长春市市区围绝经期妇女健康情况调查分析
摘要
为了解长春市区围绝经期妇女的健康状况和行为状况,以便有针对性地对她们进行健康教育和健康干预。对自愿接受调查的550名长春市市区40-60岁妇女进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷530份。得出结果:①530名围绝经期妇女中,绝经者占35.28% ;平均绝经年龄48.58岁。②围绝经期妇女的健康状况和行为状况在各年龄段之间有很大差异;高血压、骨质疏松、心脑血管疾病、泌尿系统疾病和糖尿病在围绝经期妇女中占有相当比例,且在各年龄段的分布也有显著差异。③部分围绝经期妇女的保健意识不强,保健知识贫乏。④抑郁症、焦虑症发病率亦随年龄增长明显升高。⑤随着年龄增长,生存质量反而降低。得出如下结论:围绝经期的不同症状及其发生程度与女性的年龄、文化程度、经济状况、职业相关,保健意识以及对激素替代疗法认知还有待提高,影响围绝经期妇女生存质量的因素包括多种人口学和社会学特征,因此应采取综合措施提高其生存质量。
Goal: In order to understand the Changchun urban perimenopausal women's health and behaviour, in order to have targeted them for health education and health interventions
Method: On a voluntary survey of 550 urban areas in Changchun City women aged 40 to 60 conducted a questionnaire survey of 530 valid questionnaires recovered. All material into its analysis. Age: 40 to 45-year-old 178 cases (33.58%), 46 to 50-year-old 180 cases (33.96%), 51 to 55-year-old 100 cases (18.87%), 56 to 60-year-old 72 cases (13.58 percent). The average age of 48.79 years old.
Finally:①530 perimenopausal women, who accounted for 35.28 percent menopause; average menopausal age of 48.58 years old.②perimenopausal women's health status and behavior of all ages in between are very different; perimenopausal symptoms improved to the extent Kupper - man score assessment, perimenopausal symptoms rate was 64.34 percent of which occur most symptoms .The first four are: insomnia accounted for 52.64 percent, 50.19 percent of fatigue fatigue, muscle and joint pain accounted for 48.49 percent, 43.58 percent of dizziness. Hypertension, osteoporosis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, urinary system diseases and diabetes in perimenopausal women occupy a considerable proportion, and in the distribution of all ages are also significant differences.
③part of perimenopausal women's health awareness is not strong, lack of health knowledge. The low awareness of hormone replacement therapy, hormone therapy are rarely accepted.④depression mainly to mild disease, and depression, anxiety disorder incidence rate also increased significantly with age.⑤with age, but lower quality of life.
Conclusion: Perimenopausal symptoms and the different extent and women in the age, education level, economic status, occupation-related, health awareness and understanding of hormone replacement therapy has yet to be improved, the impact of perimenopausal women's quality of life in a variety of factors including demographic And sociological characteristics and therefore should take comprehensive measures to improve their quality of life.
Goal: In order to understand the Changchun urban perimenopausal women's health and behaviour, in order to have targeted them for health education and health interventions
Method: On a voluntary survey of 550 urban areas in Changchun City women aged 40 to 60 conducted a questionnaire survey of 530 valid questionnaires recovered. All material into its analysis. Age: 40 to 45-year-old 178 cases (33.58%), 46 to 50-year-old 180 cases (33.96%), 51 to 55-year-old 100 cases (18.87%), 56 to 60-year-old 72 cases (13.58 percent). The average age of 48.79 years old.
Finally:①530 perimenopausal women, who accounted for 35.28 percent menopause; average menopausal age of 48.58 years old.②perimenopausal women's health status and behavior of all ages in between are very different; perimenopausal symptoms improved to the extent Kupper - man score assessment, perimenopausal symptoms rate was 64.34 percent of which occur most symptoms .The first four are: insomnia accounted for 52.64 percent, 50.19 percent of fatigue fatigue, muscle and joint pain accounted for 48.49 percent, 43.58 percent of dizziness. Hypertension, osteoporosis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, urinary system diseases and diabetes in perimenopausal women occupy a considerable proportion, and in the distribution of all ages are also significant differences.
③part of perimenopausal women's health awareness is not strong, lack of health knowledge. The low awareness of hormone replacement therapy, hormone therapy are rarely accepted.④depression mainly to mild disease, and depression, anxiety disorder incidence rate also increased significantly with age.⑤with age, but lower quality of life.
Conclusion: Perimenopausal symptoms and the different extent and women in the age, education level, economic status, occupation-related, health awareness and understanding of hormone replacement therapy has yet to be improved, the impact of perimenopausal women's quality of life in a variety of factors including demographic And sociological characteristics and therefore should take comprehensive measures to improve their quality of life.
引文
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[4]M cDow ell I, N ew ell C, eds: M easuring health: a guide to rat ing scales and quest ionnaires. 2nd ed. New York:O xford University Press, Inc. , 1996: 446～ 456
[5]Mc Horney CA , et al: Medical Care, 1993; 31: 247～ 263
[6]W are JE, Snow KK, Ko sinsk iM , et al. How to score the SF-36 Health Survey〔M〕. Boston MA: the M edical Outcomes T rust,1993.
[7]魏朝晖. 生命质量测定量表的SF -36应用.国外医学社会医学分册,1997,12,第14卷,第4期:145～147
[8]顾美 临床妇产科学〔M〕北京:人民卫生出版社2002
[9]W are JE. SF-36 Health Survey: M anual and interp retion guide〔M〕.Boston MA: the Health Institute, New England Medical Center 1993.
[10]Clinkingbeard C , Minton BA , Davis J , et al. Women‘s knowledge abou t menopause ,hormone replacement therapy(HRT) ,and interactions with healthcare providers : an exploratory study. J Womens Health Gend Based Med ,1999 ,8 :1097～1102.
[11]邓小虹,张淞文,北京地区围绝经期妇女健康现状的流行病学调查[J].北京医学,2002,24(4)235-8
[12]王哲蔚,高晓玲,周蕾,等.更年期妇女健康和生活质量及其影响因素调查[J],中国妇幼保健,2003,18:295-8.
[13]郭锡永,王悦,吴飞,等.更年期妇女抑郁症状的发生现状及其相关因素的研究[J]中国妇幼保健,2002,17:100-2
[14]黄薇,彭伟,吴艳乔,等.成都市围绝经期妇女生殖健康状况的现状调查[J]四川大学学报(医学版),2003,34(3):536-8
[15]王红红,周昌菊. 妇女围绝经期体检及相关因素调查研究[J ] . 中华护理杂志,1998 ,33 (9) :499～502.
[16]陈友华. 绝经后女性骨密度测定的临床价值与护理探讨[J ] . 护士进修杂志,2002 ,17 (1) :9～10.
[17]张宝屏.广州地区40-60 岁妇女社区卫生服务及需求现状的调查分析[J].中国妇幼保健1997,12(6):356
[18]华嘉增. 老年妇女的生殖保健[J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志,2002 ,18 (12) :705-706
[19]Boulet MJ , Oddens BJ ,Lehert P ,et al1Climacteric and menopause in seven south - east Asian countries[J] 1Maturitas, 1994,19 :157～1621
[20]ShepherdJE,Bopp J.Pharmacy-based care for perimenopausel women.J Am PharmAssoch.(Wash),2002,42(5):700-711; quiz711-712
[21]王临虹, 赵更力, 葛美云.妇女更年期症状影响因素及保健需求的定性研究.中国妇幼保健, 1998, 13 (3) : 169
[22]李静然.1428 例围绝经妇女健康状况及影响因素调查 中国全科医学 2004 11 第7卷 21期1582-1583
[23]Bertero C.What do women think about menopause? A qualitative study of women’s expectations, app rehensions and knowledge about the climacteric period1 Int Nurs Rev, 2003, 50 (2) : 109
[24]Haines CJ, Rong L, Chung TK .The percep tion of the menopauseand the climacteric among women in Hong Kong and southern China1PrevMed, 1995, 24 (3) : 245
[25]Tsao L I, ChangWY, Hung LL.Perimenopausal knowledge of mid- life women in northern Taiwan.J Clin Nurs, 2004, 13 (5) : 627
[26]康健, 林玲.1434 例更年期妇女健康状况分析[J ] .中国妇幼保健,2000 , 15 (2) : 104 - 106.
[27]李京荣,张晋峰.绝经前及绝经后妇女保健知识调查[J]. 生殖医学志,2000 ,3 :146～148.
[28]林守清.权衡利弊 正确应用性激素补充治疗[J].中国医刊,2002,37(8)2-3.
[29]徐苓,赵珩,葛秦生.围绝经期的流行病学调查[J].生殖医学杂志1993,1(1):23-7
[30]徐苓.科学全面地分析激素补充治疗的利与弊[J]中华妇产科杂志,2002.3(10):577-9
[31]陆洪波,杨晓钊.围绝经期综合征流行病学研究现状[J]广西医学.2001.23(5)1131-4
[32]张淑彩 围绝经期妇女保健的研究进展.解放军护理杂志2004 5 21(5)44-46
[33]古梅, 高晓秋.绝经期妇女的其他激素替代疗法: 睾酮[J ] .中国全科医学, 2001 , 4 (3) : 1801
[34]田丰莲.广东地区为绝境妇女健康状况和需求调查[J ].第一军医大学学报2004;24(8)928-932.
[35]王志红,白文佩,郭艳巍. 围绝经期门诊患者抑郁焦虑症状调查分析[J ] . 承德医学院学报,2004 ,21 (2) :121
[36]董莉,归绥琪. 围绝经期抑郁症的研究进展[J]. 国外医学.妇幼保健分册,2004 ,15 (4) :237
[37]Wojnar M ,Drozdz W,Araszkiewicz A , et al . Prevalence of depressive disorders among perimenopausal women seeking gynecological services[J ] . Psychiat rPol ,2003 ,37 (5) :811.
[38]HuerTa R , Mena A. Symptoms at the menopausal and premenopausal years :their relationships with ,glucose , cortisol , FSH ,prolactin , obesity and attitudes towards sexuality [J ] . Psychoneuroendocri nology , 1995 , 20 (8) :851.
[39]郭锡永,王悦,吴飞. 更年期妇女抑郁症状的发生现状及其相关因素的研究[J ] . 中国妇幼保健,2002 ,17 (5) :100-102.
[40]Murakumi J . Gender and depression : Explaining the DifferentRates of Depression Between Men and Women [J ] . Perspectives in Psychology Spring ,2002 ,31 :27-34.
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