生化分析仪的设计与实现
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摘要
生化分析仪的出现大大改变了原来由于采用手工生化分析而导致的操作繁琐,受操作者主观因素影响大,错误几率大的状况。我国医疗器械产品总体水平落后,国内生化实验室采用的基本是进口产品。因此开展自动生化分析仪的研究,对提高我国生化分析仪器的研究和设计水平具有一定的意义。本设计旨在开发操作方便,功能完善的小型半自动生化分析仪。该生化分析仪仅供体外诊断使用,主要用来对人的血液和其他体液中的各种生化指标进行分析,通过光电法测定待测物浓度。主要研究内容如下:
通过了解生化分析原理和生化测试基础,根据生化分析仪所要达到的性能指标,设计生化分析仪控制系统的总体结构,对硬件和软件功能做出明确和合理的分配。
以MSP430F149单片机为核心,实现了生化分析仪的硬件系统。完成硬件平台,接口模块、信号调理模块的开发设计,并使该硬件平台具有一定的抗干扰能力。利用光电法进行信号检测,并设计了自动增益信号调理电路,改善了低浓度试剂信号的信噪比,提高了生化分析仪的检测精度。
完成生化分析仪的软件设计。用C语言进行软件程序的编制。按照系统功能要求,设计了串行通信模块、显示模块、键盘处理模块、A/D转换模块、数据处理模块等。各个模块部分的内容相互独立,便于程序编写和调试。
生化分析仪在检测过程中,要求试样处于恒温条件,温度控制方面的因素对仪器的分析性能也有较大影响,本设计采用模糊控制算法,用数字式温度传感器测温,用MSP430F149作为控制器,构成闭环温度控制系统。该方法控制动态性能好、稳定性强。
本文设计的生化分析仪已经过系统的联机调试,运行稳定、结果正确,表明系统的设计是合理的、可靠的。本设计顺应了医疗仪器国产化的发展趋势,随着仪器的开发完成与推向市场,必将产生良好的社会效益与经济效益。
Since the introduction of the traditional manual biochemical analysis may lead to sophisticated operation, the great effect from the operators' subjective factors, and the serious error, the appearance of the biochemical analyzer changes this situation significantly. Because the overall level of domestic medical equipments are not so satisfactory, biochemical laboratories mainly use imports. Therefore, the study on automatic biochemical analyzer has a great significance of enhancing our level in researching and designing biochemical analyzer. This project is conceived to design a small semi-automatic biochemical analyzer, which is easy to be used with improved functions . The biochemical analyzer is mainly used for exosomatic diagnosis to analyses the various biochemical guide line of blood and other body fluids, it mensurates concentration of objects by photovoltaic method. Main research content is as follows:Studying through the principles of biochemical analysis and the basis of biochemical test, and according to the performance indicators of the biochemical analyzer to be achieved, the architectures of control system of the biochemical analyzer is designed, and a clear and reasonable distribution for the hardware and software functions is made.The hardware system of biochemical analyzer with the MSP430F149 as the core is realized. Signal detection was achieved by using photovoltaic method, and an automatic gain signal conditional circuit was designed to increase low-concentrations reagents signal-to-noise ratio, and improved the detection accuracy of the biochemical analyzer.The design of the software of the biochemical analyzer has been finished based on IAR Embedded Workbench for debugging development. According to the system functional demand, the serial communication module, display module, keyboard module, A/D conversion module and data processing module are designed.In the course of testing, specimen should stay at the constant temperature conditions, temperature control has a greater impact on the performances of the biochemical analyzer, the design control algorithms adopts fuzzy theory, use digital temperature sensors, and use MSP430F149 as MCU to form a closed loop temperature control system. By this means, the system achieved a good dynamic performance and well stability.The design of biochemical analyzer has been adopted online system debugging, it can run stably, and the result is correct, so the system design is reasonable and reliable. The design conforms to the trends of medical equipment domestically, and with the completion of the development of the analyzer and being market, it is bound to have good social and economic benefits.
通过了解生化分析原理和生化测试基础,根据生化分析仪所要达到的性能指标,设计生化分析仪控制系统的总体结构,对硬件和软件功能做出明确和合理的分配。
以MSP430F149单片机为核心,实现了生化分析仪的硬件系统。完成硬件平台,接口模块、信号调理模块的开发设计,并使该硬件平台具有一定的抗干扰能力。利用光电法进行信号检测,并设计了自动增益信号调理电路,改善了低浓度试剂信号的信噪比,提高了生化分析仪的检测精度。
完成生化分析仪的软件设计。用C语言进行软件程序的编制。按照系统功能要求,设计了串行通信模块、显示模块、键盘处理模块、A/D转换模块、数据处理模块等。各个模块部分的内容相互独立,便于程序编写和调试。
生化分析仪在检测过程中,要求试样处于恒温条件,温度控制方面的因素对仪器的分析性能也有较大影响,本设计采用模糊控制算法,用数字式温度传感器测温,用MSP430F149作为控制器,构成闭环温度控制系统。该方法控制动态性能好、稳定性强。
本文设计的生化分析仪已经过系统的联机调试,运行稳定、结果正确,表明系统的设计是合理的、可靠的。本设计顺应了医疗仪器国产化的发展趋势,随着仪器的开发完成与推向市场,必将产生良好的社会效益与经济效益。
Since the introduction of the traditional manual biochemical analysis may lead to sophisticated operation, the great effect from the operators' subjective factors, and the serious error, the appearance of the biochemical analyzer changes this situation significantly. Because the overall level of domestic medical equipments are not so satisfactory, biochemical laboratories mainly use imports. Therefore, the study on automatic biochemical analyzer has a great significance of enhancing our level in researching and designing biochemical analyzer. This project is conceived to design a small semi-automatic biochemical analyzer, which is easy to be used with improved functions . The biochemical analyzer is mainly used for exosomatic diagnosis to analyses the various biochemical guide line of blood and other body fluids, it mensurates concentration of objects by photovoltaic method. Main research content is as follows:Studying through the principles of biochemical analysis and the basis of biochemical test, and according to the performance indicators of the biochemical analyzer to be achieved, the architectures of control system of the biochemical analyzer is designed, and a clear and reasonable distribution for the hardware and software functions is made.The hardware system of biochemical analyzer with the MSP430F149 as the core is realized. Signal detection was achieved by using photovoltaic method, and an automatic gain signal conditional circuit was designed to increase low-concentrations reagents signal-to-noise ratio, and improved the detection accuracy of the biochemical analyzer.The design of the software of the biochemical analyzer has been finished based on IAR Embedded Workbench for debugging development. According to the system functional demand, the serial communication module, display module, keyboard module, A/D conversion module and data processing module are designed.In the course of testing, specimen should stay at the constant temperature conditions, temperature control has a greater impact on the performances of the biochemical analyzer, the design control algorithms adopts fuzzy theory, use digital temperature sensors, and use MSP430F149 as MCU to form a closed loop temperature control system. By this means, the system achieved a good dynamic performance and well stability.The design of biochemical analyzer has been adopted online system debugging, it can run stably, and the result is correct, so the system design is reasonable and reliable. The design conforms to the trends of medical equipment domestically, and with the completion of the development of the analyzer and being market, it is bound to have good social and economic benefits.
引文
[1] 张玉海等.新型医用检验仪器原理与维修.北京:电子工业出版社.2005.144～158
[2] 魏学锋.自动生化分析仪软件设计开发和数据处理.[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学生物物理专业,2005
[3] 吕建锋.生化分析仪Ⅱ型机主程序的设计:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国人民解放军军事医学科学院,2005
[4] 杨振修.免疫浊度测定法.中华检验医学杂志,1997.24(6):782～784
[5] 刘振起.实用新型浊度仪.现代科学仪器,2003.18(2):106～110
[6] 韩志均等.临床化学常用自动分析法.辽宁科学技术出版社1991.23(6):55～58
[7] 袁水斌.生化分析仪类型结构、试剂和实验参数设置.江西检验医学杂志,2002.21(2):83～87
[8] 温文龙.密封仪器仪表的散热研究及温控系统设计.[硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学电路与系统专业,21305
[9] Marlow Industries, Inc(1994). Thermoelectric Cooling Systems Design Guide(Publication No.017～7939, Rev 1)
[10] 金以慧.过程控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993.14～28
[11] Chein, Reiy U, Huang Guanming. Thermoelectric cooler application in electronic cooling, 2004. 2207～2217
[12] R.. M. Weber, D. C. Price (March, 21, 1995). Thermal control system(U. S. Patent)
[13] 章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1999.25～88
[14] Bergles, A. E. Evolution of cooling technology for electrical, elcctronlc and microelectronic equipmeni. 2003, 26(1): 6～15
[15] J, Palmorz, Stability Properties of Smith dead time compensator controller. 1980. 32(6): 937～949.
[16] 姜孝华.电焊机的单片微机专家智能控制.西南交通大学学报.1994.29(5):36～39
[17] 彭祖林,邓罗根,刘细华.用于测量体温的无线实时监测系统的设计与实现.微计算机信息.2005.(1):41～43
[18] 江贵平.配料控制器的研究与开发:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学交通信息工程及控制,2003
[19] 黎洪生,张英.基于单片机的无磁传感水表的设计.传感器与微技术,2006.3:54～56
[20] 张浠,王得银,张晨,MSP430系列单片机实用C语言程序设计,北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.1～16
[21] Texas Instruments Incorporated. Msp430xlxx Family User's Guide http://www.-msp430.com,2003
[22] 熊为霞,谭文若.串行接口LED数码管及键盘管理器件ZLG7289A的原理与应用.国外电子元器件,2004.17(4):64～66
[23] 段文杰.基于USB11的高速数据采集系统.[硕士学位论文]太原:太原理工大学,2005
[24] XN06-Ⅳ四通道血凝仪使用说明书.ELF Biochemical analyzer Limited Company
[25] PCF8563 Real-time clock/calendar Product specification.Philips Electronics N. V. 1999, 16 April 1999
[26] SN74LVC4245A OCTAL BUS TRANSCEIVER AND 3.3-V TO 5-V SHIFTER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS. SCAS375D-MARCH 1994-REVISED JUNE 1998
[27] 3. 0V to 5.5 V Low-Power, up to 1Mbps,True RS-232 Transceivers Using Four 0.1 uF External Capacitors. 2003 Maxim Integrated Products
[28] Interfacing the 3-V MSP430 to 5-V Circuits. http:www.msp430.com
[29] Single-Ended,Rail-to-Rail I/O,Low Gain PGA manual. 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
[30] Signle/Dual Digital Potentiometer with SPI Interface. 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
[31] 蒋根深,张明亮,解旭辉,李圣怡.基于DSl8820的数字式温度控制系统.控制工程,2003.10(5):419～432
[32] 沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机实践与系统设计,北京:清华大学出版社,21305.1～17
[33] 向金凤.燃料电池发动机控制系统的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学自动化系,2005
[34] 何青.基于嵌入式系统的超声波流量计设计及实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学自动化系,200:5
[35] 周立功单片机.ZLG7289B串行接口LED数码管及键柱管理器件数据手册.http://www.zlgmcu.com
[36] 韩玉芹,祖先锋.ADSP2181与液晶显示模块SMC1602B.电子设计应用,2003.16(4):54～56
[37] 伍家满,虞礼贞等.基于1-Wire接口的总线技术及其应用.南昌大学,2005.17(5):64～66
[38] 马飞,陆林越.生化分析仪的分析方法,医疗卫生设备,2003.10(2):31～34
[39] Harvey b. Lipman, J. Rex Astles, Estimating the Linear Analytic Range. Clinica Chimica Acta 282(19999) 15～34
[40] Neal S. Latman, Roger Lanier, Expressions of Accuracy in the Evaluation of Biomedical Instrumentation. Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology. 19—98. 5/6, 282～288
[41] 卢兴平,程江波.临床医学分析仪器的实验数据处理方法的应用.中国医学装备,2004.26(2):11～13
[2] 魏学锋.自动生化分析仪软件设计开发和数据处理.[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学生物物理专业,2005
[3] 吕建锋.生化分析仪Ⅱ型机主程序的设计:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国人民解放军军事医学科学院,2005
[4] 杨振修.免疫浊度测定法.中华检验医学杂志,1997.24(6):782～784
[5] 刘振起.实用新型浊度仪.现代科学仪器,2003.18(2):106～110
[6] 韩志均等.临床化学常用自动分析法.辽宁科学技术出版社1991.23(6):55～58
[7] 袁水斌.生化分析仪类型结构、试剂和实验参数设置.江西检验医学杂志,2002.21(2):83～87
[8] 温文龙.密封仪器仪表的散热研究及温控系统设计.[硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学电路与系统专业,21305
[9] Marlow Industries, Inc(1994). Thermoelectric Cooling Systems Design Guide(Publication No.017～7939, Rev 1)
[10] 金以慧.过程控制[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993.14～28
[11] Chein, Reiy U, Huang Guanming. Thermoelectric cooler application in electronic cooling, 2004. 2207～2217
[12] R.. M. Weber, D. C. Price (March, 21, 1995). Thermal control system(U. S. Patent)
[13] 章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1999.25～88
[14] Bergles, A. E. Evolution of cooling technology for electrical, elcctronlc and microelectronic equipmeni. 2003, 26(1): 6～15
[15] J, Palmorz, Stability Properties of Smith dead time compensator controller. 1980. 32(6): 937～949.
[16] 姜孝华.电焊机的单片微机专家智能控制.西南交通大学学报.1994.29(5):36～39
[17] 彭祖林,邓罗根,刘细华.用于测量体温的无线实时监测系统的设计与实现.微计算机信息.2005.(1):41～43
[18] 江贵平.配料控制器的研究与开发:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学交通信息工程及控制,2003
[19] 黎洪生,张英.基于单片机的无磁传感水表的设计.传感器与微技术,2006.3:54～56
[20] 张浠,王得银,张晨,MSP430系列单片机实用C语言程序设计,北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.1～16
[21] Texas Instruments Incorporated. Msp430xlxx Family User's Guide http://www.-msp430.com,2003
[22] 熊为霞,谭文若.串行接口LED数码管及键盘管理器件ZLG7289A的原理与应用.国外电子元器件,2004.17(4):64～66
[23] 段文杰.基于USB11的高速数据采集系统.[硕士学位论文]太原:太原理工大学,2005
[24] XN06-Ⅳ四通道血凝仪使用说明书.ELF Biochemical analyzer Limited Company
[25] PCF8563 Real-time clock/calendar Product specification.Philips Electronics N. V. 1999, 16 April 1999
[26] SN74LVC4245A OCTAL BUS TRANSCEIVER AND 3.3-V TO 5-V SHIFTER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS. SCAS375D-MARCH 1994-REVISED JUNE 1998
[27] 3. 0V to 5.5 V Low-Power, up to 1Mbps,True RS-232 Transceivers Using Four 0.1 uF External Capacitors. 2003 Maxim Integrated Products
[28] Interfacing the 3-V MSP430 to 5-V Circuits. http:www.msp430.com
[29] Single-Ended,Rail-to-Rail I/O,Low Gain PGA manual. 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
[30] Signle/Dual Digital Potentiometer with SPI Interface. 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
[31] 蒋根深,张明亮,解旭辉,李圣怡.基于DSl8820的数字式温度控制系统.控制工程,2003.10(5):419～432
[32] 沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机实践与系统设计,北京:清华大学出版社,21305.1～17
[33] 向金凤.燃料电池发动机控制系统的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学自动化系,2005
[34] 何青.基于嵌入式系统的超声波流量计设计及实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学自动化系,200:5
[35] 周立功单片机.ZLG7289B串行接口LED数码管及键柱管理器件数据手册.http://www.zlgmcu.com
[36] 韩玉芹,祖先锋.ADSP2181与液晶显示模块SMC1602B.电子设计应用,2003.16(4):54～56
[37] 伍家满,虞礼贞等.基于1-Wire接口的总线技术及其应用.南昌大学,2005.17(5):64～66
[38] 马飞,陆林越.生化分析仪的分析方法,医疗卫生设备,2003.10(2):31～34
[39] Harvey b. Lipman, J. Rex Astles, Estimating the Linear Analytic Range. Clinica Chimica Acta 282(19999) 15～34
[40] Neal S. Latman, Roger Lanier, Expressions of Accuracy in the Evaluation of Biomedical Instrumentation. Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology. 19—98. 5/6, 282～288
[41] 卢兴平,程江波.临床医学分析仪器的实验数据处理方法的应用.中国医学装备,2004.26(2):11～13