管花肉苁蓉产量形成和物质分配的调控研究
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摘要
管花肉苁蓉人工栽培面临的主要问题是产量水平低下,相关栽培措施不够完善,严重影响了管花肉苁蓉及相关产品的生产和推广。本研究以柽柳和管花肉苁蓉为试验材料,研究了柽柳的物质生产和分配规律,进一步探讨了柽柳-管花肉苁蓉的源库关系和非结构性碳水化合物的生产和分配规律,通过相应的栽培措施合理调控柽柳和管花肉苁蓉间的物质分配,为管花肉苁蓉的高产和规范化栽培提供了理论依据。主要结论如下：
1.1年龄柽柳单株干重为141.6g,茎的分配比例逐渐降低,叶和根的分配比例逐渐升高。根的非结构性碳水化合物含量、累积量和分配比例均显著提高,表明秋季柽柳中的非结构性碳水化合物更多的向根中运输和分配。
2.1-4年龄柽柳单株干物质生产量大幅增加,4年龄的柽柳总干重达到2297.7g。随着树龄的增加,柽柳根的生物量和分配比例明显提高,其非结构性碳水化合物含量、累积量和分配比例增加,表明随着柽柳树龄的增加,柽柳中的物质更多地向根中运输和分配。
3.寄生管花肉苁蓉的1年龄柽柳单株干重低于未寄生管花肉苁蓉的柽柳,11月1日取样的柽柳-管花肉苁蓉干重为127.3g,管花肉苁蓉干重的分配比例逐渐升高。管花肉苁蓉中的非结构性碳水化合物含量、累积量和分配比例大幅上升,表明管花肉苁蓉寄生后,打破了柽柳原有的物质分配格局,使更多的非结构性碳水化合物在管花肉苁蓉中累积。
4.管花肉苁蓉寄生不同树龄的柽柳,5年龄的柽柳-管花肉苁蓉的总的干重达到了4186.6g。管花肉苁蓉的生物量和非结构性碳水化合物累积量大幅提高。表明柽柳树龄的增加即源强增强,有利于管花肉苁蓉产量的提高。
5.管花肉苁蓉寄生量增加,柽柳株高、冠幅降低,基茎粗升高；柽柳-管花肉苁蓉干重显著增加。管花肉苁蓉的非结构性碳水化合物含量降低,但其非结构性碳水化合物分配明显提高。表明管花肉苁蓉寄生量的增加即库容增强,管花肉苁蓉获得非结构性碳水化合物的能力增强,能够使更多的碳水化合物向管花肉苁蓉中运输和分配。
6.氮肥通过调节柽柳的物质合成能力和管花肉苁蓉库的强度来调控管花肉苁蓉产量和品质。适量施用氮肥提高了柽柳叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,即提高了源端的物质合成能力；增加了同化物向管花肉苁蓉的供应,提高了管花肉苁蓉的干重,与糖代谢相关酶活性增强,管花肉苁蓉库强提高,导致更多的非结构性碳水化合物向管花肉苁蓉中运输使其维持较高的的非结构性碳水化合物含量,从而提高了管花肉苁蓉中的有效成分含量。
7.多效唑通过调节柽柳物质合成能力,优化源库比来调控管花肉苁蓉产量和品质。适宜浓度的多效唑提高了柽柳叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,抑制了柽柳的生长,使更多的同化物向管花肉苁蓉中运输,提高了管花肉苁蓉的产量,提高了管花肉苁蓉中非结构性碳水化合物的含量,从而提高了管花肉苁蓉的有效成分含量。
8.适度打顶显著提高了管花肉苁蓉的生物量和分配比例,提高了管花肉苁蓉的碳水化合物含量和单株累积量,从而提高了管花肉苁蓉的有效成分含量。
The main problems facing the artificial cultivation of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight are the low level of production and inadequate cultivation measures, which seriously affect the producting and marketing of C.tubulosa and the associated products. In this study, using Tamarix L and C.tubulosa as materials, we discussed the law of growth and development of Tamarix L, source-sink relationship and the law of production and allocation of non-structural carbohydrates of Tamarix L and C.tubulosa, and regulated substances allocation betweent Tamarix L and C.tubulosa through appropriate cultivation measures, all of which provided a theoretical basis for the high-yielding and standardized cultivation of C.tubulosa. The main conclusions are as follows:
1.1Age Tamarix plant had a dry weight of141.6g, the allocation ratio of which gradually decreased for stems, while increased for leaves and roots. The content, accumulation and allocation ratio of non-structural carbohydrate significantly improved in roots of Tamarix, which indicated that more non-structural carbohydrates were transported and allocated to the roots of the autumn Tamarix.
2. Dry matter of Tamarix plant significantly increased from age1to age4, which reached as high as2297.7g by age4. With increasing age, the content, accumulation and allocation ratio of non-structural carbohydrate significantly improved in the roots of Tamarix, which indicated that more dry matter were transported and allocated to the roots as the age increased.
3. Dry weight of Tamarix parasited by C.tubulosa wasless than the Tamarix not parasiticd by C.tubulosa, reaching127.3g on November1st, the allocation of which gradually increased in C.tubulosa. The content, accumulation and allocation ratio of non-structural carbohydrate significantly improved in C.tubulosa, which indicated that the original allocation pattern of Tamarix had been broken after parasited by C.tubulosa, resulting in more non-structural carbohydrates transported and allocated to the C.tubulosa.
4. C.tubulosa parasitized Tamarix of different ages, the total dry weight of Tamarix and C. tubulosa reached the highest of4186.6g when the host Tamarix was of age5. Non-structural carbohydrate content of C.tubulosa decreased, while the accumulation increased significantly, which indicated that increased age of Tamarix namely increased source, to help improve the production of C.tubulosa.
5. With increasing amount of parasites C.tubulosa, plant height and crown diameter of Tamarix reduced, while stem diameter increased, and dry weight of Tamarix-C.tubulosa increased significantly. Non-structural carbohydrate content of C.tubulosa decreased, while the allocation ratio improved significantly. It indicated that increased amount of parasites C.tubulosa namely stronger sink, which enhanced the ability of C.tubulosa to get non-structural carbohydrates, leading more carbohydrates transported and allocated to C.tubulosa.
6. Nitrogen can regulate the yield and quality of C.tubulosa by regulating the substance synthesis ability of Tamarix and the strength of the sink C.tubulosa. Appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of Tamarix, which improved the ability of substance synthesis, increased the assimilates supply for C.tubulosa and improved the dry weight of C.tubulosa; Enhanced activity of enzyme related to glucose metabolism in C.tubulosa resulted in more non-structural carbohydrates transported to C.tubulosa, thereby increased the content of active ingredient in C.tubulosa.
7. Paclobutrazol can improve the yield and quality of C.tubulosa by increasing the substance synthesis activity of Tamarix and regulating the substance allocation between Tamarix and C.tubulosa. Appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol improved the chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate of Tamarix and inhibited the growth of Tamarix, so that more assimilates were transported to C.tubulosa, to increase the dry weight and the content of non-structural carbohydrate in C.tubulosa, thereby increased the content of active ingredient in C.tubulosa.
8. Moderate topping significantly increased the allocation ratio of dry weight for C.tubulosa, and also the contents and accumulation of carbohydrates in C.tubulosa plant, thereby increased the content of active ingredient in C.tubulosa.
1.1年龄柽柳单株干重为141.6g,茎的分配比例逐渐降低,叶和根的分配比例逐渐升高。根的非结构性碳水化合物含量、累积量和分配比例均显著提高,表明秋季柽柳中的非结构性碳水化合物更多的向根中运输和分配。
2.1-4年龄柽柳单株干物质生产量大幅增加,4年龄的柽柳总干重达到2297.7g。随着树龄的增加,柽柳根的生物量和分配比例明显提高,其非结构性碳水化合物含量、累积量和分配比例增加,表明随着柽柳树龄的增加,柽柳中的物质更多地向根中运输和分配。
3.寄生管花肉苁蓉的1年龄柽柳单株干重低于未寄生管花肉苁蓉的柽柳,11月1日取样的柽柳-管花肉苁蓉干重为127.3g,管花肉苁蓉干重的分配比例逐渐升高。管花肉苁蓉中的非结构性碳水化合物含量、累积量和分配比例大幅上升,表明管花肉苁蓉寄生后,打破了柽柳原有的物质分配格局,使更多的非结构性碳水化合物在管花肉苁蓉中累积。
4.管花肉苁蓉寄生不同树龄的柽柳,5年龄的柽柳-管花肉苁蓉的总的干重达到了4186.6g。管花肉苁蓉的生物量和非结构性碳水化合物累积量大幅提高。表明柽柳树龄的增加即源强增强,有利于管花肉苁蓉产量的提高。
5.管花肉苁蓉寄生量增加,柽柳株高、冠幅降低,基茎粗升高；柽柳-管花肉苁蓉干重显著增加。管花肉苁蓉的非结构性碳水化合物含量降低,但其非结构性碳水化合物分配明显提高。表明管花肉苁蓉寄生量的增加即库容增强,管花肉苁蓉获得非结构性碳水化合物的能力增强,能够使更多的碳水化合物向管花肉苁蓉中运输和分配。
6.氮肥通过调节柽柳的物质合成能力和管花肉苁蓉库的强度来调控管花肉苁蓉产量和品质。适量施用氮肥提高了柽柳叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,即提高了源端的物质合成能力；增加了同化物向管花肉苁蓉的供应,提高了管花肉苁蓉的干重,与糖代谢相关酶活性增强,管花肉苁蓉库强提高,导致更多的非结构性碳水化合物向管花肉苁蓉中运输使其维持较高的的非结构性碳水化合物含量,从而提高了管花肉苁蓉中的有效成分含量。
7.多效唑通过调节柽柳物质合成能力,优化源库比来调控管花肉苁蓉产量和品质。适宜浓度的多效唑提高了柽柳叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,抑制了柽柳的生长,使更多的同化物向管花肉苁蓉中运输,提高了管花肉苁蓉的产量,提高了管花肉苁蓉中非结构性碳水化合物的含量,从而提高了管花肉苁蓉的有效成分含量。
8.适度打顶显著提高了管花肉苁蓉的生物量和分配比例,提高了管花肉苁蓉的碳水化合物含量和单株累积量,从而提高了管花肉苁蓉的有效成分含量。
The main problems facing the artificial cultivation of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight are the low level of production and inadequate cultivation measures, which seriously affect the producting and marketing of C.tubulosa and the associated products. In this study, using Tamarix L and C.tubulosa as materials, we discussed the law of growth and development of Tamarix L, source-sink relationship and the law of production and allocation of non-structural carbohydrates of Tamarix L and C.tubulosa, and regulated substances allocation betweent Tamarix L and C.tubulosa through appropriate cultivation measures, all of which provided a theoretical basis for the high-yielding and standardized cultivation of C.tubulosa. The main conclusions are as follows:
1.1Age Tamarix plant had a dry weight of141.6g, the allocation ratio of which gradually decreased for stems, while increased for leaves and roots. The content, accumulation and allocation ratio of non-structural carbohydrate significantly improved in roots of Tamarix, which indicated that more non-structural carbohydrates were transported and allocated to the roots of the autumn Tamarix.
2. Dry matter of Tamarix plant significantly increased from age1to age4, which reached as high as2297.7g by age4. With increasing age, the content, accumulation and allocation ratio of non-structural carbohydrate significantly improved in the roots of Tamarix, which indicated that more dry matter were transported and allocated to the roots as the age increased.
3. Dry weight of Tamarix parasited by C.tubulosa wasless than the Tamarix not parasiticd by C.tubulosa, reaching127.3g on November1st, the allocation of which gradually increased in C.tubulosa. The content, accumulation and allocation ratio of non-structural carbohydrate significantly improved in C.tubulosa, which indicated that the original allocation pattern of Tamarix had been broken after parasited by C.tubulosa, resulting in more non-structural carbohydrates transported and allocated to the C.tubulosa.
4. C.tubulosa parasitized Tamarix of different ages, the total dry weight of Tamarix and C. tubulosa reached the highest of4186.6g when the host Tamarix was of age5. Non-structural carbohydrate content of C.tubulosa decreased, while the accumulation increased significantly, which indicated that increased age of Tamarix namely increased source, to help improve the production of C.tubulosa.
5. With increasing amount of parasites C.tubulosa, plant height and crown diameter of Tamarix reduced, while stem diameter increased, and dry weight of Tamarix-C.tubulosa increased significantly. Non-structural carbohydrate content of C.tubulosa decreased, while the allocation ratio improved significantly. It indicated that increased amount of parasites C.tubulosa namely stronger sink, which enhanced the ability of C.tubulosa to get non-structural carbohydrates, leading more carbohydrates transported and allocated to C.tubulosa.
6. Nitrogen can regulate the yield and quality of C.tubulosa by regulating the substance synthesis ability of Tamarix and the strength of the sink C.tubulosa. Appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of Tamarix, which improved the ability of substance synthesis, increased the assimilates supply for C.tubulosa and improved the dry weight of C.tubulosa; Enhanced activity of enzyme related to glucose metabolism in C.tubulosa resulted in more non-structural carbohydrates transported to C.tubulosa, thereby increased the content of active ingredient in C.tubulosa.
7. Paclobutrazol can improve the yield and quality of C.tubulosa by increasing the substance synthesis activity of Tamarix and regulating the substance allocation between Tamarix and C.tubulosa. Appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol improved the chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate of Tamarix and inhibited the growth of Tamarix, so that more assimilates were transported to C.tubulosa, to increase the dry weight and the content of non-structural carbohydrate in C.tubulosa, thereby increased the content of active ingredient in C.tubulosa.
8. Moderate topping significantly increased the allocation ratio of dry weight for C.tubulosa, and also the contents and accumulation of carbohydrates in C.tubulosa plant, thereby increased the content of active ingredient in C.tubulosa.
引文
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