Nafion薄膜/金属 复合材料的制备及其电致动性能研究
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摘要
离子聚合物金属复合材料(Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites,IPMC)是一种新型的智能材料,在电场驱动下,能产生摆动、弯曲等类似肌肉的响应,在致动器、传感器和人工肌肉等方面有广阔的应用前景。传统IPMC材料由离子聚合物薄膜和金属铂(Pt)电极复合而成,生产成本高且致动性能较不稳定,导致材料很难投入实际应用。本文依据上述情况,探索低成本IPMC材料的制备工艺并对金属电极进行优化改性,提高材料的使用性能和寿命。
采用金属银(Ag)作电极材料,并用银镜反应还原Ag离子,形成IPMC的表面电极,合成了Ag-IPMC;针对该方法制备的电极层缺陷,在还原反应中添加分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP);并利用磁控溅射技术在Ag-IPMC表面溅射纳米金(Au)颗粒,分别得到PVP-Ag-IPMC和新型的双金属电极Au-Ag-IPMC材料。
利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜等仪器分析以上不同制备工艺下IPMC材料的表面电极结构;采用四探针法和拉伸实验等手段表征IPMC的物理性能;并研究IPMC人工肌肉材料在驱动电场下的末端形变量、输出力和致动寿命等特性,探索膜内阳离子、材料含水能力、电极厚度和电场等因素对材料电致动性能的影响。为进一步开发IPMC智能材料提供理论依据和现实可能。
The ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs), which have potential applications such as actuators, sensors, and artificial muscles, are synthesized by using Pt particles deposited on ion-exchange membrane. The limitation of the expensive raw material and uncertainty of properties make it difficult to utilize practically.
In this paper, IPMC samples were prepared for the purpose of searching new methods of synthesizing the IPMCs with low price and high performance. Ag-IPMC was manufactured by electroless plating silver grains on both sides of Nafion? film. Disperse agent (PVP) was subsequently involved during the reduction reaction to prevent the particles from agglomeration. In addition, an innovative bimetallic electrode IPMC was fabricated by using magnetron sputtering Au nanoparticles on the surface of Ag-IPMC.
Furthermore, SEM, EDS, AFM and XRD were utilized to reveal the morphology and structure of IPMC electrodes. Four probes method and tensile test were used to investigate the electrical and mechanical properties of different species of IPMCs.The deformation, blocking force and operating life of the IPMCs stimulated were also measured under both DC and AC potential. The influential factors, such as the thickness of IPMC electrode, the ability of keeping wet in air, the cation in membrane and the electric field, were investigated.
The results which have been obtained in this paper make an approach to turning the use of IPMCs into reality.
采用金属银(Ag)作电极材料,并用银镜反应还原Ag离子,形成IPMC的表面电极,合成了Ag-IPMC;针对该方法制备的电极层缺陷,在还原反应中添加分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP);并利用磁控溅射技术在Ag-IPMC表面溅射纳米金(Au)颗粒,分别得到PVP-Ag-IPMC和新型的双金属电极Au-Ag-IPMC材料。
利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜等仪器分析以上不同制备工艺下IPMC材料的表面电极结构;采用四探针法和拉伸实验等手段表征IPMC的物理性能;并研究IPMC人工肌肉材料在驱动电场下的末端形变量、输出力和致动寿命等特性,探索膜内阳离子、材料含水能力、电极厚度和电场等因素对材料电致动性能的影响。为进一步开发IPMC智能材料提供理论依据和现实可能。
The ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs), which have potential applications such as actuators, sensors, and artificial muscles, are synthesized by using Pt particles deposited on ion-exchange membrane. The limitation of the expensive raw material and uncertainty of properties make it difficult to utilize practically.
In this paper, IPMC samples were prepared for the purpose of searching new methods of synthesizing the IPMCs with low price and high performance. Ag-IPMC was manufactured by electroless plating silver grains on both sides of Nafion? film. Disperse agent (PVP) was subsequently involved during the reduction reaction to prevent the particles from agglomeration. In addition, an innovative bimetallic electrode IPMC was fabricated by using magnetron sputtering Au nanoparticles on the surface of Ag-IPMC.
Furthermore, SEM, EDS, AFM and XRD were utilized to reveal the morphology and structure of IPMC electrodes. Four probes method and tensile test were used to investigate the electrical and mechanical properties of different species of IPMCs.The deformation, blocking force and operating life of the IPMCs stimulated were also measured under both DC and AC potential. The influential factors, such as the thickness of IPMC electrode, the ability of keeping wet in air, the cation in membrane and the electric field, were investigated.
The results which have been obtained in this paper make an approach to turning the use of IPMCs into reality.
引文
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[10] Mitsuhiro, M. Deformation of ionic polymer gels by electric fields. Macromolecules, 1992, 25(20):5504-5511.
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[2] Yoseph, B.-C. EAP as artificial muscles: progress and challenges. Smart Structures and Materials, 2004, 5385:10-16.
[3] Mohsen Shahinpoor, Kwang J Kim. Ionic polymer-metal composites: I. Fundamentals. Smart Materials and Structures, 2001, 10(4):819-833.
[4]李新贵,黄美容,导电聚合物人工肌肉,材料科学与工程学报,2004,22(1):128-131.
[5] Baughman, RH. Conducting polymer artificial muscles. Synthetic Metals, 1996, 78(3):339-353.
[6] Li Jean, K. I. M. Highly conductive solid polymer electrolytes prepared by blending high molecular weight ply(ethylene oxide), poly(2-or 4-vinylpyridine), and lithium perchlorate. Macromolecules, 1993, 26(17):4544-4550.
[7] Otero T.F., S. J. M. Bilayer dimensions and movement in artificial muscles. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 1997, 42(2):117-122.
[8] Baughman RH. Carbon nanotube actuators. Science, 1999, 284(5418):1340-1344.
[9] Madden, J. D. W. Fast carbon nanotube charging and actuation. Advanced Materials, 2006, 18(7):870-873.
[10] Mitsuhiro, M. Deformation of ionic polymer gels by electric fields. Macromolecules, 1992, 25(20):5504-5511.
[11] Shahinpoor Mohsen, J. M., Kassicieh Suleiman K. Robotics and manufacturing education and research. The New Mexico initiatives. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 1992, 9(1):15-25.
[12] Shahinpoor, M. Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) as biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles - a review. Smart Materials and Structures, 1998, 7(6):15-30.
[13] Shahinpoor, Mohsen. Ionic polymer-conductor composites as biomimetic sensors, robotic actuators and artificial muscles - A review. Electrochimica Acta, 2003, 48(14):2343-2353.
[14]汤伊黎,人工肌肉(IPMC)的制备及测试研究:[硕士学位论文],南京;南京航天航空大学,2007.
[15]李丰富,离子聚合物金属复合材料的制备及其电形变性能研究:[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨;哈尔滨理工大学,2007
[16]李磊,离子聚合物金属复合材料的制备及其结构与电性能研究:[硕士学位论文],哈尔滨;哈尔滨理工大学,2008
[17] Bunker Christopher E, M. B., Simmons Kenya J. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic probing of microstructures and properties of perfluorinated polyelectrolyte membranes. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1998, 459(1):15-28.
[18]杨辉,朱晓兵,不同厚度PTFE增强复合膜的SPE水电解性能,电源技术,2007,31(1):53-56.
[19]许振良,全氟磺酸离子膜的结构与应用研究进展,2005,25(6):69-74.
[20]那桂兰,Nafion全氟离子交换膜与Aciplex-F离子交换膜的比较,氯碱工业,2000, (6):16-17.
[21] Phillips Alan K., M. R. B. Ionic actuators based on novel sulfonated ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer membranes. Polymer, 2005, 46(18):7788-7802.
[22] Sang Jin Park, B. K. K., Han Mo Jeong. Morphological, thermal and rheological properties of the blends polypropylene/nylon-6, polypropylene/nylon-6/(maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene) and (maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene)/nylon-6. European Polymer Journal, 1990, 26(2):131-136.
[23] Jeong Han Mo, J. A. Y., Choi Mi Yeon. Preparation and characterization of electroactive anion-exchange acrylic polymer-gold composites. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics, 2006, 45(5):789-799.
[24]彭瀚,杨淋,离子聚合物-金属复合物发展综述,微特机电,2008,2:57-61.
[25]安逸,熊克,离子聚合物金属复合材料的力电耦合模型,材料研究学报,2009,23(4):387-394.
[26]樊建平,龚亚琪,离子交换膜金属复合材料的特性及应用,材料导报,2007,21(5):73-75.
[27]江新民,IPMC人工肌肉制备、改性及建模:[硕士学位论文],南京;南京航天航空大学,2008.
[28]杨南煌,聚苯乙烯基电驱动高分子材料的制备与表征:[硕士学位论文],广州;暨南大学,2006.
[29] Sadeghipour K., S. R., Neogi S. Development of a novel electrochemically active membrane and 'smart' material based vibration sensor/damper. Smart Materials and Structures, 1992, 1(2):172.
[30] Yingfeng Shan, Kam K. Leang. Frequency-weighted feedforward control for dynamic compensation in ionic polymer-metal composite actuators. Smart Materials and Structures, 2009, 18(12):45-56.
[31] Zheng Chen, Yantao Shen, Ning Xi. Integrated sensing for ionic polymer-metal composite actuators using PVDF thin films. Smart Materials and Structures, 2007, 16(2):262-271.
[32] Robert C Richardson, Martin C Levesley, Michael D Brown. Control of ionic polymer metal composites. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2003, 8(2):245-253.
[33] Punning A, Kruusmaa M, Aabloo A. Surface resistance experiments with IPMC sensors and actuators. Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 2007, 133(1):200-209.
[34] Bonomo Claudia, F. L., Giannone Pietro. A method to characterize the deformation of an IPMC sensing membrane. Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 2005, 123(2005):146-154.
[35] Sia, N. N. Progress of experimental characterization and micromechanistic modeling of actuation of ionic polymer metal composites. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2002, 4695(2002):32-41.
[36]李博,朱子才,一种离子聚合物金属复合材料的性能研究,传感器世界,2008:14-18.
[37] Matt Bennett, Donald Leo. Morphological and electromechanical characterization of ionic liquid / nafion polymer composites. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2005, 5759:506-518.
[38] Jang-Woo Lee, Young-Tai Yoo. Anion effects in imidazolium ionic liquids on the performance of IPMCs. Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 2009, 137(2):539-546.
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