我国科技资源空间分布的实证研究
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摘要
随着我国经济增长方式的转变,科技支撑和引领经济社会发展的作用将越来越强,无论是国家还是区域都需要依托科技资源加强创新能力建设。迄今为止,学术界对区域经济已经开展了相当多的研究,但是对区域科技的研究较少,对影响区域创新能力的科技资源空间分布特征的研究则更少。本论文旨在揭示我国科技资源空间分布特征及其成因,为我国区域科技发展,提高科技资源配置效率,增强区域自主创新能力提供研究基础。
论文借鉴区域经济学的相关研究方法,通过对科技资源总量、结构的空间分布、科技与经济空间分布特征比较等方面的研究,揭示了我国科技资源空间分布的特征;在理论与实证研究的基础上,采用多元回归分析方法分析了我国科技资源空间分布的成因;在分布特征及其成因研究的基础上,构建了我国科技资源空间布局优化的模型,并提出了我国科技资源空间布局优化的战略思路。通过分析,论文得出以下结论:
(1)根据科技资源分布特点,全国可分为中央科技极、沿海科技带、内陆科技圈、科技发展区和科技欠发达五类科技区域,不同科技区域具有不同的科技发展特征;
(2)无论从国家还是从省区内科技资源的空间分布看,科技的空间集聚性非常明显,而且科技具有比经济活动空间分布更加集中的特征;
(3)区域经济发展水平、区域产业特征、区域科技基础和国家科技的区域布局等是影响我国科技资源空间分布的主要原因;
(4)基于科技资源布局的区域科技发展战略包括:国家的科技集聚区战略、省区的中心城市带动发展战略、国家创新体系与区域创新体系融合发展战略等。
As the economic development pattern changes, S&T (science and technology) is playing an ever-stronger role in supporting and guiding economic and social development. S&T resources are much relied on both at national and regional level to enhance capacity building in innovations. Up to now, quite a number of research works have been made in regional economy, while less were seen in regional S&T. Even less attention is given to the characteristics of spatial distribution of S&T resources that affect regional capacity in innovations. This essay is aimed to probe the characteristics and causes for spatial distribution of S&T resources in China, therefore providing some basic research input that will facilitate S&T development at regional level, improve the efficiency of S&T resource allocations, and enhance regional capacity in independent innovations.
Methodologies in regional economics are applied in the essay, where total S&T resources, spatial distribution of structures and comparisons between S&T and the economics are studied to outline the spatial distribution characteristics of S&T resources in China. On the basis of theoretical and practical approaches, multi-regression analysis is applied to explore the causes for spatial distribution of S&T resources in China. Furthermore, an optimized spatial distribution model for S&T resources are established, and the strategy for spatial development of S&T is proposed. Based on the analysis, the following observation are made:
Firstly, by distribution characteristics of S&T resources, the country could be categorized into five, namely the Central S&T Pole, Seaboard S&T Belt, Inland S&T Circle, S&T Developing Zone and S&T Less Developed Region, each of which presents differentiated characteristics in S&T development.
论文借鉴区域经济学的相关研究方法,通过对科技资源总量、结构的空间分布、科技与经济空间分布特征比较等方面的研究,揭示了我国科技资源空间分布的特征;在理论与实证研究的基础上,采用多元回归分析方法分析了我国科技资源空间分布的成因;在分布特征及其成因研究的基础上,构建了我国科技资源空间布局优化的模型,并提出了我国科技资源空间布局优化的战略思路。通过分析,论文得出以下结论:
(1)根据科技资源分布特点,全国可分为中央科技极、沿海科技带、内陆科技圈、科技发展区和科技欠发达五类科技区域,不同科技区域具有不同的科技发展特征;
(2)无论从国家还是从省区内科技资源的空间分布看,科技的空间集聚性非常明显,而且科技具有比经济活动空间分布更加集中的特征;
(3)区域经济发展水平、区域产业特征、区域科技基础和国家科技的区域布局等是影响我国科技资源空间分布的主要原因;
(4)基于科技资源布局的区域科技发展战略包括:国家的科技集聚区战略、省区的中心城市带动发展战略、国家创新体系与区域创新体系融合发展战略等。
As the economic development pattern changes, S&T (science and technology) is playing an ever-stronger role in supporting and guiding economic and social development. S&T resources are much relied on both at national and regional level to enhance capacity building in innovations. Up to now, quite a number of research works have been made in regional economy, while less were seen in regional S&T. Even less attention is given to the characteristics of spatial distribution of S&T resources that affect regional capacity in innovations. This essay is aimed to probe the characteristics and causes for spatial distribution of S&T resources in China, therefore providing some basic research input that will facilitate S&T development at regional level, improve the efficiency of S&T resource allocations, and enhance regional capacity in independent innovations.
Methodologies in regional economics are applied in the essay, where total S&T resources, spatial distribution of structures and comparisons between S&T and the economics are studied to outline the spatial distribution characteristics of S&T resources in China. On the basis of theoretical and practical approaches, multi-regression analysis is applied to explore the causes for spatial distribution of S&T resources in China. Furthermore, an optimized spatial distribution model for S&T resources are established, and the strategy for spatial development of S&T is proposed. Based on the analysis, the following observation are made:
Firstly, by distribution characteristics of S&T resources, the country could be categorized into five, namely the Central S&T Pole, Seaboard S&T Belt, Inland S&T Circle, S&T Developing Zone and S&T Less Developed Region, each of which presents differentiated characteristics in S&T development.
引文
①吴贵生等.区域科技浅论.《科学学研究》.2004 年第 6 期,第 56 页。
①陈敬良 等著:《90 年代中国高等教育热点透视》,上海科学技术出版社,2000 年,第 83 页。
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