基于事件模型的产品功能设计研究及应用
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摘要
产品概念设计是产品设计过程中最活跃、最富有创造性的阶段之一。功能是概念设计的主要处理对象。功能的抽象化、表达、分解和推理是概念设计阶段的核心问题。近年来，事件作为一种具有广阔应用前景的知识表示方法，逐渐成为如人工智能等知识处理领域的研究热点之一。本文从事件角度出发，研究基于事件模型的产品功能设计相关问题。完成的主要工作如下：
1.基于对产品构成本质问题的认知思考，提出了一种产品的事件认知方式。根据对产品具体实体构成和抽象功能构成的分析，从认知角度探讨了产品的事件构成问题，提出了一种将事件作为产品基本构成单元的认知方式：产品本质上可看作是保证体现产品功能的事件有控制地、有序发生的系统。产品的事件认知方式符合人们的思维习惯，便于理解和使用。
2.为了给事件这种产品基本构成单元提供统一的描述方式，建立了事件的数学描述模型。在事件表示模型中，采用命题逻辑来表示事件的本体，集合论和域关系演算来表示事件的变体，且变体是本体约束下事件的可变空间，进而成功地将事件的本体和变体有机结合来表示事件整体；基于事件表示模型，建立了描述事件选择、投影、例化、连接、分解及等价等操作的事件运算模型。上述两个模型统称为事件模型。事件模型的事件本体给出了事件的变化依据，事件变体圈定了事件的变化范围，事件操作实现了事件的变化方法，从而为产品功能设计和设计多样性的研究奠定了理论基础。
3.针对产品功能表达需同时表达功能内涵和外延的要求，提出了产品功能的事件表达方法。基于事件模型，采用事件的本体表示功能的内涵，事件的变体表示功能的外延，借助事件本体对变体的约束作用来反映功能内涵和外延的辩证关系，进而提出了产品功能的事件表达方法。同时，给出了描述功能的事件知识分类方法和组织方法，并提出了基于事件模型的产品发明创意提出方法。功能的事件表达方法有利于拓展设计空间，便于进行联想扩展，有助于得到更多创新解并提高设计问题的求解效率。
4.在事件功能表达方法的基础上，给出了基于事件模型的功能建模方法。在探讨了基于事件模型的产品设计多样性和功能设计基本过程的前提下，首先，给出了借助事件知识层次树实现总功能抽象的方法；其次，确定了事件功能的分解原则和分解方法，建立了表达产品功能构成的事件功能分解树，并给出了该树的图形表示、数学描述和求解算法等；最后，结合事件知识层次树，给出了拓展事件功能分解树的概念和拓展方法，并探讨了事件知识重用等问题。基于事件模型的功能建模方法可降低问题的复杂度，提高设计效率，拓展设计空间。
5.将基于事件模型的产品功能设计方法应用于空间可展开天线设计和网络智能自动辅导系统研发中，取得了满意的结果。一是，给出了可展开天线展开功能的事件表达和抽象，进而提出了两种新的可展开天线创意；二是，将上述模型和方法应用于“乐辅通”网络智能自动辅导系统的创意提出、总功能分解、功能结构建立及功能模块开发中，提高了系统的智能性和研发效率。这两个例子验证了本文模型和方法的正确性与有效性。
The conceptual design is one of the most active and creative stages in the productdesign process. The function is the main processing object of the conceptual design. Theabstraction, representation, decomposition and reasoning of function are the core issuesof the conceptual design. In recent years, as a kind of knowledge representation methodwith broad application prospects, the event has become one of the hot spots of theknowledge processing fields such as artificial intelligence. From the perspective of theevent, this paper studied the correlative issues of the functional design based on theevent model. The main research work can be described as follows.
1. Based on the cognitive thinking of the product composition, an event cognitivestyle of the product was proposed. According to the analysis of the concrete entitativeand abstract functional composition of product, from the view of point of cognition, thecomposite problem of the product with the event was explored. An event cognitive stylethat used the event as the basic compositive unit was proposed. The products can beessentially seen as the systems that ensure the events reflecting the product functionsoccur controlled and orderly. This cognitive style is in line with people's thinking habits,and is convenient for people to understand and use.
2. In order to provide the unified description way for the event which acts as thebasic compositive unit of product, the mathematical representation model of the eventwas built. In the event representation model, the ontology is defined based on the theoryof propositional logic to describe the connotation of the event and the variant is definedbased on the theory of domain relational calculus and set theory to express the variationrange of the event, and the variant is alterable part of the event under the constraints ofthe ontology. It can successfully combine the ontology and variant together to representthe whole event. Based on the event representation model, an event operation modelwas built to describe the event operations such as selection, projection, instantiation,connection and decomposition etc. The event representation model and the eventoperation model constitute the event model. In the event model, the ontology of theevent gives the basis of event change, the variant delineates the change range of theevent, and the operations of event realize the change methods of the event. It lays thefoundation for the research about product functional design and design diversity.
3. Depending on the requirement that the functional representation should expressthe connotation and the extension of function simultaneously, a functionalrepresentation with event was proposed. Based on the event model, the ontology of event is used to describe the connotation of function and to reflect the stability offunction. The variant of the event is used to represent the extension and to incarnate thevariety of function. The constaints of the ontology on the variant is used to reflect thedialectical relationship between the connotation and extension of function. Thus theevent description model of product function was established. Then the classification andorganization of the event knowledge were studied, and the method of raising inventiveproduct originality based on the event model was proposed. The event functionalrepresentation is conducive to expand the design space, is convenient for spreadingassociation, and is contribute to obtain more innovative solutions and improve theefficiency of design.
4. On the basis of the event functional representation, the function modelingmethod based on the event model was given. Based on a study of the diversity and thebasic processes of product design with the event model, firstly, the abstraction methodof the total function with the help of the event knowledge hierarchy tree was given.Secondly, by determining the decomposition principles and decomposition basis of theevent function, the event functional decomposition tree was established to express thefunction structure of the product, and the graphical representation, mathematicaldescription and solution algorithm, etc. were studied. Thirdly, combining the eventknowledge hierarchy tree, the concept and the expansion method of the event functionaldecomposition expansion tree were built and the reuse of the event knowledge was alsostudied. Theses methods can reduce the complexity of the design problem, arebeneficial to improve the design efficiency, and are able to expand the design space.
5. The above models and methods were applied to the design of spatial deployableantenna and an intelligent tutoring system, and have obtained the satisfactory results.Firstly, the event representation and abstract of expand function of spatial deployableantenna was given, two originality of deployable antenna were put forward. Secondly,the proposed models and methods were applied to the research and development processof a network intelligent tutoring system, which improved the system's intelligence andthe efficiency of its research and development. These two applications verified thecorrectness and effectiveness of the proposed models and methods.
1.基于对产品构成本质问题的认知思考，提出了一种产品的事件认知方式。根据对产品具体实体构成和抽象功能构成的分析，从认知角度探讨了产品的事件构成问题，提出了一种将事件作为产品基本构成单元的认知方式：产品本质上可看作是保证体现产品功能的事件有控制地、有序发生的系统。产品的事件认知方式符合人们的思维习惯，便于理解和使用。
2.为了给事件这种产品基本构成单元提供统一的描述方式，建立了事件的数学描述模型。在事件表示模型中，采用命题逻辑来表示事件的本体，集合论和域关系演算来表示事件的变体，且变体是本体约束下事件的可变空间，进而成功地将事件的本体和变体有机结合来表示事件整体；基于事件表示模型，建立了描述事件选择、投影、例化、连接、分解及等价等操作的事件运算模型。上述两个模型统称为事件模型。事件模型的事件本体给出了事件的变化依据，事件变体圈定了事件的变化范围，事件操作实现了事件的变化方法，从而为产品功能设计和设计多样性的研究奠定了理论基础。
3.针对产品功能表达需同时表达功能内涵和外延的要求，提出了产品功能的事件表达方法。基于事件模型，采用事件的本体表示功能的内涵，事件的变体表示功能的外延，借助事件本体对变体的约束作用来反映功能内涵和外延的辩证关系，进而提出了产品功能的事件表达方法。同时，给出了描述功能的事件知识分类方法和组织方法，并提出了基于事件模型的产品发明创意提出方法。功能的事件表达方法有利于拓展设计空间，便于进行联想扩展，有助于得到更多创新解并提高设计问题的求解效率。
4.在事件功能表达方法的基础上，给出了基于事件模型的功能建模方法。在探讨了基于事件模型的产品设计多样性和功能设计基本过程的前提下，首先，给出了借助事件知识层次树实现总功能抽象的方法；其次，确定了事件功能的分解原则和分解方法，建立了表达产品功能构成的事件功能分解树，并给出了该树的图形表示、数学描述和求解算法等；最后，结合事件知识层次树，给出了拓展事件功能分解树的概念和拓展方法，并探讨了事件知识重用等问题。基于事件模型的功能建模方法可降低问题的复杂度，提高设计效率，拓展设计空间。
5.将基于事件模型的产品功能设计方法应用于空间可展开天线设计和网络智能自动辅导系统研发中，取得了满意的结果。一是，给出了可展开天线展开功能的事件表达和抽象，进而提出了两种新的可展开天线创意；二是，将上述模型和方法应用于“乐辅通”网络智能自动辅导系统的创意提出、总功能分解、功能结构建立及功能模块开发中，提高了系统的智能性和研发效率。这两个例子验证了本文模型和方法的正确性与有效性。
The conceptual design is one of the most active and creative stages in the productdesign process. The function is the main processing object of the conceptual design. Theabstraction, representation, decomposition and reasoning of function are the core issuesof the conceptual design. In recent years, as a kind of knowledge representation methodwith broad application prospects, the event has become one of the hot spots of theknowledge processing fields such as artificial intelligence. From the perspective of theevent, this paper studied the correlative issues of the functional design based on theevent model. The main research work can be described as follows.
1. Based on the cognitive thinking of the product composition, an event cognitivestyle of the product was proposed. According to the analysis of the concrete entitativeand abstract functional composition of product, from the view of point of cognition, thecomposite problem of the product with the event was explored. An event cognitive stylethat used the event as the basic compositive unit was proposed. The products can beessentially seen as the systems that ensure the events reflecting the product functionsoccur controlled and orderly. This cognitive style is in line with people's thinking habits,and is convenient for people to understand and use.
2. In order to provide the unified description way for the event which acts as thebasic compositive unit of product, the mathematical representation model of the eventwas built. In the event representation model, the ontology is defined based on the theoryof propositional logic to describe the connotation of the event and the variant is definedbased on the theory of domain relational calculus and set theory to express the variationrange of the event, and the variant is alterable part of the event under the constraints ofthe ontology. It can successfully combine the ontology and variant together to representthe whole event. Based on the event representation model, an event operation modelwas built to describe the event operations such as selection, projection, instantiation,connection and decomposition etc. The event representation model and the eventoperation model constitute the event model. In the event model, the ontology of theevent gives the basis of event change, the variant delineates the change range of theevent, and the operations of event realize the change methods of the event. It lays thefoundation for the research about product functional design and design diversity.
3. Depending on the requirement that the functional representation should expressthe connotation and the extension of function simultaneously, a functionalrepresentation with event was proposed. Based on the event model, the ontology of event is used to describe the connotation of function and to reflect the stability offunction. The variant of the event is used to represent the extension and to incarnate thevariety of function. The constaints of the ontology on the variant is used to reflect thedialectical relationship between the connotation and extension of function. Thus theevent description model of product function was established. Then the classification andorganization of the event knowledge were studied, and the method of raising inventiveproduct originality based on the event model was proposed. The event functionalrepresentation is conducive to expand the design space, is convenient for spreadingassociation, and is contribute to obtain more innovative solutions and improve theefficiency of design.
4. On the basis of the event functional representation, the function modelingmethod based on the event model was given. Based on a study of the diversity and thebasic processes of product design with the event model, firstly, the abstraction methodof the total function with the help of the event knowledge hierarchy tree was given.Secondly, by determining the decomposition principles and decomposition basis of theevent function, the event functional decomposition tree was established to express thefunction structure of the product, and the graphical representation, mathematicaldescription and solution algorithm, etc. were studied. Thirdly, combining the eventknowledge hierarchy tree, the concept and the expansion method of the event functionaldecomposition expansion tree were built and the reuse of the event knowledge was alsostudied. Theses methods can reduce the complexity of the design problem, arebeneficial to improve the design efficiency, and are able to expand the design space.
5. The above models and methods were applied to the design of spatial deployableantenna and an intelligent tutoring system, and have obtained the satisfactory results.Firstly, the event representation and abstract of expand function of spatial deployableantenna was given, two originality of deployable antenna were put forward. Secondly,the proposed models and methods were applied to the research and development processof a network intelligent tutoring system, which improved the system's intelligence andthe efficiency of its research and development. These two applications verified thecorrectness and effectiveness of the proposed models and methods.
引文
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