建设工程项目施工安全精细化评价研究
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摘要
建设工程项目的施工安全问题一直是困扰施工企业的最大难题,对施工安全的评价、预防和控制,是解决施工安全难题的重要手段,而能够对一个建设工程项目进行有效精确的安全评价,是保证施工企业进行安全生产的首要任务和工作重点。
迄今为止,对一个建设工程项目进行施工安全评价有许多种科学有效的方法,但很少有从评价角度对施工安全危害中的四大伤害类型进行细致的研究。本文通过对安全生产管理制度、资质、机构与人员管理、安全技术管理、设备与设施管理的评价,得到对高处坠落、触电事故、物体打击、机械伤害各自不同的控制水平,能够针对不同危害进行有侧重的安全预防和安全控制。这就是精细化安全评价的目的,而整个评价过程,是通过施工安全精细化评价模型的计算机程序来实现的。
本文的主要工作有:首先介绍了国内外安全评价的理论和方法,并根据国内建设工程项目的实际情况,提出了施工安全精细化评价的方法;然后建立了施工安全精细化评价的指标,总结出输入指标和输出指标的联系;接着利用故障树分析法计算出输入指标和输出指标的数学关系和权重;然后运用模糊综合评价法将输入指标数据转化为输出指标数据,并把对应输入数据和输出数据配对成样本数据;再然后通过BP人工神经网络构建了施工安全精细化评价模型;最后利用MATLAB语言编制实现评价模型的程序系统,并用收集到的数据通过程序系统进行实证研究。
The issue of construction project safety has been a biggest problem which troubled construction enterprises for a long time. The way of evaluation, prevention and control of construction safety is an important mean of solving the problem of security. So the effective and accurate safety evaluation to a construction project is the priority and focus of ensuring construction enterprises to production safety.
So far, there are many scientific and effective ways of safety evaluation on a construction project, but few do meticulous research to the four types of injury in the construction from the perspective of the safety evaluation. By the evaluation of safe producing management institution, agencies accreditation and personnel management, security technology management, equipment and facilities management, the article get the control level of height fall, electrocution accident, against objects and mechanical damage, then we can easily prevent and control the different kinds of injury. This is the purpose of the detailed safety evaluation, and the whole evaluation process, through a computer program of construction safety evaluation model to achieve.
The main work of this article: First, introducing the theory and methods of security evaluation on the internal and external, and propose in accordance with the actual situation. Second, establishing the indicators of the detailed evaluation of construction project safety, and summing up the relationship of input and output indicators. Third, using fault tree analysis to calculate the mathematical relations and weights of the input and output indicators. Fourth, translating the input data into output data by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and matching the sample data with the input data and the corresponding output data. Fifth, constructing the detailed evaluation model by BP artificial neural network. Last, using MATLAB language to program a system to achieve the procedure, and doing empirical research with the data collected through the system.
迄今为止,对一个建设工程项目进行施工安全评价有许多种科学有效的方法,但很少有从评价角度对施工安全危害中的四大伤害类型进行细致的研究。本文通过对安全生产管理制度、资质、机构与人员管理、安全技术管理、设备与设施管理的评价,得到对高处坠落、触电事故、物体打击、机械伤害各自不同的控制水平,能够针对不同危害进行有侧重的安全预防和安全控制。这就是精细化安全评价的目的,而整个评价过程,是通过施工安全精细化评价模型的计算机程序来实现的。
本文的主要工作有:首先介绍了国内外安全评价的理论和方法,并根据国内建设工程项目的实际情况,提出了施工安全精细化评价的方法;然后建立了施工安全精细化评价的指标,总结出输入指标和输出指标的联系;接着利用故障树分析法计算出输入指标和输出指标的数学关系和权重;然后运用模糊综合评价法将输入指标数据转化为输出指标数据,并把对应输入数据和输出数据配对成样本数据;再然后通过BP人工神经网络构建了施工安全精细化评价模型;最后利用MATLAB语言编制实现评价模型的程序系统,并用收集到的数据通过程序系统进行实证研究。
The issue of construction project safety has been a biggest problem which troubled construction enterprises for a long time. The way of evaluation, prevention and control of construction safety is an important mean of solving the problem of security. So the effective and accurate safety evaluation to a construction project is the priority and focus of ensuring construction enterprises to production safety.
So far, there are many scientific and effective ways of safety evaluation on a construction project, but few do meticulous research to the four types of injury in the construction from the perspective of the safety evaluation. By the evaluation of safe producing management institution, agencies accreditation and personnel management, security technology management, equipment and facilities management, the article get the control level of height fall, electrocution accident, against objects and mechanical damage, then we can easily prevent and control the different kinds of injury. This is the purpose of the detailed safety evaluation, and the whole evaluation process, through a computer program of construction safety evaluation model to achieve.
The main work of this article: First, introducing the theory and methods of security evaluation on the internal and external, and propose in accordance with the actual situation. Second, establishing the indicators of the detailed evaluation of construction project safety, and summing up the relationship of input and output indicators. Third, using fault tree analysis to calculate the mathematical relations and weights of the input and output indicators. Fourth, translating the input data into output data by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and matching the sample data with the input data and the corresponding output data. Fifth, constructing the detailed evaluation model by BP artificial neural network. Last, using MATLAB language to program a system to achieve the procedure, and doing empirical research with the data collected through the system.
引文
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22蒋峰等.建设项目劳动安全评价中危险有害因素的辨识.安全管理. 2004, (11):17~19
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27 Cepin M, Mavko B. A Dynamic Fault Tree. Reliability Eng Syst Saf. 2002, (75):83~91
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37汪培庄.模糊集合论及其应用.上海:上海科技出版社, 1983:12~56
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40 Jihui Yang, Bingyuan Cao. Monomial Geometric Program Ming with Fuzzy Relation Equation Constraints. Fuzzy Optim Decis Making. 2007, (6): 337~349
41 X.Liu, K.W.Wirtz. Decision Making of Oil Spill Contingency Options with Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. Water Resour Manage. 2007, (21): 663~676
42艾志久,金雪梅等.模糊评判方法在井漏安全评价中的运用.石油机械. 2008, 36(3):25~48
43孟宏睿.基于BP神经网络的工程项目安全耐久性评价.陕西工学院学报. 2004, 20(1):48~50
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2 Lings, Svend, Jorn Jensen. The Hartford Loss Control Department. Owner’s Responsibility to Construction. Technical Information Paper Series, 2002: 126~140
3汤小凝.建筑施工安全评价体系探究.建材技术与应用. 2008, (3):40~42
4建设部.全国全国建筑施工安全生产形式分析报告(2007年度), 2007
5刘小文.应用系统观点分析建筑施工安全事故问题.山西建筑. 2007, 33(1):196~197
6顾勇军,蒋剑.新起点期待新突破.建筑安全. 2007, (3):21~24
7黄家平.如何堵住建筑施工安全伤亡事故的源头.科技资讯. 2006, (4): 17~18
8杨力,姜秀慧,刘志强,邢娟娟.建设项目安全评价与职业病危害评价对比分析.中国安全生产科学技术. 2008, 4(2):118~121
9王凯全,应惠亚,李强,王鸣军.建筑安全性能评价指标的重要度研究.江苏工业学院学报. 2007, 19(4):56~59
10王广亮.安全评价系列讲座.安全健康和环境. 2001, (2):15~16
11位鑫,英晶光,王宝,王宇航.我国安全评价制度发展现状调查.安全. 2008, (4):15~18
12陆君花.浅析安全评价方法的选择、运用和完善.化工文摘. 2008, (2): 55~57
13赵登峰,王晶禹.浅谈企业中的多级模糊安全综合评价方法.机械管理开发. 2008, 24(2):106~107
14 Sangoub Lee, Daniel W. Halpin. Predictive Tool for Estimating Accident Risk. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2003, 128(4): 452~457
15 Richard J. Schedule for Construction Safety. Construction Safety and Health Management the new Jorsey Prentice Hall. 2000, (3):194~200
16 Lawrence Bodin, Saul I.Gass. On Teaching the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Computers & Operations Research. 2003, (30):1487~1497
17肖贵平,朱晓宁.交通安全工程.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2004: 167~174
18 Bjorn Johs, Kolltveit, Kjell Gronhaug. The Importance of Early Phase: the Case of Construction and Building Projects. International Journal of Project Management. 2004, (22):545~551
19 S. Thomas Nga, Kam Pong Chenga, R. Martin Skitmoreb. A Framework for Evaluating the Safety Performance of Construction Contractors. Australia Building and Environment. 2005, (40):1347~1355
20 K.T.Odusami, R.R.O.Iyagba, M.M.Omirin. The Relationship Between Leadership, Team Composition and Construction Project Performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Project Management. 2003, (21):519~527
21 Florence Yean, Yng Ling. How Project Managers Can Better Control the Performance of Design-build Project. International Journal of Project Management. 2004, (22):477~488
22蒋峰等.建设项目劳动安全评价中危险有害因素的辨识.安全管理. 2004, (11):17~19
23张明轩,朱月娇,翟玉杰.建筑工程高处坠落事故的故障树分析方法研究.煤炭工程. 2008, (2):112~114
24陆福春,张洪尧,张兴才.故障树分析技术在建筑施工安全管理中的应用.沙洲职业工学院学报. 2006, 9(2):4~10
25李建平,余建.模糊故障树分析方法在工程质量风险分析中的应用.水利水电技术. 2008, 39(2):45~48
26杨林娟,沈士明.基于粗糙集理论的故障树重要度分析.南京工业大学学报. 2007, 9(1):60~64
27 Cepin M, Mavko B. A Dynamic Fault Tree. Reliability Eng Syst Saf. 2002, (75):83~91
28 Jerker Hammarberg, Simin Nadjm-Tehrani. Formal Verification of Fault Tolerance in Safety-critical Reconfigurable Modules. Int J Softw Tools Technol Transfer. 2005, (7):268~279
29杨纶标,高英仪.模糊数学原理及应用.广州:华南理工大学出版社, 2002:101~120
30田元福,李慧民.施工现场安全综合模糊评价模型与方法研究.兰州交通大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, 24(1):91~95
31徐海丽,袁大祥.基于模糊数学的工程项目风险分析.科技情报开发与经济. 2008, 18(1):134~135
32龚波涛.模糊数学理论在安全评价工作中的运用.电力安全技术. 2004, 4(2):10~12
33李艳玫,高峰.建筑施工安全状况的模糊评判方法.建筑施工. 2006, 28(9):751~753
34 Wang L X, Mendel J M. Fuzzy Basis Functions, Universal Approximation, and Orthogonal Least Squares Learning. IEEE Trans on Neural Networks, 1992, 3(5):807~817
35 G Annadurai, S Rajesh Babu. Mathematical Modeling of Phenol Degradation System Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. Bioprocess Engineering. 2000, (23):599~606
36王季方,卢正鼎.模糊控制中隶属度函数的确定方法.河南科学. 2000, 18(4):348~351
37汪培庄.模糊集合论及其应用.上海:上海科技出版社, 1983:12~56
38狄建华.模糊数学理论在建筑安全综合评价中的应用.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版). 2002, 30(7):87~98
39刘智慧.基于模糊数学理论的系统安全评价模型.电力信息化. 2004, 2(7):75~77
40 Jihui Yang, Bingyuan Cao. Monomial Geometric Program Ming with Fuzzy Relation Equation Constraints. Fuzzy Optim Decis Making. 2007, (6): 337~349
41 X.Liu, K.W.Wirtz. Decision Making of Oil Spill Contingency Options with Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. Water Resour Manage. 2007, (21): 663~676
42艾志久,金雪梅等.模糊评判方法在井漏安全评价中的运用.石油机械. 2008, 36(3):25~48
43孟宏睿.基于BP神经网络的工程项目安全耐久性评价.陕西工学院学报. 2004, 20(1):48~50
44王三明,蒋军成,姜慧.基于人工神经网络理论的系统安全评价.工业安全与防尘. 2007, 27(2):27~30
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