无槽永磁直线同步电动机设计与特性研究
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摘要
无槽永磁直线同步电动机是一种控制精度高、工艺简单的新型电机。从目前国内外检索到文献来看,研究的内容大部分都是围绕着该电机的静态特性;关于电机设计和动态特性的研究很少,有待于继续深入研究。本文针对无槽永磁直线同步电动机的设计与特性展开研究。
在合理假定的基础上,建立了无槽永磁直线同步电动机的物理模型。由于电机气隙较大,漏磁较多,采用体电流密度等效永磁体的磁化作用,等效电流密度沿着永磁体实际高度分布,电枢电流密度按实际分布处理。提出了无槽永磁直线同步电动机的“六层线性解析模型”,深入分析了电机内磁场。在此基础上,进行电磁设计,并编制了电磁校核程序。
结合无槽永磁直线同步电动机的解析磁场分析,采用解析法进行电机的动、静态特性分析,主要包括磁密、磁链、静态力-位移特性、电磁推力、磁阻阻力、自感、互感、速度及加速度等参数。利用有限元法加以验证,与解析的结果吻合较好,同时也满足了设计的要求,并对结果进行分析与讨论。结合解析磁场的分析,讨论了电机的结构参数对电磁参数和电机特性的影响,采用两种方法进行分析,得出一些有价值的结论,达到预期的效果。结果表明所选方法的有效性以及结构尺寸设计的合理性。
对无槽永磁直线同步电动机的设计、动静态特性以及结构参数进行具体地研究,有助于进一步完善理论,为无槽永磁直线同步电动机的发展奠定基础。
Slotless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is a kind of novel motor with high control precision and simple technology. From domestic and foreign papers, the majority of research is about static characteristics, while fewer documents are about design and dynamic characteristics that still need to be further research. Therefore, this paper does work on design and characteristics of slotless PMLSM.
Based on reasonable assumptions, physical model of slotless PMLSM is built. Due to larger air-gap and flux leakage in slotless PMLSM, volume current density, which distributes along actual height of PM, is adopted to be equivalent to magnetism of PM. Armature current density is considered according to its practical distribution. Six-layer linear analysis model of slotless PMLSM, which is used to analytical magnetic field, is proposed. Then, electromagnetic design and verification programs are proformed.
According to analysis of magnetic field of slotless PMLSM, static and dynamic characteristics are analyzed by the analytical method, which mainly include magnetic flux density, flux linkage, static force-displacement characteristics, electromagnetic thrust force, detent force, self-inductance, mutual inductance, velocity, acceleration, and so on. Then, analytical result is confirmed to agree with that of the finite element method (FEM). At the same time, it is satisfied with design requirements. Furthermore, the discussion on results is executed. Combining analysis of magnetic field, effects of structural parameters on electromagnetic parameters and performance parameters are discussed. Through analytical method and the finite element method, the predicted results are obtained as well as the valueable conclusion, which indicates the validity of analytical method and rationality of structural design.
Researching concretely slotless PMLSM with respect to design, static and dynamic characteristics and structural parameters can be helpful to perfect the theory of motor, and also lay the foundation for further development of slotless PMLSM.
在合理假定的基础上,建立了无槽永磁直线同步电动机的物理模型。由于电机气隙较大,漏磁较多,采用体电流密度等效永磁体的磁化作用,等效电流密度沿着永磁体实际高度分布,电枢电流密度按实际分布处理。提出了无槽永磁直线同步电动机的“六层线性解析模型”,深入分析了电机内磁场。在此基础上,进行电磁设计,并编制了电磁校核程序。
结合无槽永磁直线同步电动机的解析磁场分析,采用解析法进行电机的动、静态特性分析,主要包括磁密、磁链、静态力-位移特性、电磁推力、磁阻阻力、自感、互感、速度及加速度等参数。利用有限元法加以验证,与解析的结果吻合较好,同时也满足了设计的要求,并对结果进行分析与讨论。结合解析磁场的分析,讨论了电机的结构参数对电磁参数和电机特性的影响,采用两种方法进行分析,得出一些有价值的结论,达到预期的效果。结果表明所选方法的有效性以及结构尺寸设计的合理性。
对无槽永磁直线同步电动机的设计、动静态特性以及结构参数进行具体地研究,有助于进一步完善理论,为无槽永磁直线同步电动机的发展奠定基础。
Slotless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is a kind of novel motor with high control precision and simple technology. From domestic and foreign papers, the majority of research is about static characteristics, while fewer documents are about design and dynamic characteristics that still need to be further research. Therefore, this paper does work on design and characteristics of slotless PMLSM.
Based on reasonable assumptions, physical model of slotless PMLSM is built. Due to larger air-gap and flux leakage in slotless PMLSM, volume current density, which distributes along actual height of PM, is adopted to be equivalent to magnetism of PM. Armature current density is considered according to its practical distribution. Six-layer linear analysis model of slotless PMLSM, which is used to analytical magnetic field, is proposed. Then, electromagnetic design and verification programs are proformed.
According to analysis of magnetic field of slotless PMLSM, static and dynamic characteristics are analyzed by the analytical method, which mainly include magnetic flux density, flux linkage, static force-displacement characteristics, electromagnetic thrust force, detent force, self-inductance, mutual inductance, velocity, acceleration, and so on. Then, analytical result is confirmed to agree with that of the finite element method (FEM). At the same time, it is satisfied with design requirements. Furthermore, the discussion on results is executed. Combining analysis of magnetic field, effects of structural parameters on electromagnetic parameters and performance parameters are discussed. Through analytical method and the finite element method, the predicted results are obtained as well as the valueable conclusion, which indicates the validity of analytical method and rationality of structural design.
Researching concretely slotless PMLSM with respect to design, static and dynamic characteristics and structural parameters can be helpful to perfect the theory of motor, and also lay the foundation for further development of slotless PMLSM.
引文
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[2] Mi-Yang Kim, Yong-Chul Kim, and Gyu-Tak Kim. Design of slotless-type PMLSM for high power density using divided PM. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, March 2004.40(2):746-749
[3] Sang-Yong Jung, Jang-Sung Chun, and Hym-Kyo Jung. Performance evolution of slotless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor energized by partially excited primary current. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, September 2001. 37(5):3757-3761
[4] Gyu-Hong Kang, Jung-Pyo Hong, and Gyu-Tak Kim, Member, IEEE. Design and analysis of slotless-type permanent magnet linear brushless motor by using equivalent magnetizing current. IEEE Transactions on Industry application, September/October 2001.37(5):1241-1247
[5] Chun-Gil Jung, Dong-Yeup Lee and Gyu-Tak Kim. Optimal design and analysis of a slotless type permanent magnet linear synchronous motor using 3-D space harmonic method. Asian Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics, 2003.1-6
[6] Sang-Yong Jung, Jae-Kwang Kim, Hyun-Kyo Jung, Senior Member, IEEE, Cheol-Gyun Lee, and Sun-Ki Hong. Size optimization of steel-cored PMLSM aimed for rapid and smooth driving on short reciprocating trajectory using auto-tuning niching genetic algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, March 2004. 40(2): 750- 753
[7] Mu Sun Woo, Yong Ho Yoon, Seung Jun Lee, Chung Yuen Won, Member, IEEE, You Young Choe. Comparison of characteristics using two Hall-Ics and one Hall-IC for 3 phase slotless PM brushless DC motor. The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2-6 November, 2004. Busan, Korean. 2: 1380- 1384
[8] Seok-Myeong Jang, Dae-Joon You, Won-Bum Jang, Seo-Jung Chul, Byung-Han Kim, Jeong-Joon Lee. Dynamic characteristics for position control of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor with control parameters. Proceedings ofthe Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Sept. 2005. 3:1893-1898
[9] S.M. Jang, Member, IEEE, D.J.You, Student, Member, IEEE, and W.B.Jang, S.C. Han. System design of the slotless iron-cored PMLSM for dynamic parameters variation and DC link voltage decision. Industry Applications Conference, 2-6 Oct. 2005.3:2125-2131
[10]叶云岳.国内外直线电机技术的发展与应用综述.中国科技论文在线, 2005 -03.1-9
[11]焦留成.垂直运动永磁直线同步电动机电磁参数及特性研究[博士学位论文].徐州:中国矿业大学北京校区,1998-05
[12]直线电机的发展历史.电机论坛,2005-09-06
[13]王新欢.永磁直线同步电动机垂直运输系统整体优化策略研究[硕士学位论文].河南:河南理工大学,2005-07
[14]胡淑华,郑宝才,唐任远.稀土永磁电机的发展趋势――大功率化、高功能化、微型化.北京:电气应用(原电工技术杂志),1995.(4):5-27
[15] Kaddouri A, Le-Huy H. Analysis and design of a slotless NdFeB permanent magnet synchronous motor for direct drive. Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 4-9 Oct. 1992.1:271-278
[16]汪旭东.永磁直线同步电机统一解析理论及应用研究[博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学,2002
[17]刘瑞芳.基于电磁场数值计算的永磁电机性能分析方法研究[博士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2002-12-01
[18]郭仁生,苏君,卢洪胜编著.优化设计应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003-08
[19]杨向宇.电机的计算机辅助设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1996-07.41-91
[20]焦留成,汪旭东,袁世鹰.直线感应电动机的优化设计研究.北京:中国电机工程学宝,1999.19(4):81-83
[21]叶云岳,林友仰编著.计算机辅助电机优化设计与制造.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1998-06
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