ITO纳米粉的低温制备
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
透明导电氧化物薄膜在光电产业扮演着很重要的角色。目前应用广泛的透明导电氧化物薄膜主要有氧化铟锡薄膜(ITO)、氧化锌铝膜(AZO)、掺锑氧化锡(ATO)等。
     铟锡氧化物(ITO)是制造透明电极的重要材料。ITO薄膜导电性好,对可见光透明,对红外反射性强。ITO结构中的氧空位和锡掺杂使得它具有很强的导电性,较大的能带间隙宽度(E_g>3eV)使得它具有很强的光透明性。
     因为ITO薄膜的优良光电性能、很强吸附能力、硬度高、化学性质稳定,使得ITO薄膜广泛地应用于很多领域:太阳能电池、液晶显示器、现代战机和巡航导弹的窗口等。
     在铟锡氧化物(ITO)的研究领域里,有关ITO薄膜的研究进行了几十年。为了满足光电产业界对ITO薄膜的强大需求,ITO粉体的制备生产技术和薄膜的形成取得了很大的成效。目前,工业界主要是先将ITO粉制成靶材,再利用直流磁控溅射工艺,在材料的表面形成ITO薄膜。制备ITO粉体的方法有:液相沉淀法、减压-挥发氧化法、喷雾热分解法、共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法等。
     金属铟和锡都是我国富产的有色金属,但是我国所用的ITO材料仍然来源于进口。因此,我们迫切要求改变原料廉价出口、产品高价进口的局面,以满足高技术领域对ITO薄膜材料的需求,创造巨大的经济效益与社会效益。
     在这篇文章里,我们尝试用改进的水热法来制备ITO纳米粉末。将铟锡氢氧化物置于充满氩气的高压釜,在300℃,2MPa的条件下就可制得ITO的纳米颗粒。该方法与以前的方法相比,反应条件更加的柔和,在300℃就生成了ITO粉末,粒径大小为10-20nm,并且产物粒径的大小与前驱物的大小没有关系,这在工业界具有很重要的应用意义。
Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film plays an important role in pholoelectron industry. There are many kinds of transparent conductive oxide. The main transparent conductive oxide include indium tin oxide (ITO), Al-doped ZnO (AZO), tin antimony oxide (ATO) etc.
    ITO is important material of making the transparent electrode. ITO has both high conductivity and high optical transmittance. The subst-itutional oxygen vacancies and tin contributing to its high conductivity. The high optical transmittance of ITO films is a direct consequence of
    it being a wide band gap (Eg>3eV) .
    Due to its excellent electro-optical properties such as high electrical conductivity, transparency to light, high substrate adherence, good hardness, and chemical inertness the applications in various fields: transparent electrodes for display devices, transparent coatings for solar energy heat mirrors, windows films etc.
    Among all of the investigations on ITO, the research on its thin films has been the most interesting issue for several decades. To satisfy the requirements of the wide applications of ITO thin films, a lot of research efforts have been made on the preparation of ITO films, and various manufacturing techniques such as evaporation, reactive electron evaporation D. C. and R. F. magnetron sputtering reactive thermal deposition and sol-gel process have been successfully developed.
    Our country has much metal of Indium and tin, but the ITO was mainly imported. Therefore, it is critical that we must change the position of importing ITO in high price and exporting material in low price.
    In this work, the ITO nanometer powders were tried to be prepared by the hydrothermal method.
    
    
    Mere, we report a very simple technique for the preparation of ITO nano-particles at a temperature as low as 300 C. The method was improved based on the hydrothermal method. Put the precursor (indium-tin-hydroxide) into a stainless steel autoclave filled of Ar and heat the autoclave at the temperature of 300 C and pressure of 2 MPa for 3 hours. ITO nano-paticles was prepared. The shape, particle size and crystallize condition of ITO nano-paticles were analyzed by XRD and TEM. Compared this method with the past, the circumstance of preparation is much softer. It has the very important meaning in the industry field.
引文
(1) Tahar R B H, Ban T, Ohya Y, et al. J Appl Phys. 1998, 83(5): 2631
    (2) Gordon R G. Mat Res Soc Symp Proc, 1996, 426: 419
    (3) 周之斌,崔容强.超声雾化喷涂工艺及优质二氧化锡透明导电薄膜的研究[J].固体电子学研究与进展,2000,20(2):229~233
    (4) Development of a multi-layer thin film solar control wind shield [J]. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 1996,14 (3): 739
    (5) 范志新.ITO薄膜载流子浓度的理论上限[J].现代显示,2000,5:18~22.
    (6) Watanabe A, Niino H, Yabe A, etal. Low temperature growth of metal oxide thin films by metallorgranic laser photolysis[J]. Applied Surface Sciece, 2002, 186 (1~4) : 173~178
    (7) Stankowski S, Ramsden J J. voltage dependent coupling of light into ITO covered waveguides[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2002, 186(1~4):173~178.
    (8) 陆凡,陈诵英,彭小逸等.低温气敏元件的研制[J].传感技术学报,1996(4):73
    (9) 林海安,吴冲若,邱洁真.MOD-SnO_2酒敏元件研制[J].电子元件与材料,1994(04):24
    (10) 张锦文,武光明,宋世庚.SnO_2薄膜的湿敏效应[J].半导体技术,1999(12):42
    (11) 张曙,罗新,王乔民.应用铟源的反应蒸发制备In_2O_3透明导电膜.无机材料学报,1996(3):88
    (12) Shigesato Yetal. JOM, 1995(3):47
    (13) 马颖,张方辉,牟强.ITO膜透明导电玻璃的特性、制备和应用.陕西科技大学学报,2003(2)Vol.21:106
    (14) 范志新.液晶器件工艺基础[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001,6.
    (15) Masato Sawada, Masatoshi Higuchi. Electrical Properties of ITO Films Prepared by Tin Ion Implantation in In_2O_3 Films[J]. Thin
    
    Solid Films, 1998(317):157~160.
    (16) HAMBERG I, GRANQVIST C G. Evaporated Sn-doped In_2O_3 films: Basic optical properties and applications to energy-efficient windows [J]. J Appl Phy, 1986, 60 (11): 123-159.
    (17) 杨志伟,韩圣浩,杨田林等.柔性衬底ITO膜的性质与制备参数关系的研究[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(3):256-261.
    (18) 陈猛,白雪冬,黄荣芳等.In_2O_3:Sn和ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜的结构及其导电机制[J].半导体学报,2000,21(4):394-399.
    (19) Rakhshani A. E, Makdisi Y, Ramazaniyan H. A. J Appl Phys, 1998,83: 1049
    (20) 史月艳,潘文辉,殷志强.氧化铟锡(ITO)膜的光学及电学性能[J].真空科学与技术,1994,14(1):35-40.
    (21) 陈猛,白雪冬,裴志亮等.In_2O_3:Sn(ITO)薄膜的光学特性研究[J].金属学报,1999,35(9):934-938.
    (22) J Appl Phys.1966,37:299
    (23) 彭国贤.氧化铟锡透明导电膜[J].真空科学与技术,1984,4(5):339-346
    (24) 范志新.液晶器件工艺基础[M].北京邮电出版社,2001,272.
    (25) 马瑾,赵俊卿,李淑英等.有机材料衬底ITO透明导电膜的结构和导电特性研究[J].半导体学报,1998,19(11):841-845.
    (26) HJORTSBERG A, HAMBERG I, GRANQVIST C G. Transparent and heat-reflecting Indium Tin Oxide films prepared by reactive electron beam[J]. Thin Solid Films, 1982,90:323-326.
    (27) FRANK G, KAUER E, KOSTLIN H. Transparent heat-reflecting coatings based on highly doped semiconductors[J]. Thin Solid Films, 1981, 77:107-117.
    (28) Frank G. Kauer E. Kostlin H. Thin Solid films, 1981,77:107
    (29) 林永昌,卢维强.光学薄膜原理,北京:国防工业出版社,1990.
    (30) 唐晋发,顾培夫.薄膜光学与技术,北京:机械工业出版社,1989.
    (31) 郑光文.ITO膜发展的现状及工艺技术分析[J]真空与低温,1998,4
    
    (1):38-39.
    (32) 陈跃.磁控溅射ITO透明导电薄膜的研究[J]福州大学学报(自然科学版),1999,27(4):18220.
    (33) 小川酸化.酸化粉末制造方法[P].日本专利:JP87519,1989203231.
    (34) 于汉芹.ITO超细粉末的研制[J].有色金属,1999,(2):45-48.
    (35) 陈世柱等.用喷雾燃烧法制备ITO纳米级粉术的研究[J].有色金属,2000,52(2):88-90.
    (36) 段学臣等.超细氧化铟-氧化锡(ITO)复合粉末性能的研制与结构[J].稀有金属,1998,22(5):396-398.
    (37) 李晓杰,张越举,王金相等.ITO纳米粉末爆炸压实烧结致密化陶瓷靶材研究.材料科学与工程学报,2004(2),Vol.22,No.1:12-14
    (38) 李玉增,赵谢群.氧化铟锡薄膜材料开发现状与前景[J].稀有金属,1996,20(6):455~458.
    (39) 刘世友.铟锡氧化物薄膜的生产现状与应用[J].材料科学与工程,1999,17(2):98~100
    (40) 王刚,刘宏宇,赵超等.低阻高透过率ITO薄膜的制备与性能[J].液晶与显示,1999,14(1):23~27.
    (41) T. Karasawa, Y. Miyata. Electrical and Optical Properties of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited on Unheated Substrates by D. C. Reactive Sputtering[J]. Thin Solid Films, 1993, (223):135~139.
    (42) A. Salehi. The Effects of Deposition Rate and Substrate Temperature of ITO Thin Films on Electrical and Optical Properties[J],Thin Solid Films, 1998, (334):30~34.
    (43) I. Biai, M. Quintela, L. Mendes, etal. Performances Exhibited by Large Area ITO Layers Produced by R.F. Magnetron Sputtering[J] Thin Solid Films, 1999, (337):171~175.
    (44) TOSHIRO Maruyama. Thin Solid Films, 1991,203:297
    (45) TOSHIRO Maruyama. J Appl Phys, 1991,202:77
    
    
    (46) Asikainen T etal., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1995,142(2):3548
    (47) Suntola T etal., Mater. Sci. Rep.,1989,4:261
    (48) 韩雪,夏慧,吴丽君.透明导电膜及靶材[J].电子元件与材料,1998,2:31~35.
    (49) 黄传真,艾兴,侯志刚等.溶胶-凝胶法的研究和应用现状[J].材料导报,1997,11(3):8~13.
    (50) 王廷富,潘庆谊,程知萱.In_2O_3薄膜及纳米颗粒制备进展[J].材料导报,2001,15(8):45~47.
    (51) 李言荣,恽正中主编.电子材料导论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001
    (52) 田民波编.电子显示[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001
    (53) 姜夔昌,胡勇.ITO透明导电玻璃的应用及工业化生产[J].真空,1995,12:1~8.
    (54) 徐美君.ITO透明导电膜玻璃生产及应用[J].玻璃与搪瓷,2001,29(2):53~59.
    (55) 常天海,黄光周,于继荣.汽车前挡风玻璃用ITO薄膜的隔热及节能实验研究.真空,2002(6)No.3
    (56) Birringer R. Herr U. Gleiter H, Trans. Jan. Inst. Metal. Suppl, 27:43(1986)
    (57) 张立德,牟季美著.纳米材料科学[M],辽宁科学出版社,1994,7
    (58) 黄晖等.水热沉淀法制备TiO_2纳米粉体的研究.硅酸盐通报,2000.4.8~11
    (59) Laudise R.A. In:Dryburgh P M ed. Advanced Crystal Growth. New York, London, Sydeny, Tokyo: Prentice Hall, 1987. 267
    (60) Somiya S. In: Somiya S. ed. Advanced Ceramica 3, New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co.,1990,207
    (61) 邱关明.新型陶瓷.兵器工业部,1993.3:30~32
    (62) 陈代荣等.无机材料学报.1995.11(3):228~231
    (63) Laudise R.A. In: Hartman P. ed. Crystal Growth: An Introduction, (North Holland Serises in Crystal Growth, Vol. 1, Proceding of
    
    ISSC 1, 1971) Amsterdam, London, New York, Tokyo: North Holland, 1973. 162.
    (64) Laudise R.A, Kolb E D. Endeavor, 1969,28(105):114.
    (65) Laudise R.A. In: Cotton F A. ed1 Progress Inorg. Chem..Vol. Ⅲ. Intersciences, 1962.1.
    (66) 仲维卓,刘光照,施尔畏.在热液条件下晶体的生长基元与晶体形成机理[J].中国科学(B辑),1994(4),Vol.24,No.4
    (67) 仲维卓.人工晶体,第二版,北京:科学出版社,1994.515
    (68) Ballman A A, Laudise R.A. In: The Art and Science of Growing Crystals. New York, London, Sydeny: John Wileg & Sons. Inc, 1963
    (69) Dawson W J. Hydrothermal synthesis of advanced ceramic powders Am Ceram Soc Bull,1988, 67(10):1673
    (70) 施尔畏,栾怀顺,仇海波等.水热制备超细ZrO_2粉体的物理、化学条件,人工晶体学报,1993,22(1):79
    (71) 施尔畏,夏长泰,仲维卓等.硅酸盐学报,1996,24(1)
    (72) Radu R P, Cristian B, Tudor S, etal. Synthesis of nanometric zirconia powders by hydrothermal reactions of Zr peroxide precursors [J] Int. J. Mat. and Product Tech., 2000,15. Nos 3/4/5:252
    (73) Piticescu R R, Monty C, Taloi D, etal. Hydrothermal synthesis of zirconia nanomaterials[J]. J. the Euro. Ceram. Soc.,2001,2:2057
    (74) 赵燕喜,中南民族大学毕业论文,2003
    (75) 段学臣,陈振华.超细In_2O_3粉末的研制[J],粉末冶金技术,1999,Vol.17 No.1:52-54
    (76) 村上武,冈田均,金尺吉十郎.公开特许公报(A),平6-80422,1994
    (77) Nimai Chand Pramanik, Sukhen Das, Prasanta Kumar Biswas. The effect of Sn(Ⅳ) on transformation of co-precipitated hydrated In(Ⅲ) and Sn(Ⅳ) hydroxides to indium tin oxide(ITO) powder. Materials letters. 2002,56:671-679
    
    
    (78) 张永红,陈明飞.热处理对制备纳米氧化铟锡(ITO)粉末的影响.金属热处理,2003 Vol.28 No.2:18-20

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700