火针疗法治疗颈型颈椎病的临床研究
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摘要
颈椎病是康复科临床的一种常见病、多发病,颈型颈椎病是颈椎病中较早期的一种类型,临床最常见,以青壮年患者为多,此病的发生多与现代人工作学习的方式和生活因素有关(长时间操作电脑,长期低头伏案工作等),临床表现以头、项、肩、臂的疼痛为主,X线片上没有椎间隙狭窄等明显的退行性改变,但可有颈椎生理曲度的改变,椎体间的不稳定及轻度的骨质增生等变化。目前普遍认为,颈型颈椎病症状的发生原因是由于颈椎不断承受各种负荷、劳损或者意外损伤,从而导致椎间张力下降、椎间松动不稳。椎关节的失稳,一方面会直接引起颈部各肌群间的失平衡,从而引起肌肉的防御性痉挛;另一方面又会引起椎间出血水肿,直接刺激分布于椎间周围的窦椎神经末梢,使颈部出现酸、胀、痛等临床症状。随着社会的发展和电脑的日渐普及,人们学习和工作的方式随之发生了很大的变化,颈型颈椎病的发病率逐年上升,且发病年龄日渐年轻化,严重的影响了人们的工作以及生活质量,对人类的健康造成了越来越大的威胁。目的:
     本研究运用临床科研方法学及数理统计分析方法,采用标准化的NPQ颈痛量表、Mcgill疼痛量表、Vernon颈部废用指数、颈部表面肌电功率谱的MF(中位频率)值等量表及指标来开展临床疗效评价,观察火针疗法治疗颈型颈椎病的临床效果,并客观评价火针疗法对颈型颈椎病患者颈痛、颈肌紧张度及颈部活动能力的影响,以求科学地评价火针疗法治疗颈型颈椎病的有效性和安全性,建立一套规范的、临床疗效确切的颈型颈椎病火针治疗方案,为火针疗法治疗颈型颈椎病提供有力的科学证据。方法:
     来自中山市中医院针灸门诊,可以作为合格受试者的颈型颈椎病患者60例,按随机数字表法分为两组,治疗组(采用火针治疗)30例,对照组(采用普通针刺治疗)30例。具体如下:首先通过操作SAS统计分析软件得出随机数字,然后由研究人员制成随机分配卡片,加信封密封,信封序号与卡片序号相同。合格病例进入试验时,按其进入的先后次序,拆开号码相同的信封,按信封内卡片规定的分组进行治疗。
     治疗组:采用火针治疗。取穴:风池、颈百劳、肩井、阿是穴。在穴位处用安尔碘进行局部消毒。消毒完毕,在穴位上涂以跌打万花油,点燃酒精灯,左手将酒精灯端起,靠近针刺穴位,右手以握笔状持细火针(江苏东方针灸器械厂生产),将针尖针体置入酒精灯外焰烧至白亮,用烧红的针体迅速刺入穴位,并快速拔出,时间大约是1/10秒,出针后用消毒干棉球按压针孔止血,然后再涂上跌打万花油保护创面。风池穴向鼻尖方向进针,针入3分深;颈百劳直刺进针,针入8分深;肩井穴斜刺进针,针入3分深。阿是穴根据具体穴位所在位置决定针刺角度及深度。上述诸穴的进针深度可根据患者肥瘦情况适当调整。5日1次,3次为一疗程(入组当天一次,第5天一次,第10天一次)。二个疗程后进行各项评定,疗程间休息5天。二个疗程后进行各项评定。
     对照组:采用普通针刺治疗。取穴:同治疗组。患者取端坐位,针刺穴位常规消毒后,采用0.3×40mm毫针(苏州针灸用品有限公司生产,环球牌无菌针灸针)垂直皮肤进针,刺入穴位深度依穴位部位、体型胖瘦而定,每个穴位采用提插捻转的平补平泻手法,运针至得气后接上海产6805-A型电针仪,采用密波,留针30分钟。每日1次,10次为一疗程。二个疗程后进行各项评定,疗程间休息5天。
     采用标准化的NPQ颈痛量表、Mcgill疼痛量表、Vernon颈椎废用指数、颈部表面肌电功率谱的MF(中位频率)值等量表及指标来开展临床疗效评价,对治疗组和对照组均进行两组治疗自身对照以及组间对照。
     应用SPSS19.0统计软件对课题所得数据进行分析和处理。属于计量资料的,以均数+标准差来表示;属于计数资料的比较,则用卡方检验;组内治疗的前后比较,用配对t检验;组间疗效的比较,用独立样本t检验。p<0.05为统计学差异有显著性意义,p<0.01为统计学差异有非常显著性意义。
     成果:
     (1)来自中山市中医院针灸门诊,可以作为合格受试者的颈型颈椎病患者60例,按随机数字表法分为两组,治疗组(采用火针治疗)30例,对照组(采用普通针刺治疗)30例。治疗前两组患者的年龄、性别、病程等一般资料比较,经统计学分析,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组受试者具有可比性。
     (2)临床疗效:治疗组30例中,治愈10例,好转18例,未愈2例,总有效率93.33%;对照组30例中,治愈5例,好转18例,未愈7例,总有效率76.67%。两组治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组疗效差异经秩和检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),火针疗法治疗颈型颈椎病的总有效率优于普通针刺治疗。
     (3)两组治疗后Mcgill疼痛量表评分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),两组间治疗后评分比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。
     (4)两组治疗后NPQ颈痛量表评分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),两组间治疗后评分比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。
     (5)两组治疗后Vernon颈椎废用指数评分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),两组间治疗后评分比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。
     (6)两组治疗后斜方肌表面肌电中位频率MF值较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),两组间治疗后数值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
     (7)两组治疗后胸锁乳突肌表面肌电中位频率MF值较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),组间治疗后数值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
     结论:
     火针法和普通针刺法均能有效改善颈型颈椎病患者的临床症状,对治疗颈型颈椎病都具有良好的疗效,可明显减轻颈型颈椎病患者的颈痛症状,降低其颈肌紧张度,改善其颈部活动能力,均是治疗颈型颈椎病的安全、有效的治疗方法。且火针疗法优于普通针刺疗法,值得临床推广运用。但两组治疗后斜方肌和胸锁乳突肌表面肌电中位频率MF值的差值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示火针疗法和普通针刺治疗在改善斜方肌和胸锁乳突肌表面肌电MF值方面效果相近。
Cervical spondylosis is a common, and frequently occurring disease of the Rehabilitation Apartment, especially the neck type, which happens earlier and more frequently than other types of cervical spondylosis. Among the patients of this type, there are many youth, who suffer from the new working and studying type or other life factors, such as operating computers or bow desk work for a long time. The clinical performances mainly include the pain of head, neck, shoulder and arm. X—ray reports show no vertebral gap narrow, or other obvious changes of degeneration, but changes of cervical physiological curvature, vertebral instability and mild hyperostosis still can be seen. Nowadays, the course of The cervical type cervical spondylosis is basically concerned with the damage of the cervical spine by continual stess, strain or accidental injury which decrease the spine tension and stability. Once the cervical spine becomes unstable, on one hand, the various muscle groups in the heck would be unbalanced, thus giving rise to the defensive muscle spasm; on the other hand, it would cause vertebral hemorrhage edema, so that the spinal nerve endings surrounding the spinal sinus would be irritated, leading to aching paid or other symptoms. With the development of society and the growing popularity of computers, people's study and work have been great changed. The incident rate of The cervical type cervical spondylosis is ncreasing,on the same time, there are more younger age risking of this disease. The cervical type cervical spondylosis has seriously affected people's work and life quality, causind a growing threat to the health of human beings.
     Objective
     The study use clinical scientific research methodology, mathematical statistical analysis method, standardized NPQ neck pain scale, Mcgill pain scale, Verson neck waste index, and methods of MF (in the bit frequency) of cervical surface myoelectricity power spectrum in order to develop the clinical effect evaluation, observe the effect of fire needle treating the neck type of cervical spondylosis, and objective evaluate the fire needle therapy on neck type cervical disease patients's neck pain, neck muscle tension degrees and the neck activities. With the study, the efficacy and safety of the fire needle treatment for the neck type cervical disease can be evaluated scientifically, so that the standardized programme for fire needle treating the disease with exact clinical therapeutic effect can be established.
     Method
     According to diagnostic codes and staging standards,60patients consistent with standards from acupuncture clinic of Zhongshan Hospital are selected. They are divided into two groups by random number table,30in the treatment group (with fire-needle therapy) and the other30patients in the control group (with general acupuncture treatment). Follows:firstly, drawing random numbers through the manipulation of SAS statistical analysis software. Secondly, the researchers randomly assign cards, plus and seal envelopes; make sure the envelope sequence numbers are the same with the card numbers. When the eligible cases are into test, according to the priority of access, they should open the same number of envelopes, and accept the treatment that the number of envelope standing for. Treatment group:fire-needle therapy. Points: Fengchi (GB20), Bailao(GV14), Jianjing(GB21), Ar SHI points. Disinfect with anerdian on the points. After that, putting some Entitled flower oil on the points. Then lighting the alcohol lamp, endding up the alcohol lamp with the left hand coming near the points, and holding the fire needle with pen shaped with the right hand. The needle tip and the needle body are reset into alcohol lamp's outer flame. As they are burned to bright, thorning the needle body quickly into points, and fast pulling it out in about1/10second. Then drying the bleeding by pressing the points with disinfective dry cotton ball and fell the entitled flower oil on the points to protect the wound. Needling Fengchi to the direction to nose into3fen deep, perpendicular needling Bailao into8fen deed. Oblique needlign the Jianjing into3fen deep. Needling Ar SHI points shouled base on the specific angle and depth. The acupoints'needling depth can be adjusted depending on whether the patients are fat of skinny. The time for therapy is5days one times,3times for a course. After2courses, the evaluation would be take. Control group:treate with electro-acupuncture. Points:the same with the treatment group. Access sat. After disinfection for the points, using the0.3x40mm filiform needles, perpendicular needling into the points. The needling depth is based on the point location, size and weight of patient. Normal reinforcement and normal reduction by lifting, thrusting and twirling on each point, then connect the needles to the electro-acupuncture apparatus with a wave of condensation for30minutes.1times per day,10times for a course. Evaluation after two treatments. Using standardized NPQ neck pain scale, Mcgill pain scale, Verson neck waste index, and methods of MF (in the bit frequency) of cervical surface myoelectricity power spectrum for clinical evaluation. Self-reflection as well as the comparison between groups should be carried out for the treatment group and the control group.
     Using SPSS13.0statistical software to analyze the results. Measurement data are expressed in mean士standard deviation, count data compared with Chi-square test, paired t test for comparison before and after treatment in a group, independent samples t test for comparison between the groups, p<0.05significant difference has a significant meaning, significance of p<0.01there is a significant statistical difference.
     Results
     (1)60patients consistent with standards from acupuncture clinic of Zhongshan Hospital were selected. They were divided into two groups by random number table,30in the treatment group (with fire-needle therapy) and the other30patients in the control group (with general acupuncture treatment). Analysing two groups of patients'age, sexual, therapy course and other general information before the treatment, there were no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). It shew that two groups of subjects were comparable.
     (2) Clinical effect:in the treatment group, cure of10cases, improvement in18cases, uncure2cases, total effective rate of93.33%. In the control group, heal in5cases, improvement in18cases, No healed7cases, total effective rate76.67%. Statistically significant differences existed of both groups before and after treatment (P<0.05). And a statistically significant difference existed between the effect of the two group by rank sum test (P<0.05). The total efficiency of fire-needle therapy for cervical spondylosis of neck type was superior to regular acupuncture treatments.
     (3) The McGill pain scale scores of both groups after treatment dropped than before significantly (P<0.05). Compared between the two groups, the treatment group was superior to the control group (P<0.05).
     (4) The NPQ neck pain scale scores of both groups after treatment dropped than before significantly (P<0.05). Compared between the two groups, the treatment group was superior to the control group (P<0.05).
     (5) The Verson neck waste index scores of both groups after treatment dropped than before significantly (P<0.05). Compared between the two groups, the treatment group was superior to the control group (P<0.05).
     (6) The surface EMG frequency MF poor value scores of trapezius muscle of both groups after treatment dropped than before significantly (P<0.05). Compared between the two groups, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
     (7) The surface EMG frequency MF poor value scores of sternocleidomastoid muscle of both groups after treatment dropped than before significantly (P<0.05). Compared between the two groups, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
     Conclusions
     Both fire needle and general acupuncture are effective in general improving the clinical symptoms of patients with cervical spondylosis of neck type. Both can significantly reduce neck pain, lower neck muscle tension, improve the ability of the neck of patients. They can treat The cervical type cervical spondylosis safely and effectively. And fire needle therapy is superior to the general acupuncture therapy, so that the fire needle should be promoted to use for the disease. But compared with the surface EMG frequency MF poor value scores of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle between the two groups, the difference are not statistically significant (P>0.05), which means the two therapy is similar on improving the MF scores of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle.
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