大学生职业决策自我效能实现过程中的社会支持研究
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摘要
社会支持是在社会互动过程中,个体从其他个人、团体或社会组织中获得的物质、情感、信息和归属等方面的支持。近年来社会支持受到心理学和社会科学领域的关注,国内外出现了大量相关研究成果,社会支持的理论体系逐渐完善,但是专门针对大学生被试进行的社会支持研究还为数较少,在现今国内大学生大规模扩招所引发的严峻就业形势下,结合大学生职业决策自我效能对大学生的社会支持进行研究具有现实意义。本研究以川南地区四川理工学院350名在校大学生为被试,运用修改后的“领悟社会支持量表”对被试的社会支持状况进行测试,运用彭永新制定的“大学生职业决策自我效能感量表”对被试的职业决策自我效能感进行测试,收回有效问卷331份。运用社会科学统计软件SPSS13.0,通过相关分析、多因素方差分析、回归分析等统计方法对大学生的社会支持现状、职业决策自我效能的现状进行分析,并对大学生社会支持和职业决策自我效能的关系进行了研究。得出以下结论：
(1)大学生群体的总体社会支持处在中等水平层次,大学生从家庭和朋友获得的支持较多,从其他途径(包括学校)获得的支持较少。
(2)四川理工学院大学生的社会支持在性别、年级、是否独生子女这几个方面有显著差异,在家庭来源、专业和是否有过工作经历两个方面存在差异,但没有达到显著水平。
(3)四川理工学院大学生的职业决策自我效能感在性别、年级、家庭来源、是否有过工作经历这几个方面存在显著差异,在专业和是否独生子女这两个方面存在差异,但没有达到显著水平。
(4)大学生社会支持与职业决策自我效能感存在显著正相关,大学生社会支持对职业决策自我效能感具有显著的预测作用。家庭支持和朋友支持对职业决策自我效能感有显著的预测作用;学校支持对职业决策自我效能感有预测作用；社会支持对职业决策自我效能感有显著的预测作用。
针对四川理工学院大学生社会支持和职业决策自我效能感的具体情况,本研究为改善大学生社会支持状况从学校、家庭、大学生自身三个方面提出了对策和建议。
Social support in social interaction, the individual from other individuals, groups or social organizations to get the material, emotional, information and ownership of such support. In recent years, social support by the psychology and social sciences concern at home and abroad there a large number of related research results, the theoretical system of social support gradual improvement. However, college students were tested specifically for the social support study also relatively few in number, in today's large-scale enrollment of domestic students caused by severe employment situation, combined with college students career decision-making self-efficacy of social support on college students to conduct research of practical significance. In this study, the region south Sichuan, Sichuan Institute of Technology 350 college students were tested, using the revised "Perceived Social Support Scale" on the subject's social support conditions to test, using the newly developed Yong Peng, "college students the amount of career decision-making self-efficacy table "on the subject's career decision-making self-efficacy test to recover the 331 valid questionnaires. The use of social science statistical software SPSS13.0, through the correlation analysis, multi-factor analysis of variance, regression analysis and other statistical methods the status quo of social support on college students, career decision-making self-efficacy analysis of the status, and social support and the career decision-making self-efficacy relations were studied. Reached the following conclusions:
(1) The overall student population at the middle level of social support level, students from family and friends received more support from other means (including schools) received less support.
(2) Sichuan Institute of Technology students of social support in gender, grade, whether the child in these areas are significant differences in the source in the family, professional work experience and whether there were differences in both aspects, but did not reach significant level.
(3) Sichuan Institute of Technology college students career decision-making self-efficacy in gender, grade, family sources, whether there had been several aspects of work experience that there are significant differences in the professional and whether there are differences in these two areas only child, but did not meet significant level.
(4) Social support and professional decision-making self-efficacy were significantly positively related to social support on the career decision-making self-efficacy has significant predictive effect. Family support and friends support the right career decision-making self-efficacy significantly predicted effect; school support for the career decision-making self-efficacy has predicted effect; social support on the career decision-making self-efficacy significantly predict.
Sichuan Institute of Technology students for social support and career decision-making self-efficacy of the specific circumstances of this study was to improve the situation of social support from schools, families, students put forward their own three countermeasures and suggestions.
(1)大学生群体的总体社会支持处在中等水平层次,大学生从家庭和朋友获得的支持较多,从其他途径(包括学校)获得的支持较少。
(2)四川理工学院大学生的社会支持在性别、年级、是否独生子女这几个方面有显著差异,在家庭来源、专业和是否有过工作经历两个方面存在差异,但没有达到显著水平。
(3)四川理工学院大学生的职业决策自我效能感在性别、年级、家庭来源、是否有过工作经历这几个方面存在显著差异,在专业和是否独生子女这两个方面存在差异,但没有达到显著水平。
(4)大学生社会支持与职业决策自我效能感存在显著正相关,大学生社会支持对职业决策自我效能感具有显著的预测作用。家庭支持和朋友支持对职业决策自我效能感有显著的预测作用;学校支持对职业决策自我效能感有预测作用；社会支持对职业决策自我效能感有显著的预测作用。
针对四川理工学院大学生社会支持和职业决策自我效能感的具体情况,本研究为改善大学生社会支持状况从学校、家庭、大学生自身三个方面提出了对策和建议。
Social support in social interaction, the individual from other individuals, groups or social organizations to get the material, emotional, information and ownership of such support. In recent years, social support by the psychology and social sciences concern at home and abroad there a large number of related research results, the theoretical system of social support gradual improvement. However, college students were tested specifically for the social support study also relatively few in number, in today's large-scale enrollment of domestic students caused by severe employment situation, combined with college students career decision-making self-efficacy of social support on college students to conduct research of practical significance. In this study, the region south Sichuan, Sichuan Institute of Technology 350 college students were tested, using the revised "Perceived Social Support Scale" on the subject's social support conditions to test, using the newly developed Yong Peng, "college students the amount of career decision-making self-efficacy table "on the subject's career decision-making self-efficacy test to recover the 331 valid questionnaires. The use of social science statistical software SPSS13.0, through the correlation analysis, multi-factor analysis of variance, regression analysis and other statistical methods the status quo of social support on college students, career decision-making self-efficacy analysis of the status, and social support and the career decision-making self-efficacy relations were studied. Reached the following conclusions:
(1) The overall student population at the middle level of social support level, students from family and friends received more support from other means (including schools) received less support.
(2) Sichuan Institute of Technology students of social support in gender, grade, whether the child in these areas are significant differences in the source in the family, professional work experience and whether there were differences in both aspects, but did not reach significant level.
(3) Sichuan Institute of Technology college students career decision-making self-efficacy in gender, grade, family sources, whether there had been several aspects of work experience that there are significant differences in the professional and whether there are differences in these two areas only child, but did not meet significant level.
(4) Social support and professional decision-making self-efficacy were significantly positively related to social support on the career decision-making self-efficacy has significant predictive effect. Family support and friends support the right career decision-making self-efficacy significantly predicted effect; school support for the career decision-making self-efficacy has predicted effect; social support on the career decision-making self-efficacy significantly predict.
Sichuan Institute of Technology students for social support and career decision-making self-efficacy of the specific circumstances of this study was to improve the situation of social support from schools, families, students put forward their own three countermeasures and suggestions.
引文
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