畜禽场空气净化技术研究
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摘要
针对畜禽养殖业中的疫病损失巨大和畜禽场的环境污染严重问题，为了隔
断畜禽场疫病的交叉感染以及畜禽生产对大气环境的污染，本文在理论分析的
基础上，设计了中效过滤系统以及生物质挡尘墙分别对畜禽舍的进气与排气进
行净化，并在北京市种禽公司的后备鸡场与20万蛋鸡场进行了现场效果测试。
中效过滤系统采用中效过滤装置与正压送风装置，总送风量为54660m~3/h，
总有效过滤面积为61.6m~2，空气流经滤材的流速V_0为0.246m/s。经过整个育
雏期的测试，结果表明：育雏舍的外界空气处于普通空气与轻度污染空气的界
限范围内，经过中效过滤系统处理，流入空气达到了清洁空气的标准。中效过
滤系统对总悬浮颗粒物过滤效率达75％，可吸入颗粒物的过滤效率为30％，微
生物过滤效率达90％。雏鸡生长速率提高2.5％～25.5％，均匀度提高4％～20％，
死亡率下降1％。其中，雌鸡的受益较雄鸡更为明显。证明了采用中效过滤膜
能够明显改善动物生长状况，可以用于畜禽舍的进气净化。
生物质挡尘墙以为秸杆主要填充材料，全长17米，厚0.5米，高3米，置
于排风机后4.8米处。测试表明：经过挡尘墙处理，排风机后10米处的空气质
量从超标数倍的严重污染降到正常空气界限之内。总悬浮颗粒物浓度与可吸入
颗粒物浓度，挡尘墙内侧的分别下降42％与46％，外侧分别下降77％与55％。
空气中的微生物总数与大肠杆菌浓度可以降低85％以上。挡尘墙外侧的臭气
浓度降到内侧的50％。挡尘墙对鸡舍通风系统不造成影响，而排风区风速迅速
降低，内侧与外侧的降幅分别为12％与77％。
The polluted air in livestock farms associated with the epidemic disease
outbreak and the environment problems. The objective of this study is to control the
inlet and outlet air contaminants by removing the suspending particles. Based on the
theoretical analysis, this paper designed the positive pressure ventilation systems
with medium filters and the biomass dust-break wall to control inlet and outlet air
pollution, respectively.
The air contaminants make adverse effect on animals, especially for the
newborns. So positive pressure ventilation systems with medium filters were
installed in a full size Chicky occupied with about 12000 chicks to improve the inlet
air quality. The ventilation rate was 54660m3/h which is based on maximum
ventilation requirement of 3 - 4 m3/h per chick. The efficiency filter area was 61.6
m. The medium filter can remove 75% of TSP, 30% ofPMlO and 90% of Microbes
suspending in the inlet air, respectively. After filtration, inlet air quality reached
clean air standards. Compared with standard growth index, the gain in weight is
increased by 2.5% - 25.5%, equality is increased by 4% ?20%, and mortality is
reduced by 1%. In addition, it seems that the females could get more benefit than
males from the same filtration system.
A biomass dust-break wall filled with straw is designed to control the dust and
odor emission from tunnel ventilated layer housing. A 17 metre x 3 metre x 0.5
metre sized dust-break wall was placed 4.8 m downwind of the exhaust-fan of a 3
level cage layers. The results of field experiment show that dust-break wall makes a
good control for particles, microbe and odor emission. At lOin downwind to the
exhaust-fan (about 4.7m downwind to the windbreak wall), TSP, PMIO, total
microbes and colibacillus concentrations are reduced by 77%. 55%, 88% and 85%
respectively. Odor concentration is reduced by a half. After biomass dust-break wall
treatment, the heavily polluted exhaust air quality is improved to normal air
standard. The results show that dust-break wall greatly reduces the wind speed at
l0m downwind to the exhaust-fan, and makes little effect on the ventilation system
of the layer housing.
断畜禽场疫病的交叉感染以及畜禽生产对大气环境的污染，本文在理论分析的
基础上，设计了中效过滤系统以及生物质挡尘墙分别对畜禽舍的进气与排气进
行净化，并在北京市种禽公司的后备鸡场与20万蛋鸡场进行了现场效果测试。
中效过滤系统采用中效过滤装置与正压送风装置，总送风量为54660m~3/h，
总有效过滤面积为61.6m~2，空气流经滤材的流速V_0为0.246m/s。经过整个育
雏期的测试，结果表明：育雏舍的外界空气处于普通空气与轻度污染空气的界
限范围内，经过中效过滤系统处理，流入空气达到了清洁空气的标准。中效过
滤系统对总悬浮颗粒物过滤效率达75％，可吸入颗粒物的过滤效率为30％，微
生物过滤效率达90％。雏鸡生长速率提高2.5％～25.5％，均匀度提高4％～20％，
死亡率下降1％。其中，雌鸡的受益较雄鸡更为明显。证明了采用中效过滤膜
能够明显改善动物生长状况，可以用于畜禽舍的进气净化。
生物质挡尘墙以为秸杆主要填充材料，全长17米，厚0.5米，高3米，置
于排风机后4.8米处。测试表明：经过挡尘墙处理，排风机后10米处的空气质
量从超标数倍的严重污染降到正常空气界限之内。总悬浮颗粒物浓度与可吸入
颗粒物浓度，挡尘墙内侧的分别下降42％与46％，外侧分别下降77％与55％。
空气中的微生物总数与大肠杆菌浓度可以降低85％以上。挡尘墙外侧的臭气
浓度降到内侧的50％。挡尘墙对鸡舍通风系统不造成影响，而排风区风速迅速
降低，内侧与外侧的降幅分别为12％与77％。
The polluted air in livestock farms associated with the epidemic disease
outbreak and the environment problems. The objective of this study is to control the
inlet and outlet air contaminants by removing the suspending particles. Based on the
theoretical analysis, this paper designed the positive pressure ventilation systems
with medium filters and the biomass dust-break wall to control inlet and outlet air
pollution, respectively.
The air contaminants make adverse effect on animals, especially for the
newborns. So positive pressure ventilation systems with medium filters were
installed in a full size Chicky occupied with about 12000 chicks to improve the inlet
air quality. The ventilation rate was 54660m3/h which is based on maximum
ventilation requirement of 3 - 4 m3/h per chick. The efficiency filter area was 61.6
m. The medium filter can remove 75% of TSP, 30% ofPMlO and 90% of Microbes
suspending in the inlet air, respectively. After filtration, inlet air quality reached
clean air standards. Compared with standard growth index, the gain in weight is
increased by 2.5% - 25.5%, equality is increased by 4% ?20%, and mortality is
reduced by 1%. In addition, it seems that the females could get more benefit than
males from the same filtration system.
A biomass dust-break wall filled with straw is designed to control the dust and
odor emission from tunnel ventilated layer housing. A 17 metre x 3 metre x 0.5
metre sized dust-break wall was placed 4.8 m downwind of the exhaust-fan of a 3
level cage layers. The results of field experiment show that dust-break wall makes a
good control for particles, microbe and odor emission. At lOin downwind to the
exhaust-fan (about 4.7m downwind to the windbreak wall), TSP, PMIO, total
microbes and colibacillus concentrations are reduced by 77%. 55%, 88% and 85%
respectively. Odor concentration is reduced by a half. After biomass dust-break wall
treatment, the heavily polluted exhaust air quality is improved to normal air
standard. The results show that dust-break wall greatly reduces the wind speed at
l0m downwind to the exhaust-fan, and makes little effect on the ventilation system
of the layer housing.
引文
1 蔡会全等，论防治畜禽传染病的最佳时机，中国家禽，1999，Vol.21，No.3，1～3
2 项大实，鸡场粪便污染环境危害鸡群健康状况，1992年全国畜牧工程学术交流研讨会材料，1992，10
3 司建林，以理化及微生物方法探讨鸡舍环境工程设计与管理的研究，北京农业大学硕士学位论文，1993
4 余叔文主编，大气污染生物监测方法，中山大学出版社，1993
5 曹守仁《室内空气污染与测定方法》 P308
6 董红敏，何晴等，畜禽场排出空气的净化技术(待发表)
7 whyte, R. T. Aerial pollutants and the health of poultry farmers. World's Poultry Science Journal 1993, 49(2): 139-156
8 Pearson C.C.;Sharplest T.J. Airborne dust concentration in livestock building and the effect of feed. J. Agric. Engng Res. (1995)60,145-154
9 Zhang Y. Et al. Actue respiratory responses of human subjects to air quality in a swine building. J. Agric. Engng Res, (1998)70.367-373
10 Takai H. et. al. Concentration and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northen Europe. J.agric. Engng Res.(1998)70,59-77
11 American society of heating, refrigeration, air-control engineering, ASHRAE Fundamental Handbook, 1989
12 中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所主编 《环境空气质量监测检验方法》 中国科学技术出版社 1991
13 城乡建设环境保护部环境保护局标准处选编 《国际环境保护标准》中国环境科学出版社 1985
14 中国标准出版社第二编辑室编，环境质量与污染物排放国家标准汇编，中国标准出版社
15 Carpenter G.A.;Fryer J.T. Air filtration in a piggery: filter design and dust mass balance. J.agric. Engng Res.(1990)46,171-186
16 陈清明 王连纯 主编《现代养猪生产》 中国农业大学出版社
17 Dawson J. R. Minimizing dust in livestock buildings: possible alternatives to mechanical separation. J. agric. Engng Res.(1990)47,235-248
18 Williams, A. G. Dust and odour relationships in broiler house air. J.agric. Engng Res.(1989)44: 175-190
19 Bundy, D. S.; Hazen, T. E. Dust levels in swine confinement systems associated with different feeding methods. Transactions of the ASAE 1975, 18:137-139
20 东北农学院主编 《家畜环境卫生学》(第二版) 农业出版社
21 Steven J. Hoff, et. al., Strategies for reducing exhaust-air odors. Animal production systems and the environment."Proceeding of An international conference on odor, water quality, nutrient management and sociocconomic issues".Des moines, Iowa, July 19-22,1998
22 崔引安 主编，农业生物环境工程，中国农业出版社，第一版，1994，P．104
23 Diog P. A.; Willoughby D. V. M. Response of swine to atmospheric ammonia and organic dust Journal of American Veterinary Medicune Association, 1971, 159(11),1353-1361
24 Heber A.J. et. al. Influence of environment factors on concentrations and organic content of aerial dust in swine finishing buildings. Transactions of the ASAE 1988,31(3): 875-881
25 Heber A.J. Influence of environmental factors on dust characteristics in swine finishing houses. Livestock Environment Ⅲ.291-298 ASAE 1988
26 Gast, R. M.; Bundy, D. S. Control of feed dusts by adding oils. American Society of Agriculture Engineers, Paper No.86-4039, 1986
27 Chiba, L. I.; Peo, E.R.; Lewis, A. J. Use of dietary fat to reduce dust, aerial ammonia and bacterial colony forming particle concentrations in swine confinement buildings. Transactions of the ASAE, 1987,30:464-468
28 Bundy, D. S. Rate of dust decay as affected by relative humidity, ionization and air movement. Transaction of ASAE, 1984 27:865-870
29 Pederson S. Time based variation in airborne dust in respect to animal activity. Proceedings of international livestock environment symposium Ⅳ, Warwick, England, 6-9 July. ASAE, 1993
30 Bundy D.S.;Veenhuizen M.A. Dust and bacteria removal equipment for controlling particulates in swine buildings. Livestock Environment Ⅲ. 137-146
31 Ikeguchi Astuo Distribution properties of dust concentration and ventilation system in an enclosed layer house with slot inlet on the ceiling. Livestock Environment V.volume Ⅰ.512-519
32 刘爱芳 粉尘分离与过滤 冶金出版社1998
33 杨其长 鸡舍正压过滤式通风系统的理论及试验研究 中国农业大学博士论文 1996
34 Hillman P.E.;Gebremedhin K.G.;Warner R.G. Ventilation system to control airborne bacteria, dust,and ammonia in intensive calf housing. Livestock Environment Ⅲ.299-309
35 Dunlea A. P.; Dunlea V. A. Control of Respirable dust in horse stables. Livestock Environment V.volume Ⅰ.536-546
36 Owen, J. E. Dust filtration solution and their cost. Farming building progress 1982, 68:19-23
37 Pearson, C. C. Air clearing cost and effectiveness. Farm Buildings and Engineering 1991,8(2):29-31
38 Carpenter, G. A. Dust in livestock buildings-review of some aspects. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 1986, 33: 227-241.
39 Dawson J. R. Minimizing dust in livestock buildings: possible alternatives to mechanical separation. J. agric. Engng Res.(1990)47,235-248
40 Kovas, F.; Rafai, P. Aerial concentration in pig fatting house under different management systems, Proceedings of symposium dust in animal house. 11-15,ISAH, Hannover, 13 March 1984
41 Honey, L. F.; McQuitty, J. B. Some physical factors affecting dust concentrations in a pig facility. Canadian Agricultural Engineering 1979, 21(1):9-14
42 何睛 董红敏等，畜禽舍粉尘与控制技术，农业工程学报，1999，增刊
43 Takai H. et. al. Dust control in swine buildings by spraying of rapeseed oil. Proceedings of international livestock environment symposium Ⅳ, Warwick, England, 6-9 July 1993 ASAE, 726-733
44 Zhang, Y,; Tanaka, A.; Barber, E. M.; Feddes, J. J. R. Effects of frequency and quantity of sprinkling canola oil on dust reduction in swine buildings. Transactions of the ASAE. May/June 1996. V. 39(3)
45 Takai H. et. al. Dust concentration in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. Livestock Environment V.volume Ⅰ.504-511
46 Pearson, C. C. A wet scrubber for control aerial pollution in intensive livestock housing. Abstracts of International Conference AG ENG 86, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, IMAG, Wageningen, September 1986, P. 147
47 van't Klooster, C. E.; Roelfs, P. F. M. M. Effect of some methods to reduce aerosol levels in pig houses. 42~(nd) Annual meeting of the EAPP. Berlin 8-12 September 1991
48 Madelin, Teresa, M.; Wathes, C. M. Air hygiene in a broiler house: Comparison of deep litter with raised netting floors. British Poultry Science, 30:23-27
49 Li, X., Owen, J. E.; Pearson, C. C. Dust from animal feeds. Proceedings of the seminar of the 2nd. Technical section of the CLGR: Energy and Environmental section of Livestock Housing. Wroclaw, Poland 1-3 September 1992
50 Robertson, J. F. Dust and ammonia in pig buildings. Farm Building Progress 1992, 110:19-24
51 Heber, A. J.; Martin, C. R. Effect of additive on aerodynamic segregation of dust from swine feed. Transactions of the ASAE 1988, 31(2): 558-563
52 Gore, A. M.;Koornegay, E. T.; Viet, H. P.; Collins, E. R. Soybean oil effects on nursery air quality and pig performance. ASAE Paper 86-4040. 1986
53 Hoff, S. J., L. Dong, X. W. Li, D.S. Bundy, J. D. Harmon, and H. Xin. Odor removal using biomass filters. In: Livestock Environment V, fifth International Symposium. Hotel Sofitel Minneapolis, Bloomington, MN USA. May 29-31, 1997
s4 Robert W. Bottcher et.al, Field and model evaluations of windbreak walls for modifying emissions from tunnel ventilated swine buildings. Written for presentation at the 1998 ASAE annual international meeting sponsored by ASAE.
55 杨山 主编，家禽生产学，中国农业出版社，1999
56 陆耀庆 主编，供暖通风设计手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1987
57 Hartung, J. Dust in livestock buildings as a carrier of odors: a review. Paper presented at FAO Conference on odors from organic sludges. National Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Silsoe, 1985
58 hayter, R. B.; Beseh, E. L. Airborne particle deposition in the respiratory tract of chickens, Poultry Science 1974, 53:1507-1512
59 许钟麟，空气洁净技术原理，同济大学出版社，1997
60 孙一坚 主编，工业通风(第二版)，中国建筑工业出版社
61 赵荣义主编，简明空调设计手册，中国建筑工业出版社，1998
62 国家环境保护局政策法规司 编，中国环境保护法规全书(1982-1997)，化学工业出版社，1997
2 项大实，鸡场粪便污染环境危害鸡群健康状况，1992年全国畜牧工程学术交流研讨会材料，1992，10
3 司建林，以理化及微生物方法探讨鸡舍环境工程设计与管理的研究，北京农业大学硕士学位论文，1993
4 余叔文主编，大气污染生物监测方法，中山大学出版社，1993
5 曹守仁《室内空气污染与测定方法》 P308
6 董红敏，何晴等，畜禽场排出空气的净化技术(待发表)
7 whyte, R. T. Aerial pollutants and the health of poultry farmers. World's Poultry Science Journal 1993, 49(2): 139-156
8 Pearson C.C.;Sharplest T.J. Airborne dust concentration in livestock building and the effect of feed. J. Agric. Engng Res. (1995)60,145-154
9 Zhang Y. Et al. Actue respiratory responses of human subjects to air quality in a swine building. J. Agric. Engng Res, (1998)70.367-373
10 Takai H. et. al. Concentration and emissions of airborne dust in livestock buildings in Northen Europe. J.agric. Engng Res.(1998)70,59-77
11 American society of heating, refrigeration, air-control engineering, ASHRAE Fundamental Handbook, 1989
12 中国预防医学科学院环境卫生监测所主编 《环境空气质量监测检验方法》 中国科学技术出版社 1991
13 城乡建设环境保护部环境保护局标准处选编 《国际环境保护标准》中国环境科学出版社 1985
14 中国标准出版社第二编辑室编，环境质量与污染物排放国家标准汇编，中国标准出版社
15 Carpenter G.A.;Fryer J.T. Air filtration in a piggery: filter design and dust mass balance. J.agric. Engng Res.(1990)46,171-186
16 陈清明 王连纯 主编《现代养猪生产》 中国农业大学出版社
17 Dawson J. R. Minimizing dust in livestock buildings: possible alternatives to mechanical separation. J. agric. Engng Res.(1990)47,235-248
18 Williams, A. G. Dust and odour relationships in broiler house air. J.agric. Engng Res.(1989)44: 175-190
19 Bundy, D. S.; Hazen, T. E. Dust levels in swine confinement systems associated with different feeding methods. Transactions of the ASAE 1975, 18:137-139
20 东北农学院主编 《家畜环境卫生学》(第二版) 农业出版社
21 Steven J. Hoff, et. al., Strategies for reducing exhaust-air odors. Animal production systems and the environment."Proceeding of An international conference on odor, water quality, nutrient management and sociocconomic issues".Des moines, Iowa, July 19-22,1998
22 崔引安 主编，农业生物环境工程，中国农业出版社，第一版，1994，P．104
23 Diog P. A.; Willoughby D. V. M. Response of swine to atmospheric ammonia and organic dust Journal of American Veterinary Medicune Association, 1971, 159(11),1353-1361
24 Heber A.J. et. al. Influence of environment factors on concentrations and organic content of aerial dust in swine finishing buildings. Transactions of the ASAE 1988,31(3): 875-881
25 Heber A.J. Influence of environmental factors on dust characteristics in swine finishing houses. Livestock Environment Ⅲ.291-298 ASAE 1988
26 Gast, R. M.; Bundy, D. S. Control of feed dusts by adding oils. American Society of Agriculture Engineers, Paper No.86-4039, 1986
27 Chiba, L. I.; Peo, E.R.; Lewis, A. J. Use of dietary fat to reduce dust, aerial ammonia and bacterial colony forming particle concentrations in swine confinement buildings. Transactions of the ASAE, 1987,30:464-468
28 Bundy, D. S. Rate of dust decay as affected by relative humidity, ionization and air movement. Transaction of ASAE, 1984 27:865-870
29 Pederson S. Time based variation in airborne dust in respect to animal activity. Proceedings of international livestock environment symposium Ⅳ, Warwick, England, 6-9 July. ASAE, 1993
30 Bundy D.S.;Veenhuizen M.A. Dust and bacteria removal equipment for controlling particulates in swine buildings. Livestock Environment Ⅲ. 137-146
31 Ikeguchi Astuo Distribution properties of dust concentration and ventilation system in an enclosed layer house with slot inlet on the ceiling. Livestock Environment V.volume Ⅰ.512-519
32 刘爱芳 粉尘分离与过滤 冶金出版社1998
33 杨其长 鸡舍正压过滤式通风系统的理论及试验研究 中国农业大学博士论文 1996
34 Hillman P.E.;Gebremedhin K.G.;Warner R.G. Ventilation system to control airborne bacteria, dust,and ammonia in intensive calf housing. Livestock Environment Ⅲ.299-309
35 Dunlea A. P.; Dunlea V. A. Control of Respirable dust in horse stables. Livestock Environment V.volume Ⅰ.536-546
36 Owen, J. E. Dust filtration solution and their cost. Farming building progress 1982, 68:19-23
37 Pearson, C. C. Air clearing cost and effectiveness. Farm Buildings and Engineering 1991,8(2):29-31
38 Carpenter, G. A. Dust in livestock buildings-review of some aspects. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 1986, 33: 227-241.
39 Dawson J. R. Minimizing dust in livestock buildings: possible alternatives to mechanical separation. J. agric. Engng Res.(1990)47,235-248
40 Kovas, F.; Rafai, P. Aerial concentration in pig fatting house under different management systems, Proceedings of symposium dust in animal house. 11-15,ISAH, Hannover, 13 March 1984
41 Honey, L. F.; McQuitty, J. B. Some physical factors affecting dust concentrations in a pig facility. Canadian Agricultural Engineering 1979, 21(1):9-14
42 何睛 董红敏等，畜禽舍粉尘与控制技术，农业工程学报，1999，增刊
43 Takai H. et. al. Dust control in swine buildings by spraying of rapeseed oil. Proceedings of international livestock environment symposium Ⅳ, Warwick, England, 6-9 July 1993 ASAE, 726-733
44 Zhang, Y,; Tanaka, A.; Barber, E. M.; Feddes, J. J. R. Effects of frequency and quantity of sprinkling canola oil on dust reduction in swine buildings. Transactions of the ASAE. May/June 1996. V. 39(3)
45 Takai H. et. al. Dust concentration in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. Livestock Environment V.volume Ⅰ.504-511
46 Pearson, C. C. A wet scrubber for control aerial pollution in intensive livestock housing. Abstracts of International Conference AG ENG 86, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, IMAG, Wageningen, September 1986, P. 147
47 van't Klooster, C. E.; Roelfs, P. F. M. M. Effect of some methods to reduce aerosol levels in pig houses. 42~(nd) Annual meeting of the EAPP. Berlin 8-12 September 1991
48 Madelin, Teresa, M.; Wathes, C. M. Air hygiene in a broiler house: Comparison of deep litter with raised netting floors. British Poultry Science, 30:23-27
49 Li, X., Owen, J. E.; Pearson, C. C. Dust from animal feeds. Proceedings of the seminar of the 2nd. Technical section of the CLGR: Energy and Environmental section of Livestock Housing. Wroclaw, Poland 1-3 September 1992
50 Robertson, J. F. Dust and ammonia in pig buildings. Farm Building Progress 1992, 110:19-24
51 Heber, A. J.; Martin, C. R. Effect of additive on aerodynamic segregation of dust from swine feed. Transactions of the ASAE 1988, 31(2): 558-563
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