摘要
静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)是继同步调相机、机械开关投切电容器、静止无功补偿器(SVC)等无功调节手段后,新一代的动态无功补偿设备,具有无功调节速度快、调节范围广、欠压条件下的无功调节能力强、谐波含量较低、占地面积较小、接入系统无谐振等各项优点,可在维持或控制节点电压、提高线路输送能力、阻尼功率振荡、提高系统的静态和暂态稳定性、改善电能质量等方面起到重要作用。其中,在中压领域链式结构的STATCOM发展最为迅速。
目前,国内外对链式STATCOM已经进行了系统的理论研究和工程实践,初步掌握了链式STATCOM的数学建模、参数设计方法和解耦控制算法,并进行了工程应用。但是在链式STATCOM的工程设计和应用中,仍然存在一些关键技术问题,影响了链式STATCOM运行性能的发挥。本文针对链式STATCOM在电网低电压及不对称工况下易脱网、谐波补偿精度低和控制保护系统缺乏有效实验验证三个关键技术问题开展理论分析,提出改进措施并进行实验室验证。
本文针对链式STATCOM运行过程中的有功功率交换进行了理论分析,指出直流电压平衡控制是避免装置脱网的关键技术,提出了基于基波正序电流控制的全局直流电压控制策略和基于基波负序电流控制的换流链相间直流电压平衡控制策略。基于详细的数学模型推导,给出了考虑电网电压负序分量影响的链式STATCOM相间直流电压平衡控制策略。在此基础上提出了双序电流解耦控制的思想及实现方法。
本文分析了双序电流解耦控制中电流控制环的频率特性,提出了基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的谐波电流补偿算法。研究成果应用于10kV/3.5MVA STATCOM工业样机,通过谐波幅值和相位的独立校正消除了控制器延时对谐波补偿造成的影响,解决了控制器带宽较小情况下谐波电流补偿精度低的难题。
本文研究了采用实时数字仿真(RTDS)平台对STATCOM控制保护系统进行闭环测试的方法,建立了控制保护系统实验验证技术及方法。测试结果与离线数字仿真结果相比,控制器的稳态误差和动态性能均更接近工业样机试验结果。
在此基础上,针对目前国内风电场STATCOM运行稳定性差的问题,本文搭建了风电场用直挂链式STATCOM控制保护系统RTDS测试平台,对STATCOM双序控制策略进行仿真实验测试。仿真与试验研究证明该控制策略有效性,能够较好的解决链式STATCOM在电网低电压及负序工况下易脱网的问题,保证了装置稳定、可靠地运行。
Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is a new generation of dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, following the synchronous condenser, a mechanical switch capacitor switching and Static Var Compensator (SVC). It has all the advantages of fast reactive power regulation speed, wide range of adjustment, strong ability to regulate reactive power in undervoltage conditions, low harmonic content, small footprint, access the system without resonance. It can play an important role in terms of maintaining or controlling node voltage, improving the transmission capacity, damping power oscillation, static and transient stability, and improving power quality. In the field of medium voltage, the cascade structure STATCOM development is most rapid.
At present, cascade STATCOM theoretical research and engineering practice have been carried out both at home and abroad, and mathematical modeling, parametric design calculation methods and decoupling control algorithm are mastered. But in cascade STATCOM engineering design and application, there are still a number of key technical issues affecting the cascade STATCOM running performance. In this paper, theoretical analysis and laboratory validation have been carried out in three key technical issues of the cascade STATCOM easy off-grid when the grid undervoltage and containing negative sequence, low harmonic compensation accuracy, and the control and protection system experimental verification technology.
This paper points out that the DC voltage balance control is a key technology to inhibit the cascade STATCOM off-grid. The global DC voltage balance control strategy based on fundamental positive sequence current control and the DC voltage balance control strategy among phases based on fundamental negative sequence current control are proposed considering grid voltage negative sequence component influence in view of detailed mathematical models after analyzing the active power exchange during the cascade STATCOM running process. On this basis, the idea and implementation of double-sequence current decoupling control method are given.
This paper analyzes the frequency characteristics of the current control loop among double-sequence current decoupling control method, then gives harmonic current compensation algorithm based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).This algorithm is applied in10kV/3.5MVA STATCOM industrial prototype, and the problem of low accuracy of the harmonic current compensation is solved by eliminating the affects of the controller delay via harmonic amplitude and phase correction independently.
This paper studies the closed-loop test methods of STATCOM control and protection system using the real-time digital simulation (RTDS) platform. The comparison result between the RTDS test results and the offline digital simulation results shows that the RTDS test results is closer to the industrial prototype test results in terms of the steady-state error and dynamic performance of the controller.
On this basis, this paper builds the RTDS test platform for directly connected cascade STATCOM control and protection system, and carries on the experimental verification of double-sequence current decoupling control method to solve the problem of cascade STATCOM poor run stability using in the wind farm. The experiment result shows that the control strategy can effectively solve the problem of the cascade STATCOM easy off-grid when the grid under voltage and containing negative sequence, and ensure that the device is stable and reliable.
引文
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