佩带式脑电波遥测系统
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摘要
人脑的结构与功能是世界上四大自然之迷之一。近年来，利用脑电图技术研究、开发人脑功能在国外蓬勃兴起，小型脑电图仪不断推陈出新，而这在国内还鲜为人知。本课题研究的目的是开发一种小型的电池供电2通道脑电波遥测记录系统，它能够从人的头皮引出自发脑电信号，经过放大和滤波后转换成数字信号流，再以短距离无线数据通信的方式传输给电脑作记录、分析和显示；或者作为EEG数据记录器单独使用，此时数据被实时地存储在自身的固态存储器内，供离线时被电脑读取。由于采用了仪表放大器、可重构单片系统、闪存等新的集成器件，系统可做成人体佩带式仪器。目前已完成1通道实验室样机，并进行了初步测试，硬件前端性能指标达到国外普及机型水平。在此基础上可以进一步开发具有如下用途的仪器：生理或心理学研究、神经电生理信号演示教学实验、脑电反馈治疗仪、气功及脑电波训练、用意念控制电脑的人机界面、临床监护、虚拟现实等。本文详述了该系统的组成、工作原理及软硬件设计。
In recent years, Electroencephalograph (EEG) technology becomes increasingly widely used, and old brainwave machines were continuously weeded out to bring for new ones while unfortunately it is far from known in our homeland. For this reason, I decided to start a project on EEG signal acquiring. The aim of this project was to develop a wearable battery-powered 2-channel brainwave telemetry recording system, which is able to detect EEG signal produced by human brain by attaching electrodes to scalp, convert the analog signal to digital data stream after amplifying and filtering, and over radio frequency transmit it to a home PC for recording, analyzing and monitoring. It can also be used as a standalone EEG recorder, whose data is stored in Flash Memory in real time and read out off line by a home PC. By using new generation chips such as instrumentation amplifier, CSoC, flash memory, monolithic RF transceiver the system may be implemented in a wearable device. Now a prototype EEG telemetry system has successfully been made, and passed fundamental test. The result suggests that its main performance specifications are comparable to that of popular ones oversea. Based on this front end, further development could lead to useful instruments in the following area: physiology or psychology researching, EEG biofeedback, teaching demonstration, clinical monitoring, virtual reality, brain computer interface etc. This thesis describes the system's design and implementation in detail.
In recent years, Electroencephalograph (EEG) technology becomes increasingly widely used, and old brainwave machines were continuously weeded out to bring for new ones while unfortunately it is far from known in our homeland. For this reason, I decided to start a project on EEG signal acquiring. The aim of this project was to develop a wearable battery-powered 2-channel brainwave telemetry recording system, which is able to detect EEG signal produced by human brain by attaching electrodes to scalp, convert the analog signal to digital data stream after amplifying and filtering, and over radio frequency transmit it to a home PC for recording, analyzing and monitoring. It can also be used as a standalone EEG recorder, whose data is stored in Flash Memory in real time and read out off line by a home PC. By using new generation chips such as instrumentation amplifier, CSoC, flash memory, monolithic RF transceiver the system may be implemented in a wearable device. Now a prototype EEG telemetry system has successfully been made, and passed fundamental test. The result suggests that its main performance specifications are comparable to that of popular ones oversea. Based on this front end, further development could lead to useful instruments in the following area: physiology or psychology researching, EEG biofeedback, teaching demonstration, clinical monitoring, virtual reality, brain computer interface etc. This thesis describes the system's design and implementation in detail.
引文
[1]、陈瑞林．脑电仪器的抗干扰技术．暨南大学学报(自然科学版)，1999．6
[2]、杜秀艳．滤波器特性的测量．国外电子测量技，1999．1
[3]、常鸿森．半导体存储式盒型脑电信号采集器．电子技术应用，1998．9
[4]、陈兴时，张明岛．面向21世纪的精神电生理学研究．临床精神医学杂，1997年第7卷第5期。
[5]、郭力平．治疗失眠的几种仪器介绍．中国中医基础医学杂志 1997年第3卷增刊
[6]、陈兴时，张明岛．脑电学发展史实．国外医学杂志，第23卷第二期
[7]、夏灵，肖国臻，吕维雪．生物电磁学的研究动态．生物物理学报第十三卷第三期一九九七年九月
[8]、邓东云，林家瑞．一种生理弱信号的模拟电路的设计．中国医疗器械杂志1994年第5期
[9]、吴东，卢焕章，沈振康．一种全新结构的微控制器—Triscend E5，微处理机 2000年5月第2期
[10]、秦颖洁，孙九伶．生物反馈疗法的临床应用．承德医学院学报 1999．2
[11]、张作生，张晓晖．脑电与认知活动的相关性．生物学杂志，第16卷第6期
[12]、张旺，袁宝华．脑电波及其对学习的意义．《教学与管理》2000年第3期
[13]、A.C. MettingYanRijn, A. Peper, C.A. Grimbergen. Instrumentation Amplifiers for bioelectric events: a design with a minial number of parts, www. biosemi, com, 2000
[14]、Thomas F. Collura. The Application of Small brainwave machine. www. brainmaster. com, 2001
[15]、Kerry Lacanette. A Basic Introduction to Filters-Active, Passtive, and Switched-Capacitor. National Semicondutor Application Note 779.1991.4
[16]、Ferree, T. C., P. L. Luu, G. S. Russell and D. M. Tucker (2000). Scalp-electrode impedance and EEG infection risk.Submitted to Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 2001
[17]、Huhta, J. C. and J. G. Webster (1973). 60-Hz interference in electrocardiography. IEEE. Tr. Biom. Eng.,vol BME-20, no. 2,91.
[18]、Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 20: 91-101.Derives the circuit equations for ECG and EEG data acquisition assuming subject is connected to true ground.
[19]、Thomas Ferree, Ph. D. Principles of Electricity and Egg Data Acquisition Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Riverfront Research Park Computational Science Institute, University of Oregon August 28, 2000
[20]、Amplifying, Digitizing, and Recording the EEG Hardware Engineering Manager Electrical Geodesics, Inc.
[21]、Triscend E5 Datasheet, www. Triscend. com
[22]、Lt1167 Datasheet, www. linear. com
[23]、Ltc1067 Datasheet, www. linear. com
[24]、Lt1112 Datasheet, www. linear. com
[25]、Max7480 Datasheet, www. maxim-ic. com
[26]、nRF403 Datasheet, www. VLSI-Nordic. com
[27]、Max3243 DataSheet www. maxim-ic. com
[28]、高光天编《仪表放大器应用技术》，科学技术出版社，1996
[29]、王保华、罗立民编《生物医学电子学高级教程》，东南大学出版社，2000
[30]、蔡建新、张唯真编《生物医学电子学》，北京大学出版社，1994
[31]、宁新宝编《生物医学电子学》，湖南科技出版社，1989
[32]、余学飞编《医学电子仪器原理与设计》，华南理工大学出版社，2000
[33]、谭郁玲主编《临床脑电图学与脑电地形图学》，人民卫生出版社，1999
[34]、苏宏宇 编《MathCAD2000数据处理与应用》
[35]、www. clevemed. com
[36]、www. brainmaster. com
[37]、Storing data in External Flash Memory for Triscend E5 CSoC Application.www. triscend. com/an01. pdf
[38]、Using the Interupt Expander library module.www. triscend. com/an05. pdf
[2]、杜秀艳．滤波器特性的测量．国外电子测量技，1999．1
[3]、常鸿森．半导体存储式盒型脑电信号采集器．电子技术应用，1998．9
[4]、陈兴时，张明岛．面向21世纪的精神电生理学研究．临床精神医学杂，1997年第7卷第5期。
[5]、郭力平．治疗失眠的几种仪器介绍．中国中医基础医学杂志 1997年第3卷增刊
[6]、陈兴时，张明岛．脑电学发展史实．国外医学杂志，第23卷第二期
[7]、夏灵，肖国臻，吕维雪．生物电磁学的研究动态．生物物理学报第十三卷第三期一九九七年九月
[8]、邓东云，林家瑞．一种生理弱信号的模拟电路的设计．中国医疗器械杂志1994年第5期
[9]、吴东，卢焕章，沈振康．一种全新结构的微控制器—Triscend E5，微处理机 2000年5月第2期
[10]、秦颖洁，孙九伶．生物反馈疗法的临床应用．承德医学院学报 1999．2
[11]、张作生，张晓晖．脑电与认知活动的相关性．生物学杂志，第16卷第6期
[12]、张旺，袁宝华．脑电波及其对学习的意义．《教学与管理》2000年第3期
[13]、A.C. MettingYanRijn, A. Peper, C.A. Grimbergen. Instrumentation Amplifiers for bioelectric events: a design with a minial number of parts, www. biosemi, com, 2000
[14]、Thomas F. Collura. The Application of Small brainwave machine. www. brainmaster. com, 2001
[15]、Kerry Lacanette. A Basic Introduction to Filters-Active, Passtive, and Switched-Capacitor. National Semicondutor Application Note 779.1991.4
[16]、Ferree, T. C., P. L. Luu, G. S. Russell and D. M. Tucker (2000). Scalp-electrode impedance and EEG infection risk.Submitted to Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 2001
[17]、Huhta, J. C. and J. G. Webster (1973). 60-Hz interference in electrocardiography. IEEE. Tr. Biom. Eng.,vol BME-20, no. 2,91.
[18]、Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 20: 91-101.Derives the circuit equations for ECG and EEG data acquisition assuming subject is connected to true ground.
[19]、Thomas Ferree, Ph. D. Principles of Electricity and Egg Data Acquisition Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Riverfront Research Park Computational Science Institute, University of Oregon August 28, 2000
[20]、Amplifying, Digitizing, and Recording the EEG Hardware Engineering Manager Electrical Geodesics, Inc.
[21]、Triscend E5 Datasheet, www. Triscend. com
[22]、Lt1167 Datasheet, www. linear. com
[23]、Ltc1067 Datasheet, www. linear. com
[24]、Lt1112 Datasheet, www. linear. com
[25]、Max7480 Datasheet, www. maxim-ic. com
[26]、nRF403 Datasheet, www. VLSI-Nordic. com
[27]、Max3243 DataSheet www. maxim-ic. com
[28]、高光天编《仪表放大器应用技术》，科学技术出版社，1996
[29]、王保华、罗立民编《生物医学电子学高级教程》，东南大学出版社，2000
[30]、蔡建新、张唯真编《生物医学电子学》，北京大学出版社，1994
[31]、宁新宝编《生物医学电子学》，湖南科技出版社，1989
[32]、余学飞编《医学电子仪器原理与设计》，华南理工大学出版社，2000
[33]、谭郁玲主编《临床脑电图学与脑电地形图学》，人民卫生出版社，1999
[34]、苏宏宇 编《MathCAD2000数据处理与应用》
[35]、www. clevemed. com
[36]、www. brainmaster. com
[37]、Storing data in External Flash Memory for Triscend E5 CSoC Application.www. triscend. com/an01. pdf
[38]、Using the Interupt Expander library module.www. triscend. com/an05. pdf