低速永磁直线同步电机暂态数学模型的研究及其自起动分析
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摘要
本文所研究的低速永磁直线同步电动机是一种新型低速电机,它利用定动子双面开槽引起的气隙磁导变化原理,拟不采用变频设备、齿轮及传动配套装置直接实现电机的低速运行。它具有推力大、损耗低、时间常数小、响应快、停止运行时有一定自锁能力等一系列优点。
本文首先介绍了低速永磁直线同步电机的基本结构,用气隙磁导波概念分析了电机的基本工作原理及低速同步条件,在此基础上建立了低速永磁直线同步电机的暂态数学模型,针对低速永磁直线同步电机的结构特点,在合理假设的基础上,应用绕组函数的理论对低速永磁直线电机的初级绕组进行了傅里叶分析,导出了低速永磁直线电机的三相绕组函数,通过对电机暂态过程中的磁场分析,计算出了初、次级两边开槽的复合气隙导磁系数表达式,推导出了低速永磁直线同步电动机的瞬时电感系数的表达式等电磁参数公式。该模型考虑了开槽效应、电感参数随电机动子位移及初始位置变化、绕组不对称等因素,并通过对各种参数的计算推导出了低速永磁直线同步电机自起动需要满足的条件。
本文最后利用SIMULINK工具对电机的起动过程进行仿真,证明了低速永磁电机运行速度低、响应快、时间常数小的优点,在合理设计低速永磁直线电机结构的前提下电机具备自起动的可能性。文章最后对低速永磁直线电机起动过程中运动状态进行了分析。
Low speed permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (LPMLSM) is a new type of high efficient motor, which is basic on the change of air-gap permeability while it is slotted both stator and moving part, can work without converter, gear and driving device at a low speed. It has a series of advantages of high thrust intensity, low loss, short time-constant, rapid response, easy control and self-locking action when it brings to rest.
At first the construction of LPMLSM is introduced. With the conception of air-gap permeability wave, the fundamental operating principle and low-speed condition of LPMLSM is derived, transient mathematic model of LPMLSM is established. Under reasonable assumption and in view of the construction of LPMLSM, The primary winding is discussed using Fourier analysis method by motor's winding function theory, and then three-phase winding function can be derived. Based on transient analysis for the shape of magnetic air-gap magnetic line, the expression of primary-secondary air-gap magnetic capacity and instantaneous air-gap permeability and inductance which is caused by different permeability associated with primary-second slotting is presented. Factors such as slotting effort, movement of primary-secondary, asymmetrical winds are considered by this transient mathematic model. By means of the calculating the parameter of LPMLSM, the condition of self synchronizing is established.
The starting process of LPMLSM is simulated by using tool of MATLAB SIMULINK. It proves the advance of LPMLSM and the conclusion of self synchronizing possibility that is derived. At last the asynchronous process and steady state of LPMLSM is analyzed.
本文首先介绍了低速永磁直线同步电机的基本结构,用气隙磁导波概念分析了电机的基本工作原理及低速同步条件,在此基础上建立了低速永磁直线同步电机的暂态数学模型,针对低速永磁直线同步电机的结构特点,在合理假设的基础上,应用绕组函数的理论对低速永磁直线电机的初级绕组进行了傅里叶分析,导出了低速永磁直线电机的三相绕组函数,通过对电机暂态过程中的磁场分析,计算出了初、次级两边开槽的复合气隙导磁系数表达式,推导出了低速永磁直线同步电动机的瞬时电感系数的表达式等电磁参数公式。该模型考虑了开槽效应、电感参数随电机动子位移及初始位置变化、绕组不对称等因素,并通过对各种参数的计算推导出了低速永磁直线同步电机自起动需要满足的条件。
本文最后利用SIMULINK工具对电机的起动过程进行仿真,证明了低速永磁电机运行速度低、响应快、时间常数小的优点,在合理设计低速永磁直线电机结构的前提下电机具备自起动的可能性。文章最后对低速永磁直线电机起动过程中运动状态进行了分析。
Low speed permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (LPMLSM) is a new type of high efficient motor, which is basic on the change of air-gap permeability while it is slotted both stator and moving part, can work without converter, gear and driving device at a low speed. It has a series of advantages of high thrust intensity, low loss, short time-constant, rapid response, easy control and self-locking action when it brings to rest.
At first the construction of LPMLSM is introduced. With the conception of air-gap permeability wave, the fundamental operating principle and low-speed condition of LPMLSM is derived, transient mathematic model of LPMLSM is established. Under reasonable assumption and in view of the construction of LPMLSM, The primary winding is discussed using Fourier analysis method by motor's winding function theory, and then three-phase winding function can be derived. Based on transient analysis for the shape of magnetic air-gap magnetic line, the expression of primary-secondary air-gap magnetic capacity and instantaneous air-gap permeability and inductance which is caused by different permeability associated with primary-second slotting is presented. Factors such as slotting effort, movement of primary-secondary, asymmetrical winds are considered by this transient mathematic model. By means of the calculating the parameter of LPMLSM, the condition of self synchronizing is established.
The starting process of LPMLSM is simulated by using tool of MATLAB SIMULINK. It proves the advance of LPMLSM and the conclusion of self synchronizing possibility that is derived. At last the asynchronous process and steady state of LPMLSM is analyzed.
引文
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