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当代中国青年知识分子社会意识形态引领与实践
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摘要
党的十八大报告明确指出:“中国特色社会主义事业是面向未来的事业,需要一代又一代有志青年接续奋斗。全党都要关注青年、关心青年、关爱青年,倾听青年心声,鼓励青年成长,支持青年创业。”而青年知识分子又是当代青年中的优秀群体,他们思维敏捷,接受新事物快,正在学习和已经掌握了大量的现代化的科学技术,是中国特色社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。当代中国青年知识分子群体以“80后”、“90后”的独生子女为主体,又经历了中国改革开放,市场经济快速发展,社会经济、政治、文化发生深刻变革时期,与此同时,经济全球化浪潮、网络信息技术发展和西方的文化渗透,都使青年知识分子的社会意识形态发生了深刻变化。
     本文从马克思主义经典作家的青年知识分子理论入手,对中国共产党的青年知识分子理论进行了历史考察;从意识形态的本源去界定意识形态的科学含义和意识形态的功能,阐明了意识形态的类型,区分了主流意识形态和非主流意识形态,阐述了马克思主义经典作家的意识形态理论,探寻了中国共产党意识形态理论的演进与发展轨迹。
     本文从政治观、价值观、人生观、婚恋观、道德观和社会责任感六个层面来分析当代青年知识分子社会意识形态的状况,青年知识分子社会意识形态是积极方面和消极方面并存,理想主义与功利主义相伴,传统思想与现代意识共生;同时,又分析了俄罗斯和东欧国家的青年知识分子在苏东剧变之后政治观、价值观、婚恋观和宗教观的变化;介绍了美国、澳大利亚、日本青年知识分子的政治观、价值观和婚恋观。国外青年知识分子社会意识形态的现状,犹如一面镜子,时刻警示我们借鉴经验、吸取教训、规避失误。在此基础上,本文从四个方面深入分析了影响青年知识分子社会意识形态变化的基本因素。经济上,经济全球化势不可挡、社会主义市场经济的快速发展、社会转型期带来了经济上的巨大变化;政治上,苏东剧变,社会主义国家走出低迷出现的新起色、当代资本主义的新发展、社资关系的新变化带来的政治上的影响;文化上,中国文化发展迟缓,西方文化渗透迅速,势不可挡的网络文化在中国并行;社会因素上,社会保障水平低,教育发展不平衡,就业结构矛盾突出和收入分配差距拉大。
     据此,本文提出了青年知识分子社会意识形态引领的必然性与紧迫性以及必须坚持的先进性与广泛性、主导性与多样性、普适性与包容性、目的因与动力因相结合的原则。通过政治、经济、文化和社会途径,提出以马克思主义为指导,提高社会主义意识形态的引导能力,大力推进社会主义核心价值体系建设以引领社会思潮。进一步探索了青年知识分子社会意识形态引领实践,提出要在实践中不断提高青年知识分子的政治认同、不断培育青年知识分子的价值观念以强化青年知识分子的社会共识和不断夯实践行社会主义意识形态的文化基础。本文为今后深化青年知识分子社会意识形态问题的研究提供了有益借鉴和参考。
The report to the Eighteenth National Congress clearly points out:“Thesocialism with Chinese characteristics is a great future oriented career, and it needscontinuous efforts of generations of young people. The whole party should focus onthe young people, care about them, listen to their voices, encourage their growth, andsupport the youth in starting businesses with enterprising spirit.” Young intellectualsare one excellent group of the youth today, they have quick mind, adapt to newthings fast, and they also study and master lots of modern science and technology.They are the builders and the successors of socialism with Chinese characteristics.The only child in1980s and1990s are the main group of today’s young intellectuals.They experienced the period of the China’s reform and opening up and the rapiddevelopment with market economy, economy, politics, and culture changes;meanwhile, their social ideology is changed by the tide of economic globalization,the development of the Internet information technology, and the Western culturalpermeation profoundly.
     Starting from the Marxism classic theory, this thesis reviewed the history of thetheory of young intellectuals of the Communist Party of China. In this thesis, thereare also the scientific meaning and the function of ideology from the origin ofideology, the types of the ideology, the difference between the mainstream ideologyand non-mainstream ideology, the analysis of the ideology theory of the Marxismclassic writers, and the exploration of the evolution and development of ChineseCommunist ideology theory.
     This thesis analyzes the contemporary young intellectuals from six aspects-thepolitical view, values, outlook on life, love and marriage, morality and socialresponsibility. The social ideological group of young intellectuals has the positiveand negative aspects, the idealism and utilitarianism, and the traditional thoughts and modern consciousness symbiosis. Meanwhile, it also introduces the changes of thepolitical outlook, values, concept of love and marriage, and religious view of theyoung intellectuals in Russian and Eastern European countries after their revulsion,and the American, Australian, Japanese young intellectuals’ political outlook, valuesand marriage status. The social ideology of foreign young intellectuals, like a mirror,is reminding us to learn from the experiences and lessons and avoid mistakes. Basedon the above analyses, it studies the basic factors that affecting the changes of socialideology of young intellectuals from four aspects. From the economy aspect, itincludes the economic globalization, the socialism market economy, and the hugeimpact on the economy of the social transformation. From the political aspect, itincludes the new start appeared after the socialism countries came out from theslump, the new development of the present capitalism, and the political influence ofthe new changes of the socialism and capitalism relationship. From the culturalaspect, it includes the slow development of Chinese culture, the infiltration of thewestern culture, and the rapid growth of network culture. From the social aspect, itincludes the low level of social security, the unbalance of education development, theconflict of the employment structure, and the enlargement of income distributiondifferences.
     Therefore, the thesis proposes that the young intellectuals’ social ideology hasthe necessity and urgency, progressiveness and universality, dominance and diversity,generality and compatibility, and objective and motivation. Through the political,economic, cultural, and social channels, it proposes that under the guideline of theMarxism, the socialism ideology guiding capacity should be improved; theconstruction of the socialism core value system should be vigorously promoted tolead the social trend of thought. Furthermore, it explores that young intellectuals’social ideology should lead the practice. The political identity of young intellectualsshould be constantly enhanced in the practice, the social consensus should bestrengthened, and the young intellectual values should be cultivated. It has a solidand cultural foundation for the practice of social ideology. This thesis provides aneffective reference to enhance the study of the social ideology of young intellectuals.
引文
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