东北刺人参种子休眠与萌发影响因子的初步研究
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摘要
东北刺人参是长白山特有的珍贵药用植物。其成熟种子透水性良好，种皮和胚乳的水提物中存在萌发抑制物质，胚乳中提取物对白菜种子萌发的抑制效果更明显。种子自然脱落时胚尚未分化完全，处于心形胚阶段，需要先温暖层积以完成胚的分化与生长，然后转入低温层积完成生理后熟。
东北刺人参种子属胚后熟休眠类型。层积处理可以促使胚分化发育完成并通过生理后熟而萌发。初步研究结果表明：东北刺人参种子经第一个周期7个月的变温层积处理，完成形态后熟而裂口的种子占13.6％左右，完成生理后熟萌发的种子占裂口种子的16.9％左右，占处理种子的2.3％左右。第一周期处理未发芽的种子，经第二个周期11个月的层积处理，种胚可继续完成形态后熟并通过生理后熟而萌发，在室外树荫环境条件下层积处理的种子，完成形态后熟而裂口的种子占23.8％左右，完成生理后熟而萌发的种子占裂口种子的88.4％左右，占处理种子的21.1％左右。在室内一冰箱环境条件下层积处理的种子，完成胚形态后熟而裂口的种子占14.8％左右，完成生理后熟而萌发的种子占裂口种子的48.5％左右，占处理种子的7.2％左右。形态后熟的种子在低温层积30天后陆续完成生理后熟而萌发，至348天时，总发芽率为56.8％。
The permeability of water of Oplopanax elatus seed is better. The seed coat and endosperm havesomegrowth inhibitors, and the inhibitory effect of water extracts from endosperm on thegermination of Chinese cabbage seeds was higher than that from seed coat. The embryos wereunder differentiating and deep dormancy when the seeds matured, and it was at the cardioid stage.The seeds must be stratified at warm temperature to finish differentiation and development of theembryos, and then at low temperature the seeds finish the physiological dormancy.
Northeast punctures the ginseng seed to be the embrionic additional ripening dormancy type. Thebedding treatment may urge the embrionic differentiation growth to complete and but sproutsthrough the physiological additional ripening. The preliminary study result indicated that, Northeastpunctures the ginseng seed to accumulate processing after the first cyclical 7 month-longtropospheres, completes the shape additional ripening but the opening seed to account for about13.6%, completes the seed which the physiological additional ripening sprouts to occupy theopening seed about 16.9%, occupies the processing seed about 2.3%. First cyclical processing hasnot germinated the seed, after the second cyclical 11 month-long bedding treatments, plants theembryo to be possible to continue to complete the shape additional ripening and but sprouts throughthe physiological additional ripening, under outdoor tree shade environmental condition the beddingtreatment seed, completes the shape additional ripening but the opening seed to account for about23.8%, completes the seed which the physiological additional ripening but sprouts to occupy theopening seed about 88.4%, occupies the processing seed about 21.1%. In the room under arefrigerator environmental condition the bedding treatment seed, completes the embrionic shapeadditional ripening but the opening seed to account for about 14.8%, completes the seed which thephysiological additional ripening but sprouts to occupy the opening seed about 48.5%, occupies theprocessing seed about 7.2%. The shape additional ripening seed 30 days completes thephysiological additional ripening after the low temperature stacking but to sprout one after another,to 348 weather, the total germination percentage is 56.8%.
东北刺人参种子属胚后熟休眠类型。层积处理可以促使胚分化发育完成并通过生理后熟而萌发。初步研究结果表明：东北刺人参种子经第一个周期7个月的变温层积处理，完成形态后熟而裂口的种子占13.6％左右，完成生理后熟萌发的种子占裂口种子的16.9％左右，占处理种子的2.3％左右。第一周期处理未发芽的种子，经第二个周期11个月的层积处理，种胚可继续完成形态后熟并通过生理后熟而萌发，在室外树荫环境条件下层积处理的种子，完成形态后熟而裂口的种子占23.8％左右，完成生理后熟而萌发的种子占裂口种子的88.4％左右，占处理种子的21.1％左右。在室内一冰箱环境条件下层积处理的种子，完成胚形态后熟而裂口的种子占14.8％左右，完成生理后熟而萌发的种子占裂口种子的48.5％左右，占处理种子的7.2％左右。形态后熟的种子在低温层积30天后陆续完成生理后熟而萌发，至348天时，总发芽率为56.8％。
The permeability of water of Oplopanax elatus seed is better. The seed coat and endosperm havesomegrowth inhibitors, and the inhibitory effect of water extracts from endosperm on thegermination of Chinese cabbage seeds was higher than that from seed coat. The embryos wereunder differentiating and deep dormancy when the seeds matured, and it was at the cardioid stage.The seeds must be stratified at warm temperature to finish differentiation and development of theembryos, and then at low temperature the seeds finish the physiological dormancy.
Northeast punctures the ginseng seed to be the embrionic additional ripening dormancy type. Thebedding treatment may urge the embrionic differentiation growth to complete and but sproutsthrough the physiological additional ripening. The preliminary study result indicated that, Northeastpunctures the ginseng seed to accumulate processing after the first cyclical 7 month-longtropospheres, completes the shape additional ripening but the opening seed to account for about13.6%, completes the seed which the physiological additional ripening sprouts to occupy theopening seed about 16.9%, occupies the processing seed about 2.3%. First cyclical processing hasnot germinated the seed, after the second cyclical 11 month-long bedding treatments, plants theembryo to be possible to continue to complete the shape additional ripening and but sprouts throughthe physiological additional ripening, under outdoor tree shade environmental condition the beddingtreatment seed, completes the shape additional ripening but the opening seed to account for about23.8%, completes the seed which the physiological additional ripening but sprouts to occupy theopening seed about 88.4%, occupies the processing seed about 21.1%. In the room under arefrigerator environmental condition the bedding treatment seed, completes the embrionic shapeadditional ripening but the opening seed to account for about 14.8%, completes the seed which thephysiological additional ripening but sprouts to occupy the opening seed about 48.5%, occupies theprocessing seed about 7.2%. The shape additional ripening seed 30 days completes thephysiological additional ripening after the low temperature stacking but to sprout one after another,to 348 weather, the total germination percentage is 56.8%.
引文
[1] 比尤利JD，布莱克M．种子萌发的生理生化，第二卷，生活力、休眠与环境控制．南京：东南大学出版社1989：48—152
[2] 丁涛，徐惠波，温富春等．刺人参的研究进展．特产研究，2000(3)：57—58转62
[3] 李文亭，师海波，苗艳波等．刺人参研究新进展．特产研究，1994(3)：34—36
[4] 刘继生，张鹏，张美淑．东北刺人参种子繁殖技术研究．特产研究，2001，1：27—29
[5] 柳丽，王荣生，钱淑文．刺人参引种试栽观察．中药材，1989，12(10)：11—12
[6] 孙仓，常桂英，李咏梅．刺人参的现代研究进展．中国野生植物资源，2001(6)
[7] 田国伟，刘林德，王仲礼。刺五加种子结构后熟作用及其细胞化学研究．西北植物学报，1999，19(1)：7—13
[8] 王治钢，南寅镐．辽宁东部山区东北刺人参的生态调查．中药材科技，1983，3：7转4
[9] 王章淮．东北刺人参的引种繁殖．自然资源研究，1980，(3：)61—63
[10] 杨野．刺人参的形态和生态观察．特产科学实验，1980，2：4—7
[11] 张庆武，贾世昌，曹长青等．东北刺人参仿生栽培试验．特产研究，1992，2：20—21
[12] 郑万钧主编，中国树木志第2卷，中国林业出版社，1985：12
[13] 郑文杰．东北刺人参人工栽培实验及物候观测初报．辽宁林业科技，1994，(1)：44—47
[14] 周繇．长白山东北刺人参的资源调查及其开发利用．特产研究，2002，(3)：44-46
[15]. Lee, C. and Lee, S. A palynotaxonomic studay of the genus Fastsia Decne. And planch and its relatives (A raliaceae). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 1991,21(1):9-26
[2] 丁涛，徐惠波，温富春等．刺人参的研究进展．特产研究，2000(3)：57—58转62
[3] 李文亭，师海波，苗艳波等．刺人参研究新进展．特产研究，1994(3)：34—36
[4] 刘继生，张鹏，张美淑．东北刺人参种子繁殖技术研究．特产研究，2001，1：27—29
[5] 柳丽，王荣生，钱淑文．刺人参引种试栽观察．中药材，1989，12(10)：11—12
[6] 孙仓，常桂英，李咏梅．刺人参的现代研究进展．中国野生植物资源，2001(6)
[7] 田国伟，刘林德，王仲礼。刺五加种子结构后熟作用及其细胞化学研究．西北植物学报，1999，19(1)：7—13
[8] 王治钢，南寅镐．辽宁东部山区东北刺人参的生态调查．中药材科技，1983，3：7转4
[9] 王章淮．东北刺人参的引种繁殖．自然资源研究，1980，(3：)61—63
[10] 杨野．刺人参的形态和生态观察．特产科学实验，1980，2：4—7
[11] 张庆武，贾世昌，曹长青等．东北刺人参仿生栽培试验．特产研究，1992，2：20—21
[12] 郑万钧主编，中国树木志第2卷，中国林业出版社，1985：12
[13] 郑文杰．东北刺人参人工栽培实验及物候观测初报．辽宁林业科技，1994，(1)：44—47
[14] 周繇．长白山东北刺人参的资源调查及其开发利用．特产研究，2002，(3)：44-46
[15]. Lee, C. and Lee, S. A palynotaxonomic studay of the genus Fastsia Decne. And planch and its relatives (A raliaceae). Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 1991,21(1):9-26