在信息管理系统（MIS）平台上进行医学科研项目管理的应用研究
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摘要
研究背景与目的
科研项目在国家科技资源配置中占较大的份额,因此科研项目的管理越来越受到政府和公众的关注。随着医学科学事业的迅速发展,国家对医学科学研究的投入不断增加,科研项目数和投资额度的不断增多,这样必然增加了科研项目管理的难度。为了保障科研项目立项的公正公平、科研项目的顺利进行和圆满完成,必须提高项目管理水平,运用先进的管理手段和现代化的管理技术。对科研项目进行评估是科研项目管理的重要内容,对提高科研管理的效率和水平至关重要。
科研项目管理与评估工作在美国、法国、德国等国开展较早。包括美国在内的许多发达国家,对科研项目开展的管理与评估已经成为一个“快速成长的产业”,科研评估作为科研管理的一项重要内容和手段,已经成为了制度化、经常性的工作。近年来,我国的科研体制进行了一系列的改革,科研管理工作也积极借鉴国外经验,探寻有中国特色的又适合国际惯例的方式方法。但是,总体上来说,在科研项目管理方面仍未摆脱过于粗放的局面,对高科技运用到科研项目管理上无论在认识上还是在技术层面上都还有很多工作要做。
进入20世纪后,以计算机和网络通讯技术为代表的信息化产业不断发展,计算机中各类软件的应用得到充分发挥。MIS系统是一种根据用户特殊要求度身定做的计算机软件,属于数据库类应用程序。该系统实现了科研项目计算机管理的高效性和准确性,实现了项目的规范化管理。
本研究在杭州市卫生系统科研计划和科技成果申报、评审、管理计算机网络
Background and ObjectiveThe scientific research project occupies a big share in the resources disposition of national science and technology;therefore the government and public pay more attention to the scientific research project management. Along with the rapid development of medicine science, our country increases the investment to the medicine scientific research unceasingly, such as the number and investment amount of the scientific research project, but this also increased the management difficulty of scientific research project inevitably. In order to make the scientific research project determination fair and run or finish as planned, we must use the advanced management methods and modernized management technologies to raise the level of project management. The scientific research project appraisal is the main element of the scientific research project management, and it is important to enhance the efficiency and level of the scientific research management.The scientific research project management and appraisal work was developed earlier in US, France, Germany etc. In many developed countries, including USA, the scientific research project management and the appraisal have become "the fast growth industry". As an important content and method, the scientific research appraisal has become the institutionalized and regular work. Our country started the scientific research project management and appraisal work late. So, in recent years, to
explore the Chinese characteristic ways which suit the international convention, our country carried on a series of scientific research system reforms and benefited from overseas experience in the scientific research management. But, on the whole, the scientific research project management still got too extensive, we had lots of work to do whatever at understanding as well as technical aspects in which the high tech being applied to the scientific research project management.After enters for 20th century, information industry represented by computer and network communication technology develops dramatically, the application of kinds of software obtains the full play. The MIS system is one kinds of software according to the special requests of the user, belongs to the database application program. This system has realized the high effectiveness and accuracy of the scientific research project computer management and the project standardized management.Based on the scientific research plans of Hangzhou sanitation system and the application, the appraisal, the management computer network of achievements, this research used the MIS system to withdraw and analyze the long-term accumulated scientific research management data, explore the various factors influence the project finish rate, analyze the rationality of the scientific research project determination system at present and the scientific research funds management, provide the reference for decision-making of the scientific research project manager, guarantee the scientific research project management just, open and fair, urge the medicine scientific research project management to rise to a new altitude.Materials and MethodsAll the 16 municipal medical and health organizations in Hangzhou were selected, each unit filled in a unifrom questionnaire. Investigated the project determination situation of 16 municipal medical and health organizations from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2001, including the project sources of medical and health organizations, the financial supporting situation of the funds, the condition of being finished of the project, the information of project directors, the scientific research policies and the supporting funds of medical and health organizations,and the unfinished reasons of
project and so on.After verification and code of the questionnaires, inputted and processed the data. Use FoxPro6.0 and Microsoft SQL server 2000 software to establish and manage the database.MIS system database included scientific research project application information database, project management database, and information analysis database. The main project management database included six aspects contents: project determination management, achievement management, award management, paper management, scientific research talent management and scientific research fund management.Established seven rating systems (contain 54 appraisal targets), the MIS system automatically gave grades. Seven systems included applicant appraisal system, applying unit appraisal system, project group appraisal system, project retrieval appraisal system, academic foundation appraisal system, scientific research condition appraisal system and project content appraisal system.The information of the information analysis database originated from the application information database. Information analysis used the improved Apriori algorithm method, and indexes of Minsup and Minconfidence was used to analyse the associated degree between medicine scientific research projects of Hangzhou City and appraisal indexes. Other statistical analyses used SPSS 13.0 software, x2 test was used to analyse rate and proportion, and Spearman correlation was used to analyse rank data.Results1. Project determination situationThe application of the significant and key project accorded with several conditions as follows: one of the national key research interests, third-class health units and project director should be discipline leader and so on, applied easily to be the significant or key project, Minsup=12%, Minonfidence=87.6%;Kind A project application accorded with conditions as follows: purposeful, funds reasonably, above the second-class health units, project director should be reserve discipline leader, it's
easy to be funded, Minsup=18%, Minonfidence=67.5%;Kind B project application accords with conditions as follows: the key research content was prominent, the application funded reasonable, big benefit, age 25-35 years old, the project group had 1-2 vice-senior experts, several first-class paper and so on, it's easy to be funded, Minsup=20%, Minconfidence-52%.2. Project finishing situationIn the funds sources, the municipal science and technology bureau supported biggest, average project achieved $51,300, the finishing rate on schedule achieved 87.5%;the municipal sanitation bureau supported smallest, average project only had $4, 600, the finishing rate only was 46.1%. In the funds composition structure, the finishing rate of self-financing project is lowest, only 48.9%. The finishing rate of the each project funds between $15,000 and $30,000 was highest, and it was significantly different from self-financing group (x2= 7.653, P<0.05).When the project director had 3 or 4 projects at the same time, the finishing rate was lower, only 22.2% and 8.3%. Compared with the group of project director had only 1 projects, there were significantly differences (x2=14.093 and 12.425, PO.05 all). When the project director had the degree of doctor, the finishing rate was highest, achieved 84%.3. Unfinishing proj ect situationThe scientific research funded insufficiency, time insufficiency and the change of the project director were the main reasons which the project did not finish on schedule, and these unfinishing projects occupy above 3/4 of the total unfinishing projects. Along with the year increase, the project remove rate fall slightly.ConclusionsAfter using the MIS system to manage the scientific research project determination, the project determination appraisal became more scientifically, and the project content associated with national key scientific research direction more closely, which manifested the consistent pattern of ideas of Hangzhou sanitation bureau in scientific research project management.
Funds insufficiency is the main reason which the project was finished not on time. So the funds management of Hangzhou sanitation bureau needed further enhance. To each project of the municipal health service units, the funds (not include unit 1:1 supporting funds) between $15,000 and $30,000 will be more economical and reasonable.When the project director had 3 or more projects at the same time, the finishing rate was lower. Therefore, we should enhance the management of scientific research projects using the MIS system.
科研项目在国家科技资源配置中占较大的份额,因此科研项目的管理越来越受到政府和公众的关注。随着医学科学事业的迅速发展,国家对医学科学研究的投入不断增加,科研项目数和投资额度的不断增多,这样必然增加了科研项目管理的难度。为了保障科研项目立项的公正公平、科研项目的顺利进行和圆满完成,必须提高项目管理水平,运用先进的管理手段和现代化的管理技术。对科研项目进行评估是科研项目管理的重要内容,对提高科研管理的效率和水平至关重要。
科研项目管理与评估工作在美国、法国、德国等国开展较早。包括美国在内的许多发达国家,对科研项目开展的管理与评估已经成为一个“快速成长的产业”,科研评估作为科研管理的一项重要内容和手段,已经成为了制度化、经常性的工作。近年来,我国的科研体制进行了一系列的改革,科研管理工作也积极借鉴国外经验,探寻有中国特色的又适合国际惯例的方式方法。但是,总体上来说,在科研项目管理方面仍未摆脱过于粗放的局面,对高科技运用到科研项目管理上无论在认识上还是在技术层面上都还有很多工作要做。
进入20世纪后,以计算机和网络通讯技术为代表的信息化产业不断发展,计算机中各类软件的应用得到充分发挥。MIS系统是一种根据用户特殊要求度身定做的计算机软件,属于数据库类应用程序。该系统实现了科研项目计算机管理的高效性和准确性,实现了项目的规范化管理。
本研究在杭州市卫生系统科研计划和科技成果申报、评审、管理计算机网络
Background and ObjectiveThe scientific research project occupies a big share in the resources disposition of national science and technology;therefore the government and public pay more attention to the scientific research project management. Along with the rapid development of medicine science, our country increases the investment to the medicine scientific research unceasingly, such as the number and investment amount of the scientific research project, but this also increased the management difficulty of scientific research project inevitably. In order to make the scientific research project determination fair and run or finish as planned, we must use the advanced management methods and modernized management technologies to raise the level of project management. The scientific research project appraisal is the main element of the scientific research project management, and it is important to enhance the efficiency and level of the scientific research management.The scientific research project management and appraisal work was developed earlier in US, France, Germany etc. In many developed countries, including USA, the scientific research project management and the appraisal have become "the fast growth industry". As an important content and method, the scientific research appraisal has become the institutionalized and regular work. Our country started the scientific research project management and appraisal work late. So, in recent years, to
explore the Chinese characteristic ways which suit the international convention, our country carried on a series of scientific research system reforms and benefited from overseas experience in the scientific research management. But, on the whole, the scientific research project management still got too extensive, we had lots of work to do whatever at understanding as well as technical aspects in which the high tech being applied to the scientific research project management.After enters for 20th century, information industry represented by computer and network communication technology develops dramatically, the application of kinds of software obtains the full play. The MIS system is one kinds of software according to the special requests of the user, belongs to the database application program. This system has realized the high effectiveness and accuracy of the scientific research project computer management and the project standardized management.Based on the scientific research plans of Hangzhou sanitation system and the application, the appraisal, the management computer network of achievements, this research used the MIS system to withdraw and analyze the long-term accumulated scientific research management data, explore the various factors influence the project finish rate, analyze the rationality of the scientific research project determination system at present and the scientific research funds management, provide the reference for decision-making of the scientific research project manager, guarantee the scientific research project management just, open and fair, urge the medicine scientific research project management to rise to a new altitude.Materials and MethodsAll the 16 municipal medical and health organizations in Hangzhou were selected, each unit filled in a unifrom questionnaire. Investigated the project determination situation of 16 municipal medical and health organizations from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2001, including the project sources of medical and health organizations, the financial supporting situation of the funds, the condition of being finished of the project, the information of project directors, the scientific research policies and the supporting funds of medical and health organizations,and the unfinished reasons of
project and so on.After verification and code of the questionnaires, inputted and processed the data. Use FoxPro6.0 and Microsoft SQL server 2000 software to establish and manage the database.MIS system database included scientific research project application information database, project management database, and information analysis database. The main project management database included six aspects contents: project determination management, achievement management, award management, paper management, scientific research talent management and scientific research fund management.Established seven rating systems (contain 54 appraisal targets), the MIS system automatically gave grades. Seven systems included applicant appraisal system, applying unit appraisal system, project group appraisal system, project retrieval appraisal system, academic foundation appraisal system, scientific research condition appraisal system and project content appraisal system.The information of the information analysis database originated from the application information database. Information analysis used the improved Apriori algorithm method, and indexes of Minsup and Minconfidence was used to analyse the associated degree between medicine scientific research projects of Hangzhou City and appraisal indexes. Other statistical analyses used SPSS 13.0 software, x2 test was used to analyse rate and proportion, and Spearman correlation was used to analyse rank data.Results1. Project determination situationThe application of the significant and key project accorded with several conditions as follows: one of the national key research interests, third-class health units and project director should be discipline leader and so on, applied easily to be the significant or key project, Minsup=12%, Minonfidence=87.6%;Kind A project application accorded with conditions as follows: purposeful, funds reasonably, above the second-class health units, project director should be reserve discipline leader, it's
easy to be funded, Minsup=18%, Minonfidence=67.5%;Kind B project application accords with conditions as follows: the key research content was prominent, the application funded reasonable, big benefit, age 25-35 years old, the project group had 1-2 vice-senior experts, several first-class paper and so on, it's easy to be funded, Minsup=20%, Minconfidence-52%.2. Project finishing situationIn the funds sources, the municipal science and technology bureau supported biggest, average project achieved $51,300, the finishing rate on schedule achieved 87.5%;the municipal sanitation bureau supported smallest, average project only had $4, 600, the finishing rate only was 46.1%. In the funds composition structure, the finishing rate of self-financing project is lowest, only 48.9%. The finishing rate of the each project funds between $15,000 and $30,000 was highest, and it was significantly different from self-financing group (x2= 7.653, P<0.05).When the project director had 3 or 4 projects at the same time, the finishing rate was lower, only 22.2% and 8.3%. Compared with the group of project director had only 1 projects, there were significantly differences (x2=14.093 and 12.425, PO.05 all). When the project director had the degree of doctor, the finishing rate was highest, achieved 84%.3. Unfinishing proj ect situationThe scientific research funded insufficiency, time insufficiency and the change of the project director were the main reasons which the project did not finish on schedule, and these unfinishing projects occupy above 3/4 of the total unfinishing projects. Along with the year increase, the project remove rate fall slightly.ConclusionsAfter using the MIS system to manage the scientific research project determination, the project determination appraisal became more scientifically, and the project content associated with national key scientific research direction more closely, which manifested the consistent pattern of ideas of Hangzhou sanitation bureau in scientific research project management.
Funds insufficiency is the main reason which the project was finished not on time. So the funds management of Hangzhou sanitation bureau needed further enhance. To each project of the municipal health service units, the funds (not include unit 1:1 supporting funds) between $15,000 and $30,000 will be more economical and reasonable.When the project director had 3 or more projects at the same time, the finishing rate was lower. Therefore, we should enhance the management of scientific research projects using the MIS system.
引文
1.肖利.科技项目评估的必要前提.科学学研究,2004,22(3):290-293.
2.李俊勇,刘民,周丽.医学科学研究项目评估概述.中华医学科研管理杂志,2004,17(2):78-80.
3.高金武,刘亚民,史晓峰.浅析科技评估机制在医学科研工作中的作用.医学情报工作,2005,26(4):246-247.
4.向亚萍,刘武男,杨晖.科研项目评估研究现状与方法.市场周刊:财经论坛,2004,6:79-81.
5.王健菊,常东坡,赵时亮.科学研究中的项目管理思想.自然辨证法研究,2005,21(3):83-86.
6.龚旭,夏文莉.美国联邦政府开展的基础研究绩效评估及其启示.科研管理,2003,24(2):1-8.
7. OECD. The evaluation of scientific research: selected experiences. OCDE/GD(97) 194, 1997, Paris.
8.周琳,殷学平.科研项目评估方法的研究.解放军医院管理杂志,2002,9(1):16-19.
9.梁智,孙宁生,袁建平.澳大利亚医学科研管理研究.中华医学科研管理杂志,2002,15(1):40-43.
10.焦慧,施平.项目管理模式在科研课题管理中的应用探索.技术与创新管理,2004,25(5):29-32.
11.安永锋,任智强.项目管理在科研课题管理中的应用研究.科学管理研究,2003,21(3):90-92.
12.宋卫红,杨美成.高校科研项目管理引入ISO9001质量管理体系的实践.江苏科技大学学报,2004,4(4):60-64.
13.李俊勇,刘民,周丽.医学科研项目全程评价指标体系的建立.中华医学科研管理杂志,2005,18(1):33-36.
14.孙咏虹,包江波.密切值法综合评价医学科研课题产出质量.中国肿瘤,2003,12(10):580-582.
15.张驰.地方高校科研项目立项定量评价与项目选择.湖北三峡学院学报,2000,22(5):92-95.
16.朱国锋.高校科研项目立项的模糊综合评判方法及应用.浙江工程学院学报,2000,17(2):128-132.
17.肖建华,吴今培,陈世权等.一种应用聚类分析的科研立项评审数据处理方法.科研管理,2000,21(3):82-87.
18.刘海波,陈立军,历英.科研项目管理MIS系统的开发与应用.黄金学报,2000,2(3):231-233.
19.金朝崇.浅谈MIS的目标原则.电视工业:科技版,1991,9:75-82.
20.刘艳妮,张严峰,刘珠梅等.关于推进项目管理信息化建设的几点建议.科研管理,2004,25(4):39-41.
21.孙宏,潘旭.科研项目管理方法科学化的应用探索.辽宁中医学院学报,2004,4(1):80.
22.何炜,戚英,应心等.数据挖掘技术在医学科研管理中的应用研究.中华医学科研管理杂志,2004,17(1):9-11.
23.连燕华.我国国家创新体系建设的进展及对策建议.科技管理研究,2006,26(1):4-6.
24.张兰海.对我院“八五”“九五”省攻关课题未完成因素的分析.中华医学科研管理杂志,2001,14(4):219-220.
25.陈博文,王月香,熊正株等.北京市医学卫生科技管理现状初步调查.中华医学科研管理杂志,2003,16(3):138-140.
26.谭晓宁.论基于课题制的高校科研项目管理.科研管理,2004,25(1):37-39.
27.李秉銮.关于医院科研激励机制的思考.中华医学科研管理杂志,2002,15(3):184-185.
28.钟梅.学术道德与科研管理.中华医学科研管理杂志,2005,18(2):67-68.
29.许寅超,冯常森,关勋强等.运用项目管理理论提高医学科研管理水平.中华医学科研管理杂志,2005,18(2):76-77.
30.吕立宁.美国人口与健康服务部.中华医学科研管理杂志,2005,18(2):257.
2.李俊勇,刘民,周丽.医学科学研究项目评估概述.中华医学科研管理杂志,2004,17(2):78-80.
3.高金武,刘亚民,史晓峰.浅析科技评估机制在医学科研工作中的作用.医学情报工作,2005,26(4):246-247.
4.向亚萍,刘武男,杨晖.科研项目评估研究现状与方法.市场周刊:财经论坛,2004,6:79-81.
5.王健菊,常东坡,赵时亮.科学研究中的项目管理思想.自然辨证法研究,2005,21(3):83-86.
6.龚旭,夏文莉.美国联邦政府开展的基础研究绩效评估及其启示.科研管理,2003,24(2):1-8.
7. OECD. The evaluation of scientific research: selected experiences. OCDE/GD(97) 194, 1997, Paris.
8.周琳,殷学平.科研项目评估方法的研究.解放军医院管理杂志,2002,9(1):16-19.
9.梁智,孙宁生,袁建平.澳大利亚医学科研管理研究.中华医学科研管理杂志,2002,15(1):40-43.
10.焦慧,施平.项目管理模式在科研课题管理中的应用探索.技术与创新管理,2004,25(5):29-32.
11.安永锋,任智强.项目管理在科研课题管理中的应用研究.科学管理研究,2003,21(3):90-92.
12.宋卫红,杨美成.高校科研项目管理引入ISO9001质量管理体系的实践.江苏科技大学学报,2004,4(4):60-64.
13.李俊勇,刘民,周丽.医学科研项目全程评价指标体系的建立.中华医学科研管理杂志,2005,18(1):33-36.
14.孙咏虹,包江波.密切值法综合评价医学科研课题产出质量.中国肿瘤,2003,12(10):580-582.
15.张驰.地方高校科研项目立项定量评价与项目选择.湖北三峡学院学报,2000,22(5):92-95.
16.朱国锋.高校科研项目立项的模糊综合评判方法及应用.浙江工程学院学报,2000,17(2):128-132.
17.肖建华,吴今培,陈世权等.一种应用聚类分析的科研立项评审数据处理方法.科研管理,2000,21(3):82-87.
18.刘海波,陈立军,历英.科研项目管理MIS系统的开发与应用.黄金学报,2000,2(3):231-233.
19.金朝崇.浅谈MIS的目标原则.电视工业:科技版,1991,9:75-82.
20.刘艳妮,张严峰,刘珠梅等.关于推进项目管理信息化建设的几点建议.科研管理,2004,25(4):39-41.
21.孙宏,潘旭.科研项目管理方法科学化的应用探索.辽宁中医学院学报,2004,4(1):80.
22.何炜,戚英,应心等.数据挖掘技术在医学科研管理中的应用研究.中华医学科研管理杂志,2004,17(1):9-11.
23.连燕华.我国国家创新体系建设的进展及对策建议.科技管理研究,2006,26(1):4-6.
24.张兰海.对我院“八五”“九五”省攻关课题未完成因素的分析.中华医学科研管理杂志,2001,14(4):219-220.
25.陈博文,王月香,熊正株等.北京市医学卫生科技管理现状初步调查.中华医学科研管理杂志,2003,16(3):138-140.
26.谭晓宁.论基于课题制的高校科研项目管理.科研管理,2004,25(1):37-39.
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