压力环境下MIG焊接电弧温度光谱诊断研究
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摘要
在压力环境下进行气体保护焊接时,其焊接特性与常压下会有较大的区别。高压环境下MIG(熔化极气体保护焊)焊接行为研究对于高压干式MIG焊接具有重要的指导意义。本课题在对等离子体电弧光谱诊断法研究的基础上,设计了实验台架及光谱诊断系统。实验采用便携式光谱仪,通过光纤探头采集电弧弧光光谱信息,通过穿舱线缆将光谱数据传送到舱外电脑,实现对电弧光谱信息的采集。论文主要研究工作如下：
对采集到的MIG电弧光谱进行分析,经过大量计算,筛选出三条合适的特征谱线用来对本实验电弧温度进行计算研究,另外选择了两条谱线作为参考特征谱线对电弧温度值进行了计算。
对电弧不同位置处的温度进行计算分析,主要是对电弧轴向位置和径向位置温度进行了研究,得出了电弧温度在电弧空间内的分布规律。
对不同压力环境下电弧温度的变化规律进行了研究,对比常压条件下的电弧温度,表明MIG电弧温度随压力升高的变化趋势。
进行了焊接电流实验,对比常压条件和加压条件下的电弧温度,得出MIG电弧温度在不同焊接电流条件下的变化规律。
实验过程中通过求平均值方法,最大程度减小了焊接不稳定性给光谱法计算电弧温度带来的误差。压力环境和电流对于MIG电弧温度的影响规律对于实际的焊接过程具有指导意义。
The gas protection welding characteristics is quite different between atmospheric pressure and under pressure environment.The research about GMAW Hyperbaric welding is of important guiding significance for underwater GMAW Hyperbaric welding.Based on the principle of plasma arc spectrum diagnosis, test platform and MIG welding spectrum diagnosis System are designed for GMAW Hyperbaric welding experiment. The Portable Spectrometer is used in this experiment,which collects informention throuth Fiber probe.The information is transmited out of the high pressure vessels by electric cable which pass through the high pressure vessels. The main work and conclusions are as follows:
The paper has analyzed the MIG spectrum information. After much calculation, three characteristic lines were selected. two other lines which had larger deviations also were chosen as reference spectrum.
The paper has analyzed different arc position temperature, mainly for axial position and radial position,and got the arc temperature distribution within the arc space.
Variation of arc temperature under different pressure was studied. Comparied of arc temperature under normal pressure, MIG arc temperature increased with the pressure.
The paper has carried out the current experiment. Comparied the temperature under atmospheric conditions and under pressure conditions,and got the variation of the arc temperature under different current.
During the experiment, the method of average value was used for reducing error caused by welding instability. The influence law of pressure and current on the arc temperature has guidance for the actual welding process.
对采集到的MIG电弧光谱进行分析,经过大量计算,筛选出三条合适的特征谱线用来对本实验电弧温度进行计算研究,另外选择了两条谱线作为参考特征谱线对电弧温度值进行了计算。
对电弧不同位置处的温度进行计算分析,主要是对电弧轴向位置和径向位置温度进行了研究,得出了电弧温度在电弧空间内的分布规律。
对不同压力环境下电弧温度的变化规律进行了研究,对比常压条件下的电弧温度,表明MIG电弧温度随压力升高的变化趋势。
进行了焊接电流实验,对比常压条件和加压条件下的电弧温度,得出MIG电弧温度在不同焊接电流条件下的变化规律。
实验过程中通过求平均值方法,最大程度减小了焊接不稳定性给光谱法计算电弧温度带来的误差。压力环境和电流对于MIG电弧温度的影响规律对于实际的焊接过程具有指导意义。
The gas protection welding characteristics is quite different between atmospheric pressure and under pressure environment.The research about GMAW Hyperbaric welding is of important guiding significance for underwater GMAW Hyperbaric welding.Based on the principle of plasma arc spectrum diagnosis, test platform and MIG welding spectrum diagnosis System are designed for GMAW Hyperbaric welding experiment. The Portable Spectrometer is used in this experiment,which collects informention throuth Fiber probe.The information is transmited out of the high pressure vessels by electric cable which pass through the high pressure vessels. The main work and conclusions are as follows:
The paper has analyzed the MIG spectrum information. After much calculation, three characteristic lines were selected. two other lines which had larger deviations also were chosen as reference spectrum.
The paper has analyzed different arc position temperature, mainly for axial position and radial position,and got the arc temperature distribution within the arc space.
Variation of arc temperature under different pressure was studied. Comparied of arc temperature under normal pressure, MIG arc temperature increased with the pressure.
The paper has carried out the current experiment. Comparied the temperature under atmospheric conditions and under pressure conditions,and got the variation of the arc temperature under different current.
During the experiment, the method of average value was used for reducing error caused by welding instability. The influence law of pressure and current on the arc temperature has guidance for the actual welding process.
引文
[1]赵华夏.干式高压TIG焊接电弧物理特性的研究[D].北京化工大学,2007.
[2]李健.管道TIG焊电弧温度场光谱分析[D].中国石油大学,2006.
[3]Arc physics and weld pool Behavior, inter. confe. preprints, London,1979:7-9
[4]熊腊森.焊接工程基础[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[5]清华大学力学系热物理专业.电弧等离子技术基础.清华大学出版社,1976.
[6]F.Burhorm,Z.Phy; 155,42(1959)
[7]M.Yos,Avco Report RAD-TM-63-7(1963)
[8]H.Maecker,ARL 72-0070(1972)
[9]杨春利,林三宝.电弧焊基础[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.
[10]赵琪.高温测量技术[J].物理,1982(5)：307-317.
[11]王伟.焊接温度场测试技术的探讨[J].物理测试,1998(6)：25-29.
[12]宋海鹰,彭小奇,周海叶等.基于图像处理的非接触式高温测量方法的进展.能源技术,2003,24(6)：255-259.
[13]潘际銮.现代弧焊控制[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2000.
[14]张宝生,焦向东,吕涛等.高温测量技术及其在焊接研究中的应用进展[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2006,14(2)：47-51.
[15]Xiao Xudong. Temperature measurements in steady two-dimensional partially premixed flames using laser inter-ferometric holography [J]. Combustion and Flame,2000,120 (3):318-332.
[16]刘东红.用于温度场研究的光折变全息干涉计量术[J].光电工程,2001,28(2)：32-35.
[17]是度芳.火焰温度场的全息干涉测量和变换处理[J].华中理工大学学报,1993,21(增刊)：40-43.
[18]刘德新.用剪切干涉高速摄影法测量内燃机缸内温度场的实验研究[J].内燃机学报,2002,20(4)：318-324.
[19]麦贤.用剪切干涉法作3-D温度场重建[J].华南理工大学学报,1994,22(2)：51-57.
[20]Van Der Wege. Quantitative shearography in axisym-metric gas temperature measurements[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering,1999,31(1):21-39.
[21]Seitzman J M, Harson R K. Application of quantitative two line OH planar laser induce fluorescence for temporally re-solved planar thermometry in reacting flows [J]. Appl Opt, 1994,33(18):4000-4012.
[22]Rothe E W, Andresen P. Application of tunable excimer to combustion diagnostics:A review[J]. Appl Opt,1997,36(18):3971-4033.
[23]关小伟.激光诱导预分离荧光法窄带及宽带测温实验研究[J].光学学报,2001,21(3)：348-351.
[24]Magre P. Temperature measurement by CARS and in-trusive probe in an air-hydrogen supersonic combustion[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer,2001,44(21):4095-4105.
[25]李麦亮.CARS在发动机燃烧场温度和压力测量中的应用研究[J].宇航学报,2001,22(5)：56-61.
[26]耿辉.相干反斯托克斯喇曼光谱单脉冲测量火焰温度[J].上海航天,2001(4)：1 9-25.
[27]Li Junyue, Song Yonglun. Measurement of hydrogen in a welding arc[J]. Welding research Abroad,1989,35(6,7):2-6, and Welding intemational,1988, (12):1122-1126.
[28]李俊岳,宋永伦,李恒等.焊接电弧光谱信息的基本理论和基本方法[J].焊接学报,2002,23(6)：5-8.
[29]Griem, H.R. Plasma spectroscopy[M]. New York. Mc Graw-Hill.1964.
[30]Wilsom, R. Qwant. Spectry, Radiative Transfer 2,477(1962).
[31]Grant, I,R. Mon.Not.Roy.Asoron.Soc,118,241(1958)
[32]宋永伦,焊接电弧等离子体的光谱诊断法及其应用的研究[D].天津大学：1990.
[33]过增元,赵文华.电弧和热等离子体[M].北京：科学技术出版社,1986.
[34]Lancaster J F. The Physics of welding [M]. International institute of welding, Pergamon press, 1986.
[35]J E Shea. Spectroscopic Measurement of Hydrogen Contamination in Welding. Welding international,1988(12):1122-1126.
[36]D R Blackmon, F W Kearney. A real time approach to quality control in welding. Welding Journal,1983(8):3739.
[37]杨运强.弧焊区光谱特征及其在弧焊视觉传感法上的应用[D].天津大学,1990.
[38]Song Yonglun, Yang Yunqiang, Li Junyue. Some physical properties of aluminum welding arc[C], collection of papers of Sino-Japanese conference on light mater welding,1990, june 5-9, Tianjin, China,210-216.
[39]宋永伦,李俊岳.弧焊区图像信息的光谱传感技术[J].焊接学报,1992,13(2)：127-132.
[40]Song Yonglun, Li Junyue. Spectral image method for joint tracking in arc welding[J]. China Welding,1993(2):150-154.
[41]吴仁育,王国栋,李晓奇.机器人电弧焊图像视觉跟踪系统[C].1993年第七届全国焊接学术会议论文集(第六册),283-287.
[42]苏跃珍.熔化极气体保护焊电弧的光谱诊断[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,1988.
[43]柳刚,李俊岳,李桓等.以电弧光谱信号传感MIG/MAG焊熔滴过渡的工艺适用性[J].机械工程学报,2000,36(10)：50-53.
[44]李俊岳,杨立军,胡胜钢等.脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡光谱信息的研究[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(7)：76-83.
[45]胡胜钢.脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡光谱控制法的研究[D].天津大学,1999.
[46]柳刚,李俊岳,杨立军等.熔化极气体保护焊电弧光谱信号脉冲特征的本质[J].焊接学报,2000,21(1)：34-36.
[47]李志勇,顾小燕,李桓等.电弧光谱信息在焊接质量检测上的应用研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析.2009,29(3)：711-715.
[48]Suits C.G. Temperature of High Arcs. J.Appl.phys,10,728(1939).
[49]Finkelnburg W, Maecker H. Elektrischebogen and thermische plasma, Hamdbuch der physic Bd 22 Springer,1956.
[50]Holm,R, Lotz,A. Messungen der Gesamts trahlung der saule eines wechsels trombogens in luft,wiss,weroff.siem.werk.,13,II,87,(1934)
[51]King,L.A. The positive column in High-and low Current Arcs, Nature,174,1(1954); Appl.SciRes. B5 189(1955).
[52]杨乾坤,水下焊接电弧温度的光谱诊断研究[D],华南理工大学,1996.
[53]项志遴,俞昌旋编著.高温等离子体诊断技术[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社.1982.
[54]金佑民.低温等离子体物理基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1983.
[55]王春艳,磁控等离子体弧温度场的研究[D].大连理工大学,2009.
[56]顾小燕,李志勇.不同焊接参数下GMAW电弧光谱信号的研究[J].金属铸锻焊技.2008,37(21)：104-113.
[2]李健.管道TIG焊电弧温度场光谱分析[D].中国石油大学,2006.
[3]Arc physics and weld pool Behavior, inter. confe. preprints, London,1979:7-9
[4]熊腊森.焊接工程基础[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[5]清华大学力学系热物理专业.电弧等离子技术基础.清华大学出版社,1976.
[6]F.Burhorm,Z.Phy; 155,42(1959)
[7]M.Yos,Avco Report RAD-TM-63-7(1963)
[8]H.Maecker,ARL 72-0070(1972)
[9]杨春利,林三宝.电弧焊基础[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.
[10]赵琪.高温测量技术[J].物理,1982(5)：307-317.
[11]王伟.焊接温度场测试技术的探讨[J].物理测试,1998(6)：25-29.
[12]宋海鹰,彭小奇,周海叶等.基于图像处理的非接触式高温测量方法的进展.能源技术,2003,24(6)：255-259.
[13]潘际銮.现代弧焊控制[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2000.
[14]张宝生,焦向东,吕涛等.高温测量技术及其在焊接研究中的应用进展[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2006,14(2)：47-51.
[15]Xiao Xudong. Temperature measurements in steady two-dimensional partially premixed flames using laser inter-ferometric holography [J]. Combustion and Flame,2000,120 (3):318-332.
[16]刘东红.用于温度场研究的光折变全息干涉计量术[J].光电工程,2001,28(2)：32-35.
[17]是度芳.火焰温度场的全息干涉测量和变换处理[J].华中理工大学学报,1993,21(增刊)：40-43.
[18]刘德新.用剪切干涉高速摄影法测量内燃机缸内温度场的实验研究[J].内燃机学报,2002,20(4)：318-324.
[19]麦贤.用剪切干涉法作3-D温度场重建[J].华南理工大学学报,1994,22(2)：51-57.
[20]Van Der Wege. Quantitative shearography in axisym-metric gas temperature measurements[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering,1999,31(1):21-39.
[21]Seitzman J M, Harson R K. Application of quantitative two line OH planar laser induce fluorescence for temporally re-solved planar thermometry in reacting flows [J]. Appl Opt, 1994,33(18):4000-4012.
[22]Rothe E W, Andresen P. Application of tunable excimer to combustion diagnostics:A review[J]. Appl Opt,1997,36(18):3971-4033.
[23]关小伟.激光诱导预分离荧光法窄带及宽带测温实验研究[J].光学学报,2001,21(3)：348-351.
[24]Magre P. Temperature measurement by CARS and in-trusive probe in an air-hydrogen supersonic combustion[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer,2001,44(21):4095-4105.
[25]李麦亮.CARS在发动机燃烧场温度和压力测量中的应用研究[J].宇航学报,2001,22(5)：56-61.
[26]耿辉.相干反斯托克斯喇曼光谱单脉冲测量火焰温度[J].上海航天,2001(4)：1 9-25.
[27]Li Junyue, Song Yonglun. Measurement of hydrogen in a welding arc[J]. Welding research Abroad,1989,35(6,7):2-6, and Welding intemational,1988, (12):1122-1126.
[28]李俊岳,宋永伦,李恒等.焊接电弧光谱信息的基本理论和基本方法[J].焊接学报,2002,23(6)：5-8.
[29]Griem, H.R. Plasma spectroscopy[M]. New York. Mc Graw-Hill.1964.
[30]Wilsom, R. Qwant. Spectry, Radiative Transfer 2,477(1962).
[31]Grant, I,R. Mon.Not.Roy.Asoron.Soc,118,241(1958)
[32]宋永伦,焊接电弧等离子体的光谱诊断法及其应用的研究[D].天津大学：1990.
[33]过增元,赵文华.电弧和热等离子体[M].北京：科学技术出版社,1986.
[34]Lancaster J F. The Physics of welding [M]. International institute of welding, Pergamon press, 1986.
[35]J E Shea. Spectroscopic Measurement of Hydrogen Contamination in Welding. Welding international,1988(12):1122-1126.
[36]D R Blackmon, F W Kearney. A real time approach to quality control in welding. Welding Journal,1983(8):3739.
[37]杨运强.弧焊区光谱特征及其在弧焊视觉传感法上的应用[D].天津大学,1990.
[38]Song Yonglun, Yang Yunqiang, Li Junyue. Some physical properties of aluminum welding arc[C], collection of papers of Sino-Japanese conference on light mater welding,1990, june 5-9, Tianjin, China,210-216.
[39]宋永伦,李俊岳.弧焊区图像信息的光谱传感技术[J].焊接学报,1992,13(2)：127-132.
[40]Song Yonglun, Li Junyue. Spectral image method for joint tracking in arc welding[J]. China Welding,1993(2):150-154.
[41]吴仁育,王国栋,李晓奇.机器人电弧焊图像视觉跟踪系统[C].1993年第七届全国焊接学术会议论文集(第六册),283-287.
[42]苏跃珍.熔化极气体保护焊电弧的光谱诊断[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,1988.
[43]柳刚,李俊岳,李桓等.以电弧光谱信号传感MIG/MAG焊熔滴过渡的工艺适用性[J].机械工程学报,2000,36(10)：50-53.
[44]李俊岳,杨立军,胡胜钢等.脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡光谱信息的研究[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(7)：76-83.
[45]胡胜钢.脉冲MIG焊熔滴过渡光谱控制法的研究[D].天津大学,1999.
[46]柳刚,李俊岳,杨立军等.熔化极气体保护焊电弧光谱信号脉冲特征的本质[J].焊接学报,2000,21(1)：34-36.
[47]李志勇,顾小燕,李桓等.电弧光谱信息在焊接质量检测上的应用研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析.2009,29(3)：711-715.
[48]Suits C.G. Temperature of High Arcs. J.Appl.phys,10,728(1939).
[49]Finkelnburg W, Maecker H. Elektrischebogen and thermische plasma, Hamdbuch der physic Bd 22 Springer,1956.
[50]Holm,R, Lotz,A. Messungen der Gesamts trahlung der saule eines wechsels trombogens in luft,wiss,weroff.siem.werk.,13,II,87,(1934)
[51]King,L.A. The positive column in High-and low Current Arcs, Nature,174,1(1954); Appl.SciRes. B5 189(1955).
[52]杨乾坤,水下焊接电弧温度的光谱诊断研究[D],华南理工大学,1996.
[53]项志遴,俞昌旋编著.高温等离子体诊断技术[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社.1982.
[54]金佑民.低温等离子体物理基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1983.
[55]王春艳,磁控等离子体弧温度场的研究[D].大连理工大学,2009.
[56]顾小燕,李志勇.不同焊接参数下GMAW电弧光谱信号的研究[J].金属铸锻焊技.2008,37(21)：104-113.