摘要
区域产业竞争力和技术效率研究一直以来都是经济学和管理学领域研究的热点问题,但是,目前对于区域产业竞争力的研究和技术效率的研究自成体系,尚未有学者对两者结合进行研究。基于此,本文在综合国内外学者己有的研究基础上,从技术效率与区域产业竞争力之间的关系入手,按照提出问题、理论分析、实证检验的脉络,较为系统深入地揭示了技术效率促进区域产业竞争力提升的内在机理,从而弥补了现有研究在这方面的缺漏。具体来说,本文主要完成了以下一些工作:
第一,在对本文的选题背景和研究意义进行相关论述后,围绕本文所涉及的国内外相关研究进行述评,提出本文需要解决的具体问题,在此基础上搭建起全文的总体框架,并对本文所采用的主要研究方法进行了相关介绍。
第二,在对区域产业竞争力的概念进行界定后,探讨了区域产业竞争力的生态位本质和特征,并在此基础上提出区域产业竞争力的生态位模型,为研究区域产业竞争力奠定了坚实的理论基础。
第三,在对技术效率的内涵进行界定后,探讨了技术效率在产业发展中的作用,并在此基础上提出技术效率促进区域产业竞争力提升的动力模型,揭示了技术效率对区域产业竞争力提升的促进机理。
第四,以电子信息产业为例,采用全局主成分分析法和基于差别系数的改进SFA模型分别对我国省级区域电子信息产业竞争力和技术效率进行了实证测算,从静态和动态的角度分别采用面板数据回归和面板协整分析对两者关系进行了实证检验。
第五,从影响产业技术效率的因素进行理论分析入手,实证检验了这些因素对电子信息产业技术效率改善的影响程度和作用方向,在此基础上提出通过提高技术效率进而提升区域产业竞争力的对策建议。
The research of regional industrial competitiveness and technical efficiency has been the central issues of research field in economics and management science, while the research of regional industrial competitiveness and technical efficiency each has its own system, the scholars haven't yet studied combining the two issues. On basis of the research of the domestic and foreign scholars, the author systematically and thoroughly reveals the promotion mechanism of the technical efficiency to regional industrial competitiveness from the prespective of relationship between the technical efficiency and regional industrial competitiveness and according to the sequence of posing questions, theory analysis and empirical tests in this paper, which make up the weakness of the existing studies in this field. Specifically, this paper has mainly completed the following work:
Firstly, after discussing the research background and significance of the paper, the author reviews the relevant research at home and abroad and proposes the specific problems to be solved in this paper, then on basis of it, builds the overall framework and introduces the main research methods.
Secondly, after defining the concept of regional industrial competitiveness, the author discusses the niche nature and features of regional industrial competitive, and on basis of it, puts forward the niche models of region industry competitiveness, which build the solid theoretical foundation to study regional industrial competitiveness.
Thirdly, after defining the concept of the technical efficiency, the author discusses the role of the technical efficiency in the development of industry, and on basis of it, puts forward the dynamic model of promotion of technical efficiency to regional industrial competitiveness which reveals the promotion mechanism of technical efficiency to regional industry competitiveness.
Fourthly, by taking the electronic information industry as an example, the author separately calculates the electronic information industry competition ability and technical efficiency of China's provincial regions by using unitary principal component analysis and modified differential coefficient-based SFA model, and on basis of it, empirically tests their relationship by using panel data regression and panel cointegration Analysis respectively from static and dynamic perspective.
Fifthly, from the perspective of theoretical analysis of the factors of the industrial technical efficiency, the author empirical test the effect and direction of these factors to the improvement of electronic information industry technical efficiency, on basis of it, puts forward some countermeasures of enhancing regional industrial competitiveness through improving technical efficiency.
引文
[1]Michael E. Porter. Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York:The Free Press,1990.
[2]王缉慈.创新的空间:企业集群与区域发展.北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[3]Farrell M. J. The Measurement of Production Efficiency. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series A, General,1957.
[4]亚当·斯密著,郭大力译.国民财富的性质和原因的研究.北京:商务印刷馆,2004.
[5]李嘉图著,周洁译.政治经济学及赋税原理.北京:华夏出版社,2005.
[6]闫红珍,童西琳.国际贸易理论.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[7]李斯特著,邱伟立译.政治经济学的国民体系.北京:华夏出版社,2009.
[8]苏东水.产业经济学.北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[9]Gerschenkron A. Economic Bachwardness in Historical Perspective. Harvard University Press,1962.
[10]任丽萍.国际贸易理论与实务.北京:清华大学出版社,2008.
[11]Dunning, J. H.. Internationalizing Porter's diamond. Management Intenational review, 1993, (2):8-15.
[12]Cho Dong Sung. A Dynamic Approach to international competitiveness:the Case of Korea. Journal of Far Eastern Business,1994(1):17-36.
[13]Hermansa C M L, Geijzendorffera I R, Ewert F. Exploring the Future of European Crop Production in a Liberalized Market, with Specific Consideration of Climate Change and the regional Competitiveness. Ecological Modelling,2011(221):2177-2187.
[14]Crago CL, KhannaM, Barton J. Competitiveness of BraZilian Sugarcane Ethanol Compared to US Corn Ethanol. Energy Policy,2010(38):7404-7415.
[15]Rakotoarisoa M, Gulati A. Competitiveness and Trade Potentil of India's Dairy industry. Food Policy,2006(31):216-227.
[16]Hauteclocque A, Glachant J M. Long-term Energy Supply Contracts in European Competition Policy:Fuzzy not Crazy. Energy Policy,2009(37):5399-5407.
[17]Park Y H, Choi J K, Zhang A. Evaluating Competitiveness of Air Cargo Express Services. Transportation Research Part E,2009(45):321-334.
[18]Tavitiyamana P, Qub H, Zhang H Q. The Impact of Industry Force Factors on Resource Competitive Strategies and Hotel. International Journal of Hospitality Management,2011(6):32-45.
[19]Leibenstein H. Allocative Efficiency VS "X-efficiency".American Economic Review, 1996,56:392-415.
[20]Lau K., Brada J. Technological Progress and Technical Efficiency in Chinese Industrial Growth:A Frontier Production Function Approach [J]. China Economic Review,1990,1: 113-124.
[21]史君卿,吴敬学,窦以文.技术效率分析中的主要方法及其比较研究.农业经济问题,2008,(S1):51-58.
[22]Aigner D J, Chu D S. On Estimating the Industry Production Function. American Economic Review,1968,58(8):26-98.
[23]Afriat, S. N. Efficiency Estimation of Production Functions. International Economic Review,1972,13(3):568-598.
[24]Richmond J. Estimating The Efficiency of Production. International Economic Review, 1974:15:515-521.
[25]Aigner D J, Lovell C A, Schmidt P. Formulation Application Function Models. Journal of Econometrics and Estimation of Empirical 1977,6:21-37.
[26]Meeusen, W. Broeck, V. Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with composed Error. International Economics Review,1977,18:435-444.
[27]Charnes, A, Cooper, W. W, Rhodes, E. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research,1978,6(2):429-444.
[28]Charnes A, Cooper W W, Golany B, Seiford, et al. Foundations of Data Analysis for Pareto-Koopmans Efficient Empirical Production Functions. Journal of Econometrics, 1985,30(1):91-100.
[29]Beeson P E, Steven H. Patterns and Determinants of Productive in State Manufacturing. Journal of Regional Science,1989, (1):15-28.
[30]Perelman Sergio. R&D, Technological Progress and Efficiency Change in Industrial Activities. Review of Income and Wealth, Blackwell Publishing,1995,41(3):349-66.
[31]Ephraim C W. Privatization and Technical Efficiency:Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector in Malawi. African Development Review,2001,13(2):276-307.
[32]Granderson G. Parametric Analysis of Cost Inefficiency and the Decompostion of Productivity Growth for Regulated Firms. Applied Economics,1997,(29):339-348.
[33]Hailu A, Veeman T S. Comparative Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity Growth in Canadian Regional Boreal Logging Industries. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2003,33 (9):1653-1660.
[34]Tim J C, Prasada D S. Total factor productivity growth in agriculture:a Malmquist index analysis of 93 countries,1980-2000 Agricultural Economics. International Association of Agricultural Economists,2003,32(s1):115-134.
[35]Natalia A. Agricultural Productivity of the Spanish Regions:A Non-parametric Malmquist Analysis. Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals,1998,30(7):875-894.
[36]Bhattacharyya A, Lovell C, Sahay P. The Impact of Liberalization on the Productive Efficiency of Indian Commercial Banks. European Journal of Operational Research,1998,98:332-345.
[37]Drake L. Efficiency and Productivity Change in UK Banking. Applied Financial Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals,2001,11(5):557-571.
[38]曹云峰.我国产业竞争力评价与分析.中国经贸导刊,2004(20):22-24.
[39]刘晓辉,郭继鸣,马冬梅.产业国际竞争力影响因素分析.湖北经济学院学报(人文社科版),2007(3):59-60.
[40]陈颖.产业竞争力影响因素与产业政策作用机制分析.商业时代,2009(10):80-81.
[41]谢盼盼.区域产业竞争力影响因素分析.消费导刊,2009(1):63.
[42]朱春奎.产业竞争力的理论研究.生产力研究,2003(6):182-183.
[43]刘小铁.产业竞争力因素分析.南昌:江西人民出版社,2009.
[44]周燕,齐中英.产业竞争力及其来源分析.商业研究,2004(8):26-27.
[45]吴海建等.区域产业竞争力评价.中国统计,2000(12):16-17.
[46]陈红儿,陈刚.区域产业竞争力评价模型与案例分析.中国经济问题,2001(5):27-35.
[47]仇方道,朱传耿.区域产业竞争力综合评价研究.国土与自然资源研究,2003(3):7-9.
[48]朱春奎.区域产业竞争力评价指标与方法.江西行政学院学报,2003(1):62-64.
[49]赵立新,郑刚.一个关于区域产业竞争力评价的理论框架.云南科技管理,2003(4):22-24.
[50]王建平,王晓颖,龙昊等.区域软件产业竞争力评价体系及方法研究.软件世界,2004(7):62-63
[51]喻荣春,孙学君.区域产业竞争力的层次评价研究.江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2005(2):47-50.
[52]陈卫平,赵彦云.中国区域农业竞争力评价与分析.管理世界,2005(3):85-93.
[53]张利庠,谭智心.我国饲料产业区域产业竞争力评价分析.农业技术经济,2007(2):53-60.
[54]陈坚飞.区域物流产业竞争力评价体系研究.商品储运与养护,2007(1):17-19.
[55]车斌.投影寻踪模型在区域海水养殖产业竞争力综合评价中的应用.中国渔业经济,2007(2):22-24.
[56]卢金逢,倪刚,熊建萍.区域体育产业竞争力评价与实证研究.体育科学,2009,29(6):28-38.
[57]邓兆祥,杨杰.区域汽车零部件产业评价模型及实证分析.重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2009,15(3):6-11.
[58]李雪茹.区域文化产业竞争力评价分析——基于VRIO模型的修正.人文地理,2009(5):76-80.
[59]王兆峰.区域旅游产业竞争力评价指标体系的构建.经济管理,2009,31(8):33-38.
[60]王丽君,李廷.试析中国纺织产业区域竞争力的综合评价.东华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,35(6):737-742.
[61]张继良,胡荣华.区域产业竞争力评价体系研究——基于江苏产业转型升级背景.产业经济研究,2010(6):72-80.
[62]刘小玄,郑京海.国有企业效率的决定因素:1985-1994.经济研究,1998,(1):15-19.
[63]李京文,钟学义.中国生产率分析前沿.北京:社会科学文献出版社,1998.
[64]孙建国,李文溥.电力企业技术效率和全要素生产率增长的国际比较.中国经济问题,2003(6):34-40.
[65]赵玻,王连.我国汽车产业技术效率及其影响因素实证分析.生产力研究,2004(12):157-159.
[66]朱顺林.基于技术效率的产业效率比较分析.宁波大学学报(理工版),2005(4):105-109.
[67]涂正革,肖耿.中国的工业生产力革命:大中型工业企业随机前沿生产模型实证分析.经济研究,2005(3):4-15.
[68]王东.我国核电与火电技术效率的比较研究.科技与管理,2005(4):4-7.
[69]王争,史晋川.转型时期中国工业生产绩效的地区差异及波动性的解释——基于随机前沿生产函数的分析.世界经济文汇,2007(4):29-34.
[70]陈勇,唐朱昌.中国工业的技术选择与技术进步:1985-2003.经济研究,2006(9):22-32.
[71]魏世红.中国高技术产业技术效率研究:(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2008.
[72]廖耀先.种植业生产技术效率的讨论与度量.技术经济,1994(9):38-41.
[73]万广华.随机边界生产函数和平均技术效率的估算.农业技术经济,1988(1):23-26.
[74]孟令杰.中国农业产出技术效率动态研究.农业技术经济,2000(5):1-4.
[75]张涛,周曙东.我国农业竞争力与技术效率分析.中国农业经济评论,2003(4):417-425.
[76]黄武,王凯.中国大豆生产效率分析.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2004(1):21-25.
[77]赵旭.国有商业银行效率的实证分析.经济科学,2000(6):46-51.
[78]魏煜,王丽.中国商业银行效率研究:一种非参数的分析.金融研究,2000(3):88-96.
[79]李希义,任若恩.国有商业银行效率变化及趋势分析.中国软科学,2004(1):57-62.
[80]王付彪.我国商业银行技术效率与技术进步实证研究(1998-2004).金融研究,2006,(8):122-132.
[81]伊特韦尔.新帕尔雷夫经济学大辞典.北京:经济科学出版社,1996.
[82]金碚.中国工业国际竞争力--理论、方法和实证研究.北京:经济管理出版社,1997.
[83]冀县卿,田珍.区域产业竞争力分析:以苏中地区为例.扬州大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003(5):14.
[84]李春林等.区域产业竞争力:理论与实证.北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
[85]葛敏,许长新.组织生态视角下的我国上市银行生存力研究.财经研究,2008(2):41-52.
[86]李博.生态学.北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[87]罗亚非,韩文玲.从生态位的角度分析我国汽车产业发展存在的问题工业技术经济,2007(3):81-85.
[88]王芳,林妙花,沙润.基于生态位态势的江苏省区域旅游经济协调发展研究.南京师大学报(自然科学版),2009,32(4):139-144.
[89]程道品,王丽娜.基于生态位理论的桂林县域旅游竞争态势研究.成都理工大学学报(社会科学版),2010,18(3):
[90]李挚,朱金兆,朱清科.生态位理论及其测度研究进展.北京林业大学学报,2003(3):100-104.
[91]魏后凯,吴利学.中国地区工业竞争力评价.中国工业经济,2002(11):54-62.
[92]咎廷全.产业经济系统研究.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[93]熊彼特著,李默译.财富增长论——经济发展理论.西安:陕西师范大学出版社,2003.
[94]张纯荣.吉林省产业竞争力评价与分析:(硕士学位论文).长春:长春理工大学,2008.
[95]范小屏.企业竞争力多相测度指标体系的构造.中国工业经济,1997(5):39-44.
[96]龚奇峰等.工业竞争力评价方法及其应用,中国软科学,2001(9):13-20.
[97]徐琼.技术效率与前沿面理论评述.财经论丛,2005(2):29-34.
[98]Fare R, Lovell C A K. Measuring the technical efficiency of production. Journal of Economic Theory,1978,19:150-162.
[99]颜鹏飞,王兵.技术进步、技术效率与中国生产率增长.经济研究,2004,(12):55-65.
[100]Solow R M. Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics,1957,39(3):312-320.
[101]哈肯著,张纪岳译.协同学导论.西安:西北大学科研处,1981.
[102]Odeck J. Assessing the relative efficiency and productivity Growth of vehicle inspection services:an application of DEA and malmquist indices. European Journal of Operational Research,2000(126):501-514.
[103]魏世红,谭开明.技术效率促进高技术产业发展的机理分析.科技进步与对策,2009,26(7):63-65.
[104]万伦来,鹿立林,刘子农.中国汽车产业技术效率分析.技术经济,2010,29(2):39-44.
[105]徐琼.基于技术效率的区域经济竞争力提升研究(博士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[106]魏世红.中国高技术产业研究(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉大学,2005.
[107]Cuesta R A. A Production Model with Firm-specific Temporal Variation in Technical Inefficiency:With Application to Spanish Dairy Farms. Journal of Productivity Analysis,2000,13(2):139-158.
[108]Hossin M A, Mmulugeta Y. Technical Efficiency of the Uganda Matoke Farms. Applied Economic Letters,1996(13):27-57.
[109]李建,徐海成.技术进步与我国产业结构调整关系的实证研究.软科学,2011,25(4):8-13.
[110]Hossin M A, Karunaratne N D. Trade Liberalization and Technical Efficiency:Evidence from Banladesh Manufacturing Industries. Journal of Development Studies,2004,40 (3):87-114.
[111]钟鸣长.自主创新能力与地区技术效率提升的关联机制及实证分析.常熟理工学院学报,2011(1):40-45.
[112]刘志迎,叶蓁.中国高技术产业各行业技术效率的实证分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2006(9):22-27.
[113]Los B, Timmer M P. The Appropriate Technology Explanation of Productivity Growth Differentials:An Emprirical Approach. Journal of Development Economics,2005,77:25-48.
[114]杨雪.辽宁省生产者服务业竞争力评价研究(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[115]潘雄锋,王君.辽宁省与南方经济发达省份对外开放软环境研究.科技与经济,2008(2):38-40.
[116]Jolliffe,I. T. Principal Component Analysis. New York:Springer,1986.
[117]黎谦.全局主成分法在上市公司财务预警中的应用研究(硕士学位论文).长沙:湖南大学,2006.
[118]Gong B H, Sickles R C. Finite Sample Evidence on the Performance of Stochastic Frontiers and Data Envelopment Analysis Using Panel Data. Journal of Economics,1992,51:259-284.
[119]Lai, Young-Jou, Ting-Yun Liu, Ching-Lai Hwang. TOPSIS for MODM. European Journal of Operational Research,1994,76(3):486-500.
[120]张海洋.R&D两面性、外资活动与中国工业生产率增长.经济研究,2005(5):107-117.
[121]孙昭君.基于面板数据模型的我国海洋产业就业状况及趋势分析:(硕士学位论文).青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[122]Fisher R A. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh,1932.
[123]Pedroni P. Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regression. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,1999,61:653-670.
[124]Kao C. Spurious Regression and Residual-based Tests for Coninlegration in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics,1999,90:1-44.
[125]Phillips P, Hansen B. Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I (1) Processes. Review of Economic Studies,1990,57:99-125.
[126]Stock J H, Watson M A. Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Ordered Systems, Econometrica,1993,61:783-820.
[127]Pedroni P. Fully Modified OLS for Heterogeneous Cointegrated Panels. Advances in Econometrics,2000(15):93-130.
[128]Pedroni P. Purchasing Power Parity Tests in Cointegrated Panels Review of Economics and Statistics,2001,83:727-31.
[129]苗丽.中国国有商业银行效率影响因素研究(博士学位论文).成都:西南财经大学,2006.
[130]陈宏军,江若尘.经营者的激励约束机制与企业效率关系的三维分析方法.数量经济技术经济研究,2003(5):71-74.
[131]涂正革,肖耿.中国工业生产力革命的制度及市场基础——中国大中型工业企业间技术效率差距因素的随机前沿生产模型分析.经济评论,2005(4):50-62.
[132]姚洋,章奇.中国工业企业技术效率分析.经济研究,2001(10):13-21.
[133]肖耿.产权与中国的经济改革.北京:中国社会科学文献出版社,1997.
[134]刘小玄.中国工业企业的所有制结构对效率差异的影响.经济研究,2000(2):17-27.
[135]钱颖一.激励与约束.经济社会体制比较,1999(5):7-13.
[136]林毅夫等.充分信息与国有企业改革.上海:上海三联书店,1997.
[137]Zheng, J, Liu, X, Bigsten, A. Ownership Structure and Determinants of Technical Efficiency:an Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Chinese Enterprises (1986-1990). Journal of Comparative Economics,1998,26(3):465-484.
[138]王宏达,赵志强,陈士俊.科研院所企业化运作的效率评价与实证研究.科技管理研究,2006(11):26-28.
[139]陈柳钦.高新技术产业发展的人力资本支持研究.渤海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007(2):134-140.
[140]Griffith R, Redding S, Van Reen, Mapping the Two Facts of R&D:Procutivity Growth in a Panel of OECD Industries, CEPR Discussion Paper,2000.
[141]张维迎.经济高增长需要技术进步.中华工商时报,2003-11-20.
[142]刘志迎.基于效率理论的高技术产业增长研究(博士学位论文).南京:南京农业大学,2006.
[143]刘黎清.市场结构与企业技术创新.科学管理研究,2001(3):25-28.