荣,张炎华,鲍其莲,RBF神经网络用于辨识光纤陀螺温度漂侈,上海交通大学学报,2000,34(2):222~225
[12]毛彩虹,胡慧珠,刘承,杨国光,交叉子光纤环的理论与实验研究,光学学报,Vol.23,No.5,May,2003
[13] Morrow, R.B., Jr., Heckman, D.W.,High precision IFOG insertion into the strategic submarine navigation system,Position Location and Navigation Symposium, IEEE,1998:332-338P
[14] Pavlath, G.A., Fiber optic gyro based inertial navigation systems at Northrop Grumman, Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest, 2002,9-10P
[15] Gai, E. . The century of inertial navigation technology, Aerospace Conference Proceedings. IEEE,2000,11(1):59-60P
[16] HerveC.Lefevre著,张桂才,王巍(译),光纤陀螺仪,国防工业出版社,2002
[17]张桂才等,光纤陀螺的矩阵光学模型及其在误差分析中的应用,光子学报,1996,25(Z1):125~132
[18]张桂才,杨清生,干涉式光纤陀螺的温度特性研究,光电子技术与信息,2001,14(1):17~21
[19]张桂才,王巍,何胜,方波调制干涉式光纤陀螺中的温度相位噪声研究,光子学报,1999.,26(23):93~98
[20] D. Shupe, Thermally induced nonreciprocity in the fiber optic interferometers,Applied Optic Voll9, 1980: P654~655
[21]张勇,刘军,张春等,光纤环绕制的实现技术,光电子技术,2003,23(1):50~52
[22] M.Chomat. Efficient suppression of thermally induced nonreciprocity in fiber-optic sagnac interferometers with novel double-layer winding. Appl.Opl.,1993,32:2289~2291
[23] Mirko lvancevic. Quadrupole-wound fiber optic sensing coil and method of manafacture thereof. U.S.Pat, Num 4,856,900, 1989
[24] John P.Rahn. Low shupe bias fiber optic rotation sensor coil. U.S.Pat, Num 5,848,213,1998
[25]闵春华,光纤陀螺仪温度特性的实验研究:[硕士学位论文」,长春:长春理工大学,2002
[26]Sawyer J,Ruffin PB,Investigation of the effects of temporal thermal gradients in fiber optic gyroscope sensing coils[J],Opt.Eng,1997,36(1):29~34
[27]刘凯译,张桂才校,采用随机绕环方式减小光纤陀螺中的Shupe效应,军用光纤传感技术从刊.第八集,62~63P
[28]王巍,张桂才,杨清生,光纤陀螺仪及其工程化技术研究,导航与控制,2002,1(1):13~17
[29]李艳,徐红杰,张春熹,光纤陀螺光纤环的热致非互易性研究,光学技术,2006,32(5):770~772
[30]孟照魁,张春熹,杨远洪等,光纤环绕制过程中的张力分析,北京航空航天大学学报,2005,31(3):307~310
[31]PAULE. SANDERS, Madison, CT(US),ANDREW S.KUCZMA, Clinton, CT(US),Optical Fiber Coating System And Monitoring Method For ImprovedThermal Performance In Fiber Optic Sensors,United States Patent Application Publication,PubNo.:US 2009/0079989 A1. Pub.Date: Mar.26,2009
[32]赵晋洪,舒晓武,牟旭东,刘承,光纤绕线机张力控制系统的研究.光学仪器,Vol.27,No.2,April,2005
[33]刘凯译,张桂才校,光纤陀螺线圈自动化绕制的初步探索,军用光纤传感技术从刊.第八集,66~69P
[34]李瑞林,用于光纤陀螺的光纤环缠绕工艺研究,导航与仪表,1995,6:36~43
[35]杨远洪,伊小素,孟照魁,光纤陀螺用光纤环的应力分布实验研究,压电与声光第27卷第2期,2005,4:98~101
[36]朱辉,岑松原,王冬云,牟旭乐,舒晓武,光纤环的应力测试分析,光学仪器,Vol.26,No.4,Augest,2004
[2]谭显裕,军用光纤陀螺的发展、关键技术和应用前景,现代防御技术,1998,26(4),55-61P
[3] G.Pavlath.Challenges in the Development of the IFOG, AAIA Guidance,Navigation,and Contro1 Conference and Exhibit,Austin, Texas,2003:P11~14
[4]张延顺,干涉式光纤陀螺(IFOG)漂移特性的研究:[工学博士论文],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2002
[5]周海波,刘建业,赖际舟,李荣冰.光纤陀螺仪的发展现状.传感器技术,2005,24(6):1一3页
[6]张桂才,光纤陀螺原理与技术,北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[7]张维叙,光纤陀螺及其应用,北京:国防工业出版社,2008
[8]李永范,纤陀螺热致非互易性分析及光纤环温度分布传感:[硕士学位论文],长春:长春理工大学,2004
[9] S.J.Sanders,L.K.Strandjord, D.Mead. Fiber Optical Technology Trend-A Honeywell Perspective 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS 2002), Portland .USA,2002:5~8
[10]戴旭涵,杨国光,刘承,光纤环中的Shupe效应及其补偿方法研究,光子学报,2001,30(12):1470~1472
[11]朱荣,张炎华,鲍其莲,RBF神经网络用于辨识光纤陀螺温度漂侈,上海交通大学学报,2000,34(2):222~225
[12]毛彩虹,胡慧珠,刘承,杨国光,交叉子光纤环的理论与实验研究,光学学报,Vol.23,No.5,May,2003
[13] Morrow, R.B., Jr., Heckman, D.W.,High precision IFOG insertion into the strategic submarine navigation system,Position Location and Navigation Symposium, IEEE,1998:332-338P
[14] Pavlath, G.A., Fiber optic gyro based inertial navigation systems at Northrop Grumman, Optical Fiber Sensors Conference Technical Digest, 2002,9-10P
[15] Gai, E. . The century of inertial navigation technology, Aerospace Conference Proceedings. IEEE,2000,11(1):59-60P
[16] HerveC.Lefevre著,张桂才,王巍(译),光纤陀螺仪,国防工业出版社,2002
[17]张桂才等,光纤陀螺的矩阵光学模型及其在误差分析中的应用,光子学报,1996,25(Z1):125~132
[18]张桂才,杨清生,干涉式光纤陀螺的温度特性研究,光电子技术与信息,2001,14(1):17~21
[19]张桂才,王巍,何胜,方波调制干涉式光纤陀螺中的温度相位噪声研究,光子学报,1999.,26(23):93~98
[20] D. Shupe, Thermally induced nonreciprocity in the fiber optic interferometers,Applied Optic Voll9, 1980: P654~655
[21]张勇,刘军,张春等,光纤环绕制的实现技术,光电子技术,2003,23(1):50~52
[22] M.Chomat. Efficient suppression of thermally induced nonreciprocity in fiber-optic sagnac interferometers with novel double-layer winding. Appl.Opl.,1993,32:2289~2291
[23] Mirko lvancevic. Quadrupole-wound fiber optic sensing coil and method of manafacture thereof. U.S.Pat, Num 4,856,900, 1989
[24] John P.Rahn. Low shupe bias fiber optic rotation sensor coil. U.S.Pat, Num 5,848,213,1998
[25]闵春华,光纤陀螺仪温度特性的实验研究:[硕士学位论文」,长春:长春理工大学,2002
[26]Sawyer J,Ruffin PB,Investigation of the effects of temporal thermal gradients in fiber optic gyroscope sensing coils[J],Opt.Eng,1997,36(1):29~34
[27]刘凯译,张桂才校,采用随机绕环方式减小光纤陀螺中的Shupe效应,军用光纤传感技术从刊.第八集,62~63P
[28]王巍,张桂才,杨清生,光纤陀螺仪及其工程化技术研究,导航与控制,2002,1(1):13~17
[29]李艳,徐红杰,张春熹,光纤陀螺光纤环的热致非互易性研究,光学技术,2006,32(5):770~772
[30]孟照魁,张春熹,杨远洪等,光纤环绕制过程中的张力分析,北京航空航天大学学报,2005,31(3):307~310
[31]PAULE. SANDERS, Madison, CT(US),ANDREW S.KUCZMA, Clinton, CT(US),Optical Fiber Coating System And Monitoring Method For ImprovedThermal Performance In Fiber Optic Sensors,United States Patent Application Publication,PubNo.:US 2009/0079989 A1. Pub.Date: Mar.26,2009
[32]赵晋洪,舒晓武,牟旭东,刘承,光纤绕线机张力控制系统的研究.光学仪器,Vol.27,No.2,April,2005
[33]刘凯译,张桂才校,光纤陀螺线圈自动化绕制的初步探索,军用光纤传感技术从刊.第八集,66~69P
[34]李瑞林,用于光纤陀螺的光纤环缠绕工艺研究,导航与仪表,1995,6:36~43
[35]杨远洪,伊小素,孟照魁,光纤陀螺用光纤环的应力分布实验研究,压电与声光第27卷第2期,2005,4:98~101
[36]朱辉,岑松原,王冬云,牟旭乐,舒晓武,光纤环的应力测试分析,光学仪器,Vol.26,No.4,Augest,2004