悬浮隧道结构设计分析与健康监测
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摘要
随着当今社会交通的日益繁忙,地域之间的连接显得尤为重要,一些跨河跨海的大跨水域的沟通建设成为世界发展的必需,如何利用有限的资源,建造出符合社会发展要求和可持续发展观的基础设施是21世纪土木工程人员面临的核心问题。悬浮隧道是一种悬浮在水中利用浮力承载的新型结构,由于具有对周围的环境影响小、全天侯工作、布线方便及跨越深水时的经济性等优点,悬浮隧道为大跨水域的交通建设提供了新的交通方式。
本文以千岛湖悬浮隧道方案为背景,对悬浮隧道进行了静、动力分析,借鉴现有水工及桥梁工程的设计经验、规范及健康监测系统研究,对悬浮隧道的设计分析进行了初步研究,探索建立了悬浮隧道健康监测系统的框架及评估指标体系,初步编制了悬浮隧道的监测与养护指南。具体展开的工作有：
(1)借鉴现有沉管隧道、海洋钻井平台及桥梁隧道工程的设计经验和规范标准,结合悬浮隧道的结构特点,对悬浮隧道的荷载及其组合、设计应考虑的四种极限状态、管道形式的选择、管段间防水防腐、锚索的布置形式、基础形式、通风系统、照明系统、给排水系统及消防系统、结构设计分析方法等设计的关键技术进行了探索和研究。
(2)结合Morison方程,提出采用沿隧道由底到顶的分层积分方法计算悬浮隧道水平和竖直波浪力,探索了直径、放置深度、波浪周期等参数对波浪力的影响；比较了采用线性波和二阶Stokes非线性波两种波浪理论计算波浪力的误差；最后对悬浮隧道波浪力进行了谱分析。
(3)根据悬浮隧道的结构特点及千岛湖悬浮隧道的环境条件,对其进行结构静、动力分析,计算了各种荷载作用组合状态下管道各层材料的应力、管道变形和锚索索力,研究了其在波浪作用下的动力响应,对其安全性进行了评价。
(4)提出了锚索在流作用下的涡激非线性振动的微分方程,采用伽辽金法处理后的龙格-库塔法进行数值求解。分析研究了千岛湖悬浮隧道锚索动力响应,并推导计算了锚索索力与其振动频率的关系,提出了采用“频率法”监测悬浮隧道锚索索力的方法。
(5)在对千岛湖悬浮隧道结构分析的基础上,结合其环境条件,对悬浮隧道健康监测系统框架进行概念设计,最后提出了悬浮隧道的运营和监测设计指南。
Nowadays the increasingly busy traffic makes the connection between different region more and more important, and the long-span structures crossing large water area simultaneously become necessary for the world development, correspondingly, how to build suitable infrastructures utilizing limited resources which meet the requirements of social development and the principles of sustainable development is the core issue to face civil engineering technologists and technicians in the 21st century. Submerged floating tunnel (SFT), suspending in water and constrained by cable, is a innovate structure wisely employing the buoyancy to bear load. SFT have many advantages, such as exerting little influence on the surrounding environment, operating in any weather and great economic competitiveness for great connection, therefore, SFT is supposed to a new way out for realizing great spanning.
This paper analyzed the static and dynamic behavior of SFT on the basis of Qiandao Lake SFT proposal, and did preliminary study on design of SFT borrowing ideas from design experience and codes standards of similar engineering projects, additionally, this paper explored to establish the health monitoring system for SFT with reference to the research results of health monitoring technology in civil engineering, and in the end of the paper, the guide for operation and monitoring of SFT was to put forward. The specific work carried out in the paper is as follow:
(1) Based to the design technology of immersed tunnel, bridge and tunnel engineering, combining the current relevant design codes of civil and offshore engineering, the key technology of submerged floating tunnel design was presented, including load and combination of load, four ultimate states, tube design, layout form of cables, foundation design, ancilary system design, structural analysis method and so on.
(2) Morison equation was applied to calculate the horizontal and vertical wave force acting on submerged floating tunnel by step by step integration from bottom to top of tube. The influence of the diameter of tube, the clearance between water surface and tube top, wave period factors etc. on calculation results was explored. In final, the wave forces were respectively obtained by the second-order nonlinear Stokes wave theory and linear wave theory. The variation of these results with wave period factors was studied, finally, spectral analysis method to calculate wave load of SFT was introduced.
(3) Based on the structural characteristics and condition of circumstance Qiandao Lake SFT, its static and dynamic behavior under different action of combination of loads, which including the stress of each layer material of tube, the displacement, the cable tension and dynamic response under action of wave-current, were investigated using ANSYS software, finally, the security and rationality of the design proposal was evaluated.
(4) The differential equation of vortex-induced nonlinear vibration under the action of current was deduced according to the mechanism of cable vibration in the water, and subsequently Runge-Kutta method was utilized to solve the equation after processed by Galerkin method. The dynamic response of cable was analyzed background of Qiandao Lake SFT, and the relationship between cable tension and vibration frequency was derived to realize the application of frequency method for monitoring the cable tension in health monitoring stage.
(5) Refer to the existing research of health monitoring in civil engineering and background of Qiandao Lake SFT, the conceptual design of health monitoring system of SFT was carried out. At the end of the paper, the guide for operation and monitoring of SFT was further put forward.
本文以千岛湖悬浮隧道方案为背景,对悬浮隧道进行了静、动力分析,借鉴现有水工及桥梁工程的设计经验、规范及健康监测系统研究,对悬浮隧道的设计分析进行了初步研究,探索建立了悬浮隧道健康监测系统的框架及评估指标体系,初步编制了悬浮隧道的监测与养护指南。具体展开的工作有：
(1)借鉴现有沉管隧道、海洋钻井平台及桥梁隧道工程的设计经验和规范标准,结合悬浮隧道的结构特点,对悬浮隧道的荷载及其组合、设计应考虑的四种极限状态、管道形式的选择、管段间防水防腐、锚索的布置形式、基础形式、通风系统、照明系统、给排水系统及消防系统、结构设计分析方法等设计的关键技术进行了探索和研究。
(2)结合Morison方程,提出采用沿隧道由底到顶的分层积分方法计算悬浮隧道水平和竖直波浪力,探索了直径、放置深度、波浪周期等参数对波浪力的影响；比较了采用线性波和二阶Stokes非线性波两种波浪理论计算波浪力的误差；最后对悬浮隧道波浪力进行了谱分析。
(3)根据悬浮隧道的结构特点及千岛湖悬浮隧道的环境条件,对其进行结构静、动力分析,计算了各种荷载作用组合状态下管道各层材料的应力、管道变形和锚索索力,研究了其在波浪作用下的动力响应,对其安全性进行了评价。
(4)提出了锚索在流作用下的涡激非线性振动的微分方程,采用伽辽金法处理后的龙格-库塔法进行数值求解。分析研究了千岛湖悬浮隧道锚索动力响应,并推导计算了锚索索力与其振动频率的关系,提出了采用“频率法”监测悬浮隧道锚索索力的方法。
(5)在对千岛湖悬浮隧道结构分析的基础上,结合其环境条件,对悬浮隧道健康监测系统框架进行概念设计,最后提出了悬浮隧道的运营和监测设计指南。
Nowadays the increasingly busy traffic makes the connection between different region more and more important, and the long-span structures crossing large water area simultaneously become necessary for the world development, correspondingly, how to build suitable infrastructures utilizing limited resources which meet the requirements of social development and the principles of sustainable development is the core issue to face civil engineering technologists and technicians in the 21st century. Submerged floating tunnel (SFT), suspending in water and constrained by cable, is a innovate structure wisely employing the buoyancy to bear load. SFT have many advantages, such as exerting little influence on the surrounding environment, operating in any weather and great economic competitiveness for great connection, therefore, SFT is supposed to a new way out for realizing great spanning.
This paper analyzed the static and dynamic behavior of SFT on the basis of Qiandao Lake SFT proposal, and did preliminary study on design of SFT borrowing ideas from design experience and codes standards of similar engineering projects, additionally, this paper explored to establish the health monitoring system for SFT with reference to the research results of health monitoring technology in civil engineering, and in the end of the paper, the guide for operation and monitoring of SFT was to put forward. The specific work carried out in the paper is as follow:
(1) Based to the design technology of immersed tunnel, bridge and tunnel engineering, combining the current relevant design codes of civil and offshore engineering, the key technology of submerged floating tunnel design was presented, including load and combination of load, four ultimate states, tube design, layout form of cables, foundation design, ancilary system design, structural analysis method and so on.
(2) Morison equation was applied to calculate the horizontal and vertical wave force acting on submerged floating tunnel by step by step integration from bottom to top of tube. The influence of the diameter of tube, the clearance between water surface and tube top, wave period factors etc. on calculation results was explored. In final, the wave forces were respectively obtained by the second-order nonlinear Stokes wave theory and linear wave theory. The variation of these results with wave period factors was studied, finally, spectral analysis method to calculate wave load of SFT was introduced.
(3) Based on the structural characteristics and condition of circumstance Qiandao Lake SFT, its static and dynamic behavior under different action of combination of loads, which including the stress of each layer material of tube, the displacement, the cable tension and dynamic response under action of wave-current, were investigated using ANSYS software, finally, the security and rationality of the design proposal was evaluated.
(4) The differential equation of vortex-induced nonlinear vibration under the action of current was deduced according to the mechanism of cable vibration in the water, and subsequently Runge-Kutta method was utilized to solve the equation after processed by Galerkin method. The dynamic response of cable was analyzed background of Qiandao Lake SFT, and the relationship between cable tension and vibration frequency was derived to realize the application of frequency method for monitoring the cable tension in health monitoring stage.
(5) Refer to the existing research of health monitoring in civil engineering and background of Qiandao Lake SFT, the conceptual design of health monitoring system of SFT was carried out. At the end of the paper, the guide for operation and monitoring of SFT was further put forward.
引文
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