基于场景的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法研究
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摘要
红外焦平面阵列是目前红外成像系统的主要探测器件。而红外焦平面阵列本身存在的非均匀性响应在很大程度上限制了系统的探测性能。实时、有效的非均匀性校正方法是红外成像系统研制中的关键技术。本文对红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正方法展开了深入探讨及研究,重点是针对基于场景的非均匀校正方法的研究。
文中首先概述了红外焦平面阵列非均匀性的基本原理;分析了红外焦平面阵列成像系统非均匀性产生的机理;对成像系统响应的特点进行了阐述,重点分析了红外焦平面阵列的非线性响应曲线模型,以“S”型曲线响应模型代替线性响应模型,这更逼近探测器单元的真实响应特性。
将典型的基于两点温度定标的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法引入到场景中,提出一种基于场景的最小二乘拟合非均匀性校正算法,该算法可以用任意运动场景直接进行最小二乘拟合校正,而不需要事先用标准参考源进行标定;对非均匀性校正的结果给出了几种定量的科学技术评价指标;从仿真结果中可以看出,该算法能够达到令人满意校正效果。
对基于人工神经网络的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法进行了研究。在此基础上提出了可变学习速度反向传播算法和最优学习步长反向传播算法。可变学习速度反向传播算法可以视具体情况适当改变反向传播的学习速度,从而加快达到稳定。最优学习步长反向传播算法利用黄金分割搜索法选择最佳的学习步长,可以在最短的迭代次数内达到期望目标。由仿真结果可以看出,两种算法都能达到比较理想的校正效果。
分析比较了上述三种改进的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正方法,从而验证了三种校正方法的有效性及适用性。
Now Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA) is the main detector in infrared imaging system. But the nonuniformity response existed in IRFPA restricts the detection performance of the system greatly. Real time and effective of the Nonuniformity Correction algorithm become the key technique of studying infrared imaging system. Discussion and study of nonuniformity response method is deeply developed in this paper in detail. And the keystone is the study of Nonuniformity Correction algorithm based the scene.
In this paper firstly the elements of the nonuniformity in the IRFPA is summarize; secondly the generation principle of the nonuniformity in the IRFPA and the characteristics of the infrared imaging system response are analyzed. Analysis is focused on the nonlinear response curve model of infrared focal plane arrays. "S" curve response model replaces the linear response model and makes it more similar to the true response of detector module.
The IRFPA Nonuniformity Correction algorithm based on the two-point temperature picketage is used in the scene. The least squares fitting Nonuniformity Correction algorithm based on scene is held out. The least squares fitting correction can directly be carried on using any moving scene by the algorithm. The picketage is not necessary with standard reference source in advance. Some measurable assessment indexes were given to the result of the Nonuniformity Correction. The algorithm’s effectiveness and superiority were verified by simulation.
After the research on Nonuniformity Correction in IRFPA base on artificial neural networks, variable learning rate backpropagation and classic learning step-length backpropagation are put forward. Variable learning rate backpropagation could change learning rate of backpropagation to quicken the speed to get stable in peculiar situation. Classic learning step-length backpropagation selects the prime step-length by golden section search method, and could achieve the expect result in the least times of iteration. The effectiveness and superiority of two algorithms were verified by simulation.
Simulation experiments were performed. The comparison is done among three above-mentioned algorithms, the effectiveness and adaptability of the three algorithms are validated by the simulation experiments.
文中首先概述了红外焦平面阵列非均匀性的基本原理;分析了红外焦平面阵列成像系统非均匀性产生的机理;对成像系统响应的特点进行了阐述,重点分析了红外焦平面阵列的非线性响应曲线模型,以“S”型曲线响应模型代替线性响应模型,这更逼近探测器单元的真实响应特性。
将典型的基于两点温度定标的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法引入到场景中,提出一种基于场景的最小二乘拟合非均匀性校正算法,该算法可以用任意运动场景直接进行最小二乘拟合校正,而不需要事先用标准参考源进行标定;对非均匀性校正的结果给出了几种定量的科学技术评价指标;从仿真结果中可以看出,该算法能够达到令人满意校正效果。
对基于人工神经网络的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法进行了研究。在此基础上提出了可变学习速度反向传播算法和最优学习步长反向传播算法。可变学习速度反向传播算法可以视具体情况适当改变反向传播的学习速度,从而加快达到稳定。最优学习步长反向传播算法利用黄金分割搜索法选择最佳的学习步长,可以在最短的迭代次数内达到期望目标。由仿真结果可以看出,两种算法都能达到比较理想的校正效果。
分析比较了上述三种改进的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正方法,从而验证了三种校正方法的有效性及适用性。
Now Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA) is the main detector in infrared imaging system. But the nonuniformity response existed in IRFPA restricts the detection performance of the system greatly. Real time and effective of the Nonuniformity Correction algorithm become the key technique of studying infrared imaging system. Discussion and study of nonuniformity response method is deeply developed in this paper in detail. And the keystone is the study of Nonuniformity Correction algorithm based the scene.
In this paper firstly the elements of the nonuniformity in the IRFPA is summarize; secondly the generation principle of the nonuniformity in the IRFPA and the characteristics of the infrared imaging system response are analyzed. Analysis is focused on the nonlinear response curve model of infrared focal plane arrays. "S" curve response model replaces the linear response model and makes it more similar to the true response of detector module.
The IRFPA Nonuniformity Correction algorithm based on the two-point temperature picketage is used in the scene. The least squares fitting Nonuniformity Correction algorithm based on scene is held out. The least squares fitting correction can directly be carried on using any moving scene by the algorithm. The picketage is not necessary with standard reference source in advance. Some measurable assessment indexes were given to the result of the Nonuniformity Correction. The algorithm’s effectiveness and superiority were verified by simulation.
After the research on Nonuniformity Correction in IRFPA base on artificial neural networks, variable learning rate backpropagation and classic learning step-length backpropagation are put forward. Variable learning rate backpropagation could change learning rate of backpropagation to quicken the speed to get stable in peculiar situation. Classic learning step-length backpropagation selects the prime step-length by golden section search method, and could achieve the expect result in the least times of iteration. The effectiveness and superiority of two algorithms were verified by simulation.
Simulation experiments were performed. The comparison is done among three above-mentioned algorithms, the effectiveness and adaptability of the three algorithms are validated by the simulation experiments.
引文
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2 A.Goldberg, K.K.Choi, M.Jhabvala, et al. Large Format and Multi-Spectral QWIP infrared Focal Plane Arrays. The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2003,5074:83~94
3 A.N.Dills, K.Gross, G.P.Perram, et al. Detonation Discrimination Techniques Using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer System and a Near-Infrared Focal Plane Array. The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2003,5075:208~216
4 Mingjun Zhao, Huizhen Cheng, Yongzhao Hu. Study of the Optical Signal Detection Reflected by the Infrared Scanning Imaging Systems. Journal of Xidian University. 2006,33(1):66~70
5 R.Breiter.用于校正焦平面阵列组件非均匀性的硬件与软件.红外. 2001,(4):18~24
6祝永坚,陈钱.红外焦平面阵列非均匀性实时校正技术研究.红外. 2005,(12):1~4
7 D.B.Beasley, D.A.Saylor. Application of Multiple IR Projector Technologies for AMCOM HWIL Simulations. The International Society for Optical Engineering. 1999,3679:223~231
8 S.D.Gunapala, S.V.Bandara, J.K.Liu, et al. Large Format Narrow-Band Multi-Band and Broad-Band Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector Focal Plane Arrays for Remote Sensing. The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2006,6180:618003
9张小军,赵亦工.红外焦平面非均匀校正的综合处理算法.红外技术. 2003,25(6):34~38
10李言旭,刘银年.红外探测系统的非均匀性校正算法研究.红外. 2004,(11):21~26
11 D.L.Perry. 2-D*: A New Focal Plane Array Figure of Merit. SPIE. 1992,1762:308~312
12 J.A.Dawson, E.J.Borg, G.L.Duykers, et al. Proposed Standard for IRFPANonuniformity Measurements. SPIE. 1994,2224:62~71
13 J.M.Mooney, F.D.Shepherd. Characterizing IRFPA Nonuniformity and IR Camera Spatial Noise. Infrared Physics & Technology. 1996,37(5):595~606
14李松.红外焦平面器件的非均匀性校正算法研究.红外. 2005:32~38
15 Liquan Dong, Weiqi Jin, Jing Sui, et al. Summarize on the Scene-Based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithms for IRFPA. The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2005,5881:1~10
16高云,邬鸣敏,周起勃等.凝视红外焦平面CCD非均匀性校正.红外与毫米波学报. 1993,12(3):169~176
17殷世民,刘上乾.基于低次插值的红外焦平面器件非均匀性多点校正算法.光子学报. 2002,31(16):715~718
18陈锐,谈新权.红外图像非均匀性校正方法综述.红外技术. 2002,24(1):1~3
19杨正兴,谈新权,尚小冬.红外焦平面非均匀性校正算法研究与实现.红外技术. 2004,26(3):11~14
20 Huixin Zhou, Rui Lai, Shangqian Liu. New Improved Nonuniformity Correction for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays. Optics Communications. 2005,245(3):49~53
21 Huixin Zhou, Shangqian Liu, Rui Lai. Solution for the Nonuniformity Correction of Infrared Focal Plane Arrays. Applied Optics. 2005,44(15):2928~2932
22石岩,张天序,王岳环等.红外焦平面非均匀性两点校正法分析及FPGA实现.激光与红外. 2005,35(2):100~103
23刘会通,易新建.红外焦平面阵列非均匀性的两点校正及依据.红外与激光工程. 2004,33(1):76~78
24 A.F.Milton, F.R.Barone. Influence of Nonuniformity on Infrared Focal Plane Array Performance. Optical Engineering, 1985,24(5):855~862
25 Yu Wang, Qian Chen, Dekui Yin , et al. Real-Time Nonuniformity Correction Technique for Infrared Image. Journal of Infrared Millimeter Wave. 1999,18(2):151~155
26王跃明,陈建新,刘银年等.红外焦平面器件两点多段非均匀性校正算法研究.红外与毫米波学报. 2003,22(6):415~418
27周金梅,邢廷文,林妩媚.红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正的精度分析.光子学报. 2005,34(11):1681~1683
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