虚拟仪器实验室设计与实现
摘要
虚拟仪器实验室是虚拟仪器技术、软件编程技术、数据库技术、网络技术相结合的产物。借助于数据采集卡，将实验数据采集到计算机内，利用虚拟仪器进行分析和测量，把结果通过网络传送到服务器端的数据库中，从而完成整个实验的操作及报告文档的处理。教师从网上批改学生的实验报告，形成网络化教学。使用虚拟仪器实验室可以节约实验仪器设备成本投入，提高各种仪器性能，完善实验手段，方便学生及教师的使用。
论文从硬件结构和软件组成两个方面介绍了虚拟电子学实验室的设计和实现。硬件结构部分，分析了数据采集卡的性能指标。软件是整个设计的关键。整个软件由虚拟仪器、数据库、应用程序三部分组成。
首先，本文介绍了虚拟仪器的基本原理，对其与传统仪器的区别进行了比较。概述了虚拟仪器开发平台LabVIEW的特点。详细的分析了基于LabVIEW的虚拟数字存储示波器、虚拟频谱分析仪和虚拟函数发生器的设计和实现的原理及算法，并且对于各虚拟仪器进行了性能测试，给出了性能指标。
接着，分析了SQL Server数据库的特点，给出了数据库开发过程，针对各种类型的数据结构，对表的构造进行了深入的探讨。为了使程序具有很好的适应性和可移植性，采用ODBC建立应用程序与SQL Server数据之间的连接。
然后，介绍了应用程序的开发。应用程序由C++Builder开发，文中详细的阐述了各主要模块的实现方法。
最后，进行了系统调试，并列举了在虚拟仪器实验室系统里完成的一个具体实验，验证了虚拟仪器实验室的实用性和优越性。
The virtual instrument laboratory is the outcome of the technologies combining, including virtual instrument, software programming, database and network technologies. In virtue of data acquisition board, the experiment data are put into the computer, analyzed and measured by the virtual instrument. The results are transmitted into the database of server through the network. The teacher can remark the reports of the students on line. By this way, the network education system is formed. The advantages of virtual instrument laboratory lie in cutting the cost of the device, improving the performance of the instrument, perfecting the means of experiment, easing the use.
In this paper the design and realization of the virtual instrument laboratory is introduced from hardware structure and software composing. The performance characteristics of the data acquisition board are enumerated. The software is the key of the whole design. The software is composed of virtual instrument, database and application program.
First of all, the basic principle of virtual instrument is introduced. The difference between virtual instrument and traditional instrument is given. The character of LabVIEW is summarized. The principles and arithmetic for designing and realizing the virtual digital stored oscilloscope, virtual frequency analyzer and virtual function generator, which are based on LabVIEW, are discussed in detail. The performance of the virtual instruments is tested, and the specification is given. Second, the characteristic of the SQL Server database is analyzed. The procedure of the database design is given. Aimed at all kinds of data structure, the structure of the tables is discussed. In order to have good adaptability, the ODBC(Open DataBase Connectivity) is used to create the relationship between the SQL Server database and application program. Third, the design of application program is presented. It is programmed by C++ Builder 5. The realization of main modules is explained. Finally, the whole system is debugged. An experiment fulfilled by the virtual electronic laboratory is mentioned. It validates the practicability and superiority of the virtual instrument laboratory.
论文从硬件结构和软件组成两个方面介绍了虚拟电子学实验室的设计和实现。硬件结构部分，分析了数据采集卡的性能指标。软件是整个设计的关键。整个软件由虚拟仪器、数据库、应用程序三部分组成。
首先，本文介绍了虚拟仪器的基本原理，对其与传统仪器的区别进行了比较。概述了虚拟仪器开发平台LabVIEW的特点。详细的分析了基于LabVIEW的虚拟数字存储示波器、虚拟频谱分析仪和虚拟函数发生器的设计和实现的原理及算法，并且对于各虚拟仪器进行了性能测试，给出了性能指标。
接着，分析了SQL Server数据库的特点，给出了数据库开发过程，针对各种类型的数据结构，对表的构造进行了深入的探讨。为了使程序具有很好的适应性和可移植性，采用ODBC建立应用程序与SQL Server数据之间的连接。
然后，介绍了应用程序的开发。应用程序由C++Builder开发，文中详细的阐述了各主要模块的实现方法。
最后，进行了系统调试，并列举了在虚拟仪器实验室系统里完成的一个具体实验，验证了虚拟仪器实验室的实用性和优越性。
The virtual instrument laboratory is the outcome of the technologies combining, including virtual instrument, software programming, database and network technologies. In virtue of data acquisition board, the experiment data are put into the computer, analyzed and measured by the virtual instrument. The results are transmitted into the database of server through the network. The teacher can remark the reports of the students on line. By this way, the network education system is formed. The advantages of virtual instrument laboratory lie in cutting the cost of the device, improving the performance of the instrument, perfecting the means of experiment, easing the use.
In this paper the design and realization of the virtual instrument laboratory is introduced from hardware structure and software composing. The performance characteristics of the data acquisition board are enumerated. The software is the key of the whole design. The software is composed of virtual instrument, database and application program.
First of all, the basic principle of virtual instrument is introduced. The difference between virtual instrument and traditional instrument is given. The character of LabVIEW is summarized. The principles and arithmetic for designing and realizing the virtual digital stored oscilloscope, virtual frequency analyzer and virtual function generator, which are based on LabVIEW, are discussed in detail. The performance of the virtual instruments is tested, and the specification is given. Second, the characteristic of the SQL Server database is analyzed. The procedure of the database design is given. Aimed at all kinds of data structure, the structure of the tables is discussed. In order to have good adaptability, the ODBC(Open DataBase Connectivity) is used to create the relationship between the SQL Server database and application program. Third, the design of application program is presented. It is programmed by C++ Builder 5. The realization of main modules is explained. Finally, the whole system is debugged. An experiment fulfilled by the virtual electronic laboratory is mentioned. It validates the practicability and superiority of the virtual instrument laboratory.
引文
[1]张静，江晓玲．基于WWW的网上虚拟电工电子实验室的建设．电气电子教学学报，2001，(10)：70-71
[2]黄向红，曾昭．实验室改革与实验室探讨．实验室研究与探索．2000，(6)：70
[3]陆正兴．虚拟实验室．物理实验．2000，(9)：41
[4]刘嫒，吴鸿修．现代电子技术网络实验系统初探．电气电子教学学报．2001，(10)：72
[5]顾郁莲，蔡宣平，颜飞翔．虚拟仪表的可视化技术．电子技术应用，200，(6)：29-31．
[6]National Instruments Corporation.LabVIEW user's manual.1998,1-8.
[7]贾功贤，刘成康．基于PC的虚拟仪器的发展趋势．电子测试，1999，(12)：4-6．
[8]王红茹．虚拟仪器-仪器发展的新时代．国外电子测量技术．1998，(1)：48．
[9]王成贵．频谱分析仪历史、性能、应用和选购．电子测试．1998，(5)：29-30．
[10]Jozsef G.Nemeth,Balazs Vargha,Istvan kollar.Online Frequency Domain System Indentificatin Based on a Virtual Instrument.Instrumentation and measurement.2000,49(6):1260-1263.
[11]连海洲，赵英俊．计算机化仪器技术发展与展望．测控技术．2001．10
[12]Witte,R.A.著，何小平译，电子测量仪器—原理与应用．清华大学出版社，1995
[13]杨乐平，吕英军．虚拟数字示波器的设计与实现．电子技术应用．2000,7
[14]李亚碌，郝应光，唐祯安．基于Internet的远程虚拟实验室系统的开发．微型电脑应用．2001，8
[15]舒炎泰，薛飞．Internet上的虚拟实验室．电子科技导报．1998，2
[16]Marcin A.Setgawsi Rolf Schaumanm.A New Virtual Instrumentation—Based Experimenting Environment for Undergraduate Laboratories with Application in Research and Manufacturing.IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement.1998,47(6)
[17]吴京．信号与系统分析．国防科技大学出版社．1999
[18]王世一．数字信号处理．北京理工大学出版社．1997
[19]倪养华，王重玮．数字信号处理—原理与实现．上海交通大学出版社．1998
[20]赵尔沅，周利清，张延平．数字信号处理实用教程．人民邮电出版社．2000
[21]王承，何志伟．虚拟仪器—现代仪器发展的新阶段．测控技术．2001．10
[22]孙焕根．电子测量与智能仪器．浙江大学出版社．1992
[23]张锡纯．电子示波器及其应用．机械工业出版社．1997
[24]National Instruments Corporation.G Programming Reference Manual.1998
[25]Hector,Garcia,Molina等著．杨冬青等译．数据库系统实现．机械工业出版社．2001
[26]Micorsoft Press著，前导工作室译．SQL Server 7资源指南．机械工业出版社．2000
[27]王鹏，董群编著．数据库技术及其应用．人民邮电出版社．2001
[28]贾焰．分布式数据库技术．国防工业出版社．2000
[29]Sharon Bjeletich,Greg Mabel著，熊桂喜，蔡铁岭译．SQL Server7.0开发指南．清华大学出版社．2000
[30]Steve Adrien,Deluca著，蒋蕊译．Microsoft SQL Server7性能优化．机械工业出版社．2000
[31]郑沫．SQL Server 7.0开发实例精解．北京希望电子出版社．2000
[32]梁志刚．C++Builder 5开发人员指南．机械工业出版社．2000
[33]Kayshav Dattatri．潇湘工作室译．C++面向对象高效编程．人民邮电出版社．2000
[34]徐新华．C++Builder 5高级编程技术—Database与MIDMS编程．人民邮电出版社．2000
[35]张晓东，李敬．C++Builder5程序设计—数据库应用实务篇．中国铁道出版社．2001
[36]张万里，陈战林．C++Builder5.0高级开发技巧与范例．电子出版社．2001
[37]National Instruments Corp.Function and VI Reference Manual.1998
[38]Changting Wang,Robert X.Gao.A Virtual Instrumentation System for Integrated Bearing Condition Monitoring.IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement.2000,49(2)
[39]H.Spoelder,A.Ullings,and F.Groen,Virtual instrumentation:Asurvay and standards and their interrelation.IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology.1997,3
[40]E.McConnell.Future of virtual instrumentation.Sensors.1997,7
[41]乐德广，郭东辉．虚拟仪器结构及其可视化编程的技术进展．计算机自动测量与控制．2001，9：2
[42]Denis Consonni,Antonio Carlos Seabra.A modern approach to teaching basic experimental electricity and electronics.IEEE transactions on education.2001,2,Vol 44,no.1.
[43]任庆，范懋本．电子测量原理．电子科技大学出版社．1992．
[44]陈大钦．电子技术基础实验．高等教育出版社．1994．
[45]高品贤．测试信号分析处理方法与程序．西南交通大学出版社．1999．
[46]谭艳霞．单片机多功能测试仪的设计与研究．西南交通大学硕士论文．1999：22-23
[47]王水鱼，李德昌．国外示波器的发展现状与趋势．国外电子测量技术．1999,(1)：3-4
[48]杨小雪．电子技术实验教程．成都科技大学出版社．1996．
[49]文生，李锦林．取样技术原理与应用．科学出版社．1981．
[50]LJ.Stankovic,I.Djurovic,J.F.B(?)hme.Time-frequency distributions with complex argument,IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,in print,2001.
[51]M.Gustafsson,and T.Stepinski.Studies of Split Spectrum Processing,Optimal Detection and Maximum Likelihood Amplitude Estimation using a Simple Clutter Model.Ultrasonic,vol.35,January 1997,pp.31-52.
[52]朱正茂，澎湃．Borland C++Builder 5实用编程技术．中国水利水电出版社．2001
[2]黄向红，曾昭．实验室改革与实验室探讨．实验室研究与探索．2000，(6)：70
[3]陆正兴．虚拟实验室．物理实验．2000，(9)：41
[4]刘嫒，吴鸿修．现代电子技术网络实验系统初探．电气电子教学学报．2001，(10)：72
[5]顾郁莲，蔡宣平，颜飞翔．虚拟仪表的可视化技术．电子技术应用，200，(6)：29-31．
[6]National Instruments Corporation.LabVIEW user's manual.1998,1-8.
[7]贾功贤，刘成康．基于PC的虚拟仪器的发展趋势．电子测试，1999，(12)：4-6．
[8]王红茹．虚拟仪器-仪器发展的新时代．国外电子测量技术．1998，(1)：48．
[9]王成贵．频谱分析仪历史、性能、应用和选购．电子测试．1998，(5)：29-30．
[10]Jozsef G.Nemeth,Balazs Vargha,Istvan kollar.Online Frequency Domain System Indentificatin Based on a Virtual Instrument.Instrumentation and measurement.2000,49(6):1260-1263.
[11]连海洲，赵英俊．计算机化仪器技术发展与展望．测控技术．2001．10
[12]Witte,R.A.著，何小平译，电子测量仪器—原理与应用．清华大学出版社，1995
[13]杨乐平，吕英军．虚拟数字示波器的设计与实现．电子技术应用．2000,7
[14]李亚碌，郝应光，唐祯安．基于Internet的远程虚拟实验室系统的开发．微型电脑应用．2001，8
[15]舒炎泰，薛飞．Internet上的虚拟实验室．电子科技导报．1998，2
[16]Marcin A.Setgawsi Rolf Schaumanm.A New Virtual Instrumentation—Based Experimenting Environment for Undergraduate Laboratories with Application in Research and Manufacturing.IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement.1998,47(6)
[17]吴京．信号与系统分析．国防科技大学出版社．1999
[18]王世一．数字信号处理．北京理工大学出版社．1997
[19]倪养华，王重玮．数字信号处理—原理与实现．上海交通大学出版社．1998
[20]赵尔沅，周利清，张延平．数字信号处理实用教程．人民邮电出版社．2000
[21]王承，何志伟．虚拟仪器—现代仪器发展的新阶段．测控技术．2001．10
[22]孙焕根．电子测量与智能仪器．浙江大学出版社．1992
[23]张锡纯．电子示波器及其应用．机械工业出版社．1997
[24]National Instruments Corporation.G Programming Reference Manual.1998
[25]Hector,Garcia,Molina等著．杨冬青等译．数据库系统实现．机械工业出版社．2001
[26]Micorsoft Press著，前导工作室译．SQL Server 7资源指南．机械工业出版社．2000
[27]王鹏，董群编著．数据库技术及其应用．人民邮电出版社．2001
[28]贾焰．分布式数据库技术．国防工业出版社．2000
[29]Sharon Bjeletich,Greg Mabel著，熊桂喜，蔡铁岭译．SQL Server7.0开发指南．清华大学出版社．2000
[30]Steve Adrien,Deluca著，蒋蕊译．Microsoft SQL Server7性能优化．机械工业出版社．2000
[31]郑沫．SQL Server 7.0开发实例精解．北京希望电子出版社．2000
[32]梁志刚．C++Builder 5开发人员指南．机械工业出版社．2000
[33]Kayshav Dattatri．潇湘工作室译．C++面向对象高效编程．人民邮电出版社．2000
[34]徐新华．C++Builder 5高级编程技术—Database与MIDMS编程．人民邮电出版社．2000
[35]张晓东，李敬．C++Builder5程序设计—数据库应用实务篇．中国铁道出版社．2001
[36]张万里，陈战林．C++Builder5.0高级开发技巧与范例．电子出版社．2001
[37]National Instruments Corp.Function and VI Reference Manual.1998
[38]Changting Wang,Robert X.Gao.A Virtual Instrumentation System for Integrated Bearing Condition Monitoring.IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement.2000,49(2)
[39]H.Spoelder,A.Ullings,and F.Groen,Virtual instrumentation:Asurvay and standards and their interrelation.IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology.1997,3
[40]E.McConnell.Future of virtual instrumentation.Sensors.1997,7
[41]乐德广，郭东辉．虚拟仪器结构及其可视化编程的技术进展．计算机自动测量与控制．2001，9：2
[42]Denis Consonni,Antonio Carlos Seabra.A modern approach to teaching basic experimental electricity and electronics.IEEE transactions on education.2001,2,Vol 44,no.1.
[43]任庆，范懋本．电子测量原理．电子科技大学出版社．1992．
[44]陈大钦．电子技术基础实验．高等教育出版社．1994．
[45]高品贤．测试信号分析处理方法与程序．西南交通大学出版社．1999．
[46]谭艳霞．单片机多功能测试仪的设计与研究．西南交通大学硕士论文．1999：22-23
[47]王水鱼，李德昌．国外示波器的发展现状与趋势．国外电子测量技术．1999,(1)：3-4
[48]杨小雪．电子技术实验教程．成都科技大学出版社．1996．
[49]文生，李锦林．取样技术原理与应用．科学出版社．1981．
[50]LJ.Stankovic,I.Djurovic,J.F.B(?)hme.Time-frequency distributions with complex argument,IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,in print,2001.
[51]M.Gustafsson,and T.Stepinski.Studies of Split Spectrum Processing,Optimal Detection and Maximum Likelihood Amplitude Estimation using a Simple Clutter Model.Ultrasonic,vol.35,January 1997,pp.31-52.
[52]朱正茂，澎湃．Borland C++Builder 5实用编程技术．中国水利水电出版社．2001