技术转移对中国区域竞争力影响
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摘要
胡锦涛总书记在党的十七大报告中指出,要加快建设国家创新体系,加快建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系,引导和支持创新要素向企业集聚,促进科技成果向现实生产力转化。技术转移是创新成果转化为现实生产力的重要途径,是企业实现技术创新、增强核心竞争力的关键环节,是影响国家或区域竞争力的重要内容。本文综合运用区域经济理论、经济竞争理论、产业经济学理论等,借鉴国内外相关研究成果,着力于定性和定量分析技术转移对中国区域竞争力的影响,试图以技术转移为突破口,提出促进技术转移提升中国区域竞争力的策略。
近年来,中国各地区都在强抓机遇,多策并举提升区域竞争力,科学技术已经成为促进地区经济发展的重要推动力。技术转移过程从本质上说就是一个技术创新的过程,而技术创新过程又不可能脱离技术转移,所以促进技术转移就成为提高区域竞争力的首要手段。然而,中国各区域技术转移发展不平衡,这就进一步加剧了中国区域竞争力的不均衡。按照科学发展观的要求,各区域应该根据本地区实际情况加快协调发展,渐进缩小区域差距。所以,改变传统中国区域划分方法,根据技术转移条件下各省(自治区、直辖市)竞争力的排名重新划分中国的区域,并在此基础上提出各区域促进技术转移的政策建议,这是尝试从一个新的角度研究提升中国区域竞争力的有效途径。
本文首先对技术转移和区域竞争力相关理论进行综述,并结合论文研究需要提出本文对技术转移和区域竞争力的界定,在此基础上,从四个方面定性分析了技术转移对区域竞争力的效应:刺激区域企业创新、促进区域产业优化升级、提高区域企业竞争力、形成技术创新区域品牌;接着以中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)横截面数据为基础,选取4个大方面16个指标(尤其是增加了技术转移指标)建立了中国区域竞争力指标体系,运用因子分析对全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)竞争力进行排名,并在此基础上把中国区域重新划为三大类。在上述理论和实证分析的基础上,还探讨了低效技术转移陷阱理论和结合各类区域具体情况提出中国各类区域促进技术转移提升区域竞争力的策略。
Hu Jintao , general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) pointed out at 17th Party Congress:Speed up forming a national innovation system and step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play a leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guides and supports the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces. Technology transfer is an important way to translate innovative achievements into productive forces. Technology transfer is the key link of the realization of technological innovation and the enhancement of the core competitiveness of enterprises. Technology transfer is an important aspect of the influence of national competitiveness or regional competitiveness. The paper, using regional economic theory and economic competition theory and economic theory on industry and so on, drawing on relevant research at home and abroad, aims at qualitative and quantitative analysis of the effect of technology transfer on regional competitiveness in China in order to try to put forward many strategies to enhance regional competitiveness in China through promoting technology transfer.
In recent years ,the local governments in all regions of china are trying to take any chance and multi-strategies to promote regional competitiveness. Science and technology have already become an important driving force to promote the local economic development. Technology transfer process is essentially a process of technological innovation, and the process of technological innovation can not be divorced from technology transfer. So the promotion of technology transfer has become primary way to improve regional economy of competitiveness. However, the development of technology transfer in China is uneven, which further intensifies country regional competitive unbalanced. In accordance with the requirements of the scientific concept of development, the region should accelerate the coordinated development and narrow the regional gap gradually according to the actual situation of local region. Therefore, change the traditional methods of dividing our region and re-divide our region according to the rank of regional competitiveness of the 31 provinces ( autonomous regions or municipalities)regarding to their economic and technology transfer levels. Based on these, the paper proposes policies for various regions to promote technology transfer, which is an attempt to promote our country regional competitiveness from a new perspective.
This paper first elaborates the relevant theories of technology transfer and regional competitiveness and defines technology transfer and regional competitiveness according to the need of thesis research. Based on these, the paper analyzes qualitatively the effect of technology transfer on regional competitiveness from four aspects: stimulate regional business innovation, promote regional industrial upgrading, enhance the competitiveness of regional enterprises, form regional brand of technological innovation. Then, based on the panel date from China's 31 provinces ( autonomous regions or municipalities)and a selection of 16 indexes(especially including technology transfer indexes)in four major aspects, the paper builds an index system to stand for regional competitiveness in China, and applies factor analysis to rank regional competitiveness of the 31 province(autonomous regions or municipalities), and on the basis of this, re-zones our country for three regional categories. On the basis of the above-mentioned theory and empirical analysis, the paper explores the theory of low efficiency of the technology -introduction trap and proposes strategies for various regions to promote technology transfer to enhance regional competitiveness according to region-specific conditions.
近年来,中国各地区都在强抓机遇,多策并举提升区域竞争力,科学技术已经成为促进地区经济发展的重要推动力。技术转移过程从本质上说就是一个技术创新的过程,而技术创新过程又不可能脱离技术转移,所以促进技术转移就成为提高区域竞争力的首要手段。然而,中国各区域技术转移发展不平衡,这就进一步加剧了中国区域竞争力的不均衡。按照科学发展观的要求,各区域应该根据本地区实际情况加快协调发展,渐进缩小区域差距。所以,改变传统中国区域划分方法,根据技术转移条件下各省(自治区、直辖市)竞争力的排名重新划分中国的区域,并在此基础上提出各区域促进技术转移的政策建议,这是尝试从一个新的角度研究提升中国区域竞争力的有效途径。
本文首先对技术转移和区域竞争力相关理论进行综述,并结合论文研究需要提出本文对技术转移和区域竞争力的界定,在此基础上,从四个方面定性分析了技术转移对区域竞争力的效应:刺激区域企业创新、促进区域产业优化升级、提高区域企业竞争力、形成技术创新区域品牌;接着以中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)横截面数据为基础,选取4个大方面16个指标(尤其是增加了技术转移指标)建立了中国区域竞争力指标体系,运用因子分析对全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)竞争力进行排名,并在此基础上把中国区域重新划为三大类。在上述理论和实证分析的基础上,还探讨了低效技术转移陷阱理论和结合各类区域具体情况提出中国各类区域促进技术转移提升区域竞争力的策略。
Hu Jintao , general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) pointed out at 17th Party Congress:Speed up forming a national innovation system and step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play a leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guides and supports the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces. Technology transfer is an important way to translate innovative achievements into productive forces. Technology transfer is the key link of the realization of technological innovation and the enhancement of the core competitiveness of enterprises. Technology transfer is an important aspect of the influence of national competitiveness or regional competitiveness. The paper, using regional economic theory and economic competition theory and economic theory on industry and so on, drawing on relevant research at home and abroad, aims at qualitative and quantitative analysis of the effect of technology transfer on regional competitiveness in China in order to try to put forward many strategies to enhance regional competitiveness in China through promoting technology transfer.
In recent years ,the local governments in all regions of china are trying to take any chance and multi-strategies to promote regional competitiveness. Science and technology have already become an important driving force to promote the local economic development. Technology transfer process is essentially a process of technological innovation, and the process of technological innovation can not be divorced from technology transfer. So the promotion of technology transfer has become primary way to improve regional economy of competitiveness. However, the development of technology transfer in China is uneven, which further intensifies country regional competitive unbalanced. In accordance with the requirements of the scientific concept of development, the region should accelerate the coordinated development and narrow the regional gap gradually according to the actual situation of local region. Therefore, change the traditional methods of dividing our region and re-divide our region according to the rank of regional competitiveness of the 31 provinces ( autonomous regions or municipalities)regarding to their economic and technology transfer levels. Based on these, the paper proposes policies for various regions to promote technology transfer, which is an attempt to promote our country regional competitiveness from a new perspective.
This paper first elaborates the relevant theories of technology transfer and regional competitiveness and defines technology transfer and regional competitiveness according to the need of thesis research. Based on these, the paper analyzes qualitatively the effect of technology transfer on regional competitiveness from four aspects: stimulate regional business innovation, promote regional industrial upgrading, enhance the competitiveness of regional enterprises, form regional brand of technological innovation. Then, based on the panel date from China's 31 provinces ( autonomous regions or municipalities)and a selection of 16 indexes(especially including technology transfer indexes)in four major aspects, the paper builds an index system to stand for regional competitiveness in China, and applies factor analysis to rank regional competitiveness of the 31 province(autonomous regions or municipalities), and on the basis of this, re-zones our country for three regional categories. On the basis of the above-mentioned theory and empirical analysis, the paper explores the theory of low efficiency of the technology -introduction trap and proposes strategies for various regions to promote technology transfer to enhance regional competitiveness according to region-specific conditions.
引文
①谢富纪:《技术转移与技术交易》,清华大学出版社,2006年版,第13页。
①林毅夫等:《技术选择、技术扩散与经济收敛》,载于《财经问题研究》,2004年第6期。
②张玉杰:《技术转移:理论·方法·战略》,企业管理出版社,2003年版,第30-80页。
①郭燕青;《技术转移与区域经济发展》,经济管理出版社,2004年版,第1-2页。
①IMD World competitiveness year book :Switzerland: Lausanne Press, 2003, pp.10-45.
①肖红叶:《2005中国区域竞争力发展报告》,中国统计出版社,2006年版,第2页。
②倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力理论研究与实证分析(第一版)》,中国经济出版社,2001年版,第58页。
①胡永宏,贺思辉:《综合评价方法》,科学出版社, 2000年版,第80-150页。
①魏后凯:《现代区域经济学》,经济管理出版社,2006年版,第179页。
②侯景新、尹卫红:《区域经济分析方法》,商务印书馆,2005年版,第122-153页。
①晁先锋:《低效率技术引进陷阱不可不防》,载于《长春市委党校》2008年第4期,第36-37页。
①晁先锋:《自主创新是避免“低效率技术引进陷阱”的必然选择》,载于《四川行政学院学报》2008年第4期,第87-88页。
①范旭:《论政府在技术转移中的作用》,载于《生产力研究》1996第5期,第40-42页。
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[8]刘志迎.现代产业经济学教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[9]林毅夫等.技术选择、技术扩散与经济收敛[J].财经问题研究,2004(6):3-5.
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[23]徐建国.“科技集聚区”的界定及其战略意义[J].科技进步与对策,2005(4):165-167.
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②张玉杰:《技术转移:理论·方法·战略》,企业管理出版社,2003年版,第30-80页。
①郭燕青;《技术转移与区域经济发展》,经济管理出版社,2004年版,第1-2页。
①IMD World competitiveness year book :Switzerland: Lausanne Press, 2003, pp.10-45.
①肖红叶:《2005中国区域竞争力发展报告》,中国统计出版社,2006年版,第2页。
②倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力理论研究与实证分析(第一版)》,中国经济出版社,2001年版,第58页。
①胡永宏,贺思辉:《综合评价方法》,科学出版社, 2000年版,第80-150页。
①魏后凯:《现代区域经济学》,经济管理出版社,2006年版,第179页。
②侯景新、尹卫红:《区域经济分析方法》,商务印书馆,2005年版,第122-153页。
①晁先锋:《低效率技术引进陷阱不可不防》,载于《长春市委党校》2008年第4期,第36-37页。
①晁先锋:《自主创新是避免“低效率技术引进陷阱”的必然选择》,载于《四川行政学院学报》2008年第4期,第87-88页。
①范旭:《论政府在技术转移中的作用》,载于《生产力研究》1996第5期,第40-42页。
[1]Caselli, F&D Wilson (2004),“Importing technology”, Journal of Monetary Economics 51(1):1-32.
[2]IMD World competitiveness year book [M]. Switzerland: Lausanne Press, 2003, pp. 10-45.
[3] Edward K.Y.Chen ,1994, Transnational corporations and technology transfer to developing countries , London.
[4]顾纪瑞.中国八十年代技术转移和技术进步[J].学海,1996(5).
[5]吴贵生.技术创新管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[6]陈小洪等.产业联盟与创新[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.
[7]谢富纪.技术转移与技术交易[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[8]刘志迎.现代产业经济学教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[9]林毅夫等.技术选择、技术扩散与经济收敛[J].财经问题研究,2004(6):3-5.
[10]张玉杰.技术转移:理论·方法·战略[M].北京:企业管理出版社,2003.
[11]郭燕青.技术转移与区域经济发展[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2004.
[12]晁先锋.自主创新是避免“低效率技术引进陷阱”的必然选择[J].四川行政学院学报,2008(4):87-88.
[13]肖红叶.2005中国区域竞争力发展报告[R].北京:中国统计出版社,2006.
[14]倪鹏飞.中国城市竞争力理论研究与实证分析(第一版)[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2001.
[15]胡永宏,贺思辉.综合评价方法.北京:科学出版社, 2000.
[16]魏后凯.现代区域经济学[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2006.
[17]侯景新、尹卫红.区域经济分析方法[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005.
[18]晁先锋.低效率技术引进陷阱不可不防[J].长春市委党校,2008(5):36-37.
[19]范旭.论政府在技术转移中的作用[J].生产力研究,1996,(5):40-42.
[20]中国统计年鉴(相关年份).中国统计出版社.
[21]林毅夫、张鹏飞.适宜技术、技术选择和发展中国家的经济增长[J].经济学季刊,2006,5(4):986-1005.
[22]胡慧芬.国家技术创新体系对企业国际竞争力的影响[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2007(06).
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