宁武亚高山湖群浮游植物群落结构特征研究
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摘要
本文以山西宁武亚高山湖群浮游植物为研究对象。2007--2009年对该地区的浮游植物群落结构组成、现存量、生物多样性及水质等情况进行了调查研究,并且与其它地区湖泊的浮游植物进行了比较分析和探讨。
宁武亚高山湖群是我国罕见的亚高山湖泊群系,处于海拔1771--1854m之间,有着特殊的地理位置和特有的气候特征。境内湖泊众多,环境复杂,水体多样,浮游植物资源十分丰富。通过对该湖群3次采集的标本进行定性定量的观察,共鉴定到浮游植物291种、变种及变型,隶属于8门,10纲,23目,45科,108属。每个湖泊均以硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门为优势门,其它门的种类较少。但各个湖泊的种类数差别较大,其中马营海种类最多,干海最少。通过对优势科、优势属和优势种的统计发现它们的优势都比较明显。用两种方法统计的公共优势科有2科,分别为：脆杆藻科(Fragilariaceae)和舟形藻科(Naviculaceae);优势属有3属,分别为：脆杆藻属(Fragilaria)、舟形藻属(Navicula)和桥弯藻属(Cymbella);优势种有8种,分别为：蓝藻门的细小隐球藻(Aphanocapsa elachista)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginisa)和小席藻(Phormidium tenue),硅藻门的小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、肘状脆杆藻(Fragilaria ulna)和尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)以及绿藻门的狭形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus angustus)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)。
2009年五个湖泊浮游植物平均细胞密度为3.49×106 Cells／L,通过对该区域的浮游植物现存量和生物多样性指数进行分析发现：该湖群物种丰富,均匀度高,群落结构稳定,水质为轻污,属于中营养型；各个湖泊间比较,琵琶海浮游植物平均细胞密度最高,小海的平均细胞密度最低；公海水质最好,暖泉沟污染程度最大。
暖泉沟不同于其它几个湖泊,它为一个开放式的观光湖泊,通过对该湖泊浮游植物现存量和生物多样性指数分析发现：该湖浮游植物平均细胞密度为2.24×106Cells／L,水质为轻污；从站点间比较,游艇处的平均细胞密度比指挥站高且污染程度大；从时间上比较,2009年比2008年的平均细胞密度高且污染程度大；从分层上比较：0.5m比表层的平均细胞密度高。
通过对宁武亚高山湖群浮游植物与其它地区比较发现,宁武湖群浮游植物群落结构稳定,物种丰富且均匀,优势种也相对比较多。各个地区群落结构组成大部分都以硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻占优势,亚高山湖泊优势种大部分为硅藻,平原地区优势种为蓝藻和绿藻,可见海拔对浮游植物群落结构组成的影响主要是通过温度来起作用的,除此之外,周边环境和理化指标也是应考虑在内的重要影响因素。
In this paper, the phytoplankton community composition, biomass, biodiversity and water quality in Shanxi Ningwu subalpine lakes are investigated and studied from 2007 to 2009. What's more, they are discussed and compared with phytoplankton in other areas.
Ningwu subalpine lakes are rare in China. The altitude is from 1771m to 1854m. They have a special geographical location and unique climate characteristics, and have many lakes, complex entertainment, all kinds of water area and very rich phytoplankton resources. There are 291 phytoplankton species or variants belonging to 8 Phyla,10 Classes,23 Orders,45 Families,108 Genus through qualitative and quantitative observation and identification. Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta are dominant Phyla in all lakes, and other phyla are less. However, the species amounts are very different in each lake. The species amount of phytoplankton in mayinghai lake is the most, and the species amount in ganhai lake is the least. Through the statistical of the dominant families, dominant genera and dominant species, it is found that their advantages are very obvious. There are two common dominant families (Fragilariaceae and Naviculaceae) through two methods statistics. There are three dominant genera(Fragilaria, Navicula, Cymbella) and eight dominant species (Aphanocapsa elachista, Microcystis aeruginisa, Phormidium tenue, Cyclotella sp., Fragilaria ulna, Synedra acus, Ankistrodesmus angustus and Chlorella vulgaris).
The phytoplankton average cell density of five lakes is 3.49×106 Cells/L in 2009. It is found that phytoplankton species are rich and even, and community structure is stable, and water quality is light-pollution and mid-eutrophic by the analysis of biomass and biodiversity index of phytoplankton in the region. Compared among each lake, the mean cell density of phytoplankton in pipahai lake is the most and Xiaohai lake is the least. Water quality of Gonghai lake is the best and Nuanquangou lake is the most serious.
Unlike other several lakes, Nuanquangou lake is an open tourist lake. It is found that the phytoplankton mean cell density in Nuanquangou lake is 2.24×106 Cells/L, and its water quality is light-pollution through the analysis of phytoplankton biomass and biodiversity index. Compared between sampling sites, the phytoplankton average cell density in yacht site is more than Zhihuizhan site, and yacht sites pollution degree is more series. Compared between sampling time, the phytoplankton average cell density in 2009 is more than 2008, and pollution degree in 2009 is more series. Compared between different depths, the phytoplankton average cell density in 0.5m is more than the surface layer.
Through comparing with other regions, phytoplankton community structure in Ningwu subalpine lakes is more stable, species much richer and evener, and the dominant species more. The most of phytoplankton community composition in all regions are Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. The most dominant species in subalpine lakes are diatoms, but the dominant species in plain areas are Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. The major impact of altitude on phytoplankton is because of the difference of temperature. In addition, the surrounding environment and the physical and chemical indicators are also very important factors.
宁武亚高山湖群是我国罕见的亚高山湖泊群系,处于海拔1771--1854m之间,有着特殊的地理位置和特有的气候特征。境内湖泊众多,环境复杂,水体多样,浮游植物资源十分丰富。通过对该湖群3次采集的标本进行定性定量的观察,共鉴定到浮游植物291种、变种及变型,隶属于8门,10纲,23目,45科,108属。每个湖泊均以硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门为优势门,其它门的种类较少。但各个湖泊的种类数差别较大,其中马营海种类最多,干海最少。通过对优势科、优势属和优势种的统计发现它们的优势都比较明显。用两种方法统计的公共优势科有2科,分别为：脆杆藻科(Fragilariaceae)和舟形藻科(Naviculaceae);优势属有3属,分别为：脆杆藻属(Fragilaria)、舟形藻属(Navicula)和桥弯藻属(Cymbella);优势种有8种,分别为：蓝藻门的细小隐球藻(Aphanocapsa elachista)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginisa)和小席藻(Phormidium tenue),硅藻门的小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、肘状脆杆藻(Fragilaria ulna)和尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)以及绿藻门的狭形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus angustus)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)。
2009年五个湖泊浮游植物平均细胞密度为3.49×106 Cells／L,通过对该区域的浮游植物现存量和生物多样性指数进行分析发现：该湖群物种丰富,均匀度高,群落结构稳定,水质为轻污,属于中营养型；各个湖泊间比较,琵琶海浮游植物平均细胞密度最高,小海的平均细胞密度最低；公海水质最好,暖泉沟污染程度最大。
暖泉沟不同于其它几个湖泊,它为一个开放式的观光湖泊,通过对该湖泊浮游植物现存量和生物多样性指数分析发现：该湖浮游植物平均细胞密度为2.24×106Cells／L,水质为轻污；从站点间比较,游艇处的平均细胞密度比指挥站高且污染程度大；从时间上比较,2009年比2008年的平均细胞密度高且污染程度大；从分层上比较：0.5m比表层的平均细胞密度高。
通过对宁武亚高山湖群浮游植物与其它地区比较发现,宁武湖群浮游植物群落结构稳定,物种丰富且均匀,优势种也相对比较多。各个地区群落结构组成大部分都以硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻占优势,亚高山湖泊优势种大部分为硅藻,平原地区优势种为蓝藻和绿藻,可见海拔对浮游植物群落结构组成的影响主要是通过温度来起作用的,除此之外,周边环境和理化指标也是应考虑在内的重要影响因素。
In this paper, the phytoplankton community composition, biomass, biodiversity and water quality in Shanxi Ningwu subalpine lakes are investigated and studied from 2007 to 2009. What's more, they are discussed and compared with phytoplankton in other areas.
Ningwu subalpine lakes are rare in China. The altitude is from 1771m to 1854m. They have a special geographical location and unique climate characteristics, and have many lakes, complex entertainment, all kinds of water area and very rich phytoplankton resources. There are 291 phytoplankton species or variants belonging to 8 Phyla,10 Classes,23 Orders,45 Families,108 Genus through qualitative and quantitative observation and identification. Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta are dominant Phyla in all lakes, and other phyla are less. However, the species amounts are very different in each lake. The species amount of phytoplankton in mayinghai lake is the most, and the species amount in ganhai lake is the least. Through the statistical of the dominant families, dominant genera and dominant species, it is found that their advantages are very obvious. There are two common dominant families (Fragilariaceae and Naviculaceae) through two methods statistics. There are three dominant genera(Fragilaria, Navicula, Cymbella) and eight dominant species (Aphanocapsa elachista, Microcystis aeruginisa, Phormidium tenue, Cyclotella sp., Fragilaria ulna, Synedra acus, Ankistrodesmus angustus and Chlorella vulgaris).
The phytoplankton average cell density of five lakes is 3.49×106 Cells/L in 2009. It is found that phytoplankton species are rich and even, and community structure is stable, and water quality is light-pollution and mid-eutrophic by the analysis of biomass and biodiversity index of phytoplankton in the region. Compared among each lake, the mean cell density of phytoplankton in pipahai lake is the most and Xiaohai lake is the least. Water quality of Gonghai lake is the best and Nuanquangou lake is the most serious.
Unlike other several lakes, Nuanquangou lake is an open tourist lake. It is found that the phytoplankton mean cell density in Nuanquangou lake is 2.24×106 Cells/L, and its water quality is light-pollution through the analysis of phytoplankton biomass and biodiversity index. Compared between sampling sites, the phytoplankton average cell density in yacht site is more than Zhihuizhan site, and yacht sites pollution degree is more series. Compared between sampling time, the phytoplankton average cell density in 2009 is more than 2008, and pollution degree in 2009 is more series. Compared between different depths, the phytoplankton average cell density in 0.5m is more than the surface layer.
Through comparing with other regions, phytoplankton community structure in Ningwu subalpine lakes is more stable, species much richer and evener, and the dominant species more. The most of phytoplankton community composition in all regions are Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. The most dominant species in subalpine lakes are diatoms, but the dominant species in plain areas are Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. The major impact of altitude on phytoplankton is because of the difference of temperature. In addition, the surrounding environment and the physical and chemical indicators are also very important factors.
引文
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