输电线微风振动与疲劳寿命
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摘要
随着工业生产和科学技术的快速发展,电力的输送容量和输送距离都在迅速增加,大容量、远距离的输电线路被普遍使用。因此,输电线的安全运行非常重要,而导线作为电功率的载体,也是保证电力系统安全运行的关键。由于长期受到风雨、冰雪、雷电等自然条件的影响,输电线容易发生各种事故。其中,由微风振动引发的输电线路事故尤其频繁,危害很大,是造成输电线路损伤的主要原因。
微风振动会导致输电线的疲劳破坏,直接影响其使用寿命。输电线微风振动的研究成果可以有效指导输电线路的设计和防振措施的评估,使科技进步更好的服务于工业发展和社会繁荣,具有实际意义和经济效益。
本文针对输电线的微风振动展开研究,
首先,结合弹性力学和流体力学的相关知识推导输电线涡激力的表达式、建立输电线的力学模型,应用经典力学的方法推导微风振动方程;
然后,通过平均法求解微风振动的响应,研究输电线的振动稳定性,并通过数值模拟研究输电线档距、直径和自阻尼系数等参数对微风振动的影响;
最后,结合弹性力学相关理论推导输电线动弯应力的计算公式,研究输电线弦垂比对动弯应力的影响,分析在整条输电线路中动弯应力的分布;从概率论的角度研究风向、风速的数理统计意义;以疲劳损伤理论为依据评估输电线的疲劳寿命。
The capacity and distance of electric power transmission increase along with the rapid development of industry and technology, the large-capacity and long-distance transmission system are widely used. Therefore, the safe operation of transmission lines is very important. As the carrier of electric power, the transmission line is key to ensure the safe operation of power line systems. There are so many accidents of transmission lines, due to the long-term influence of wind, rain, snow and other weather factors.? Aeolian vibration is the main reason for the damage of transmission lines, which occurs the most frequently. Aeolian vibration can cause fatigue failure of the transmission line and then affect their life directly. The research results of Aeolian vibration can effectively guide the design of transmission lines and anti-vibration measures, which makes the progress of science and technology service industrial development better. So the research has Practical significance and economic benefits.
In this paper, Aeolian vibration of transmission lines is researched.
Firstly, the mechanical model of transmission lines is established and the expression of vortex-induced force is derived, by applying the knowledge of elastic mechanics and fluid dynamics. Aeolian vibration equation is derived by employing the methods of classical mechanics. Secondly, the response of Aeolian vibration and the stability of transmission lines are analyzed by using averaging method, the influence on of the span, the diameter, the damping and other parameters of transmission lines Aeolian vibration is investigated through the numerical simulation. Finally, dynamic bending stress of transmission lines is studied, the influence of the sag-to-span ratio on dynamic bending stress and the distribution of dynamic bending stress in the entire transmission line are analyzed, the fatigue life of the transmission line is estimated based on the theory of fatigue damage.
微风振动会导致输电线的疲劳破坏,直接影响其使用寿命。输电线微风振动的研究成果可以有效指导输电线路的设计和防振措施的评估,使科技进步更好的服务于工业发展和社会繁荣,具有实际意义和经济效益。
本文针对输电线的微风振动展开研究,
首先,结合弹性力学和流体力学的相关知识推导输电线涡激力的表达式、建立输电线的力学模型,应用经典力学的方法推导微风振动方程;
然后,通过平均法求解微风振动的响应,研究输电线的振动稳定性,并通过数值模拟研究输电线档距、直径和自阻尼系数等参数对微风振动的影响;
最后,结合弹性力学相关理论推导输电线动弯应力的计算公式,研究输电线弦垂比对动弯应力的影响,分析在整条输电线路中动弯应力的分布;从概率论的角度研究风向、风速的数理统计意义;以疲劳损伤理论为依据评估输电线的疲劳寿命。
The capacity and distance of electric power transmission increase along with the rapid development of industry and technology, the large-capacity and long-distance transmission system are widely used. Therefore, the safe operation of transmission lines is very important. As the carrier of electric power, the transmission line is key to ensure the safe operation of power line systems. There are so many accidents of transmission lines, due to the long-term influence of wind, rain, snow and other weather factors.? Aeolian vibration is the main reason for the damage of transmission lines, which occurs the most frequently. Aeolian vibration can cause fatigue failure of the transmission line and then affect their life directly. The research results of Aeolian vibration can effectively guide the design of transmission lines and anti-vibration measures, which makes the progress of science and technology service industrial development better. So the research has Practical significance and economic benefits.
In this paper, Aeolian vibration of transmission lines is researched.
Firstly, the mechanical model of transmission lines is established and the expression of vortex-induced force is derived, by applying the knowledge of elastic mechanics and fluid dynamics. Aeolian vibration equation is derived by employing the methods of classical mechanics. Secondly, the response of Aeolian vibration and the stability of transmission lines are analyzed by using averaging method, the influence on of the span, the diameter, the damping and other parameters of transmission lines Aeolian vibration is investigated through the numerical simulation. Finally, dynamic bending stress of transmission lines is studied, the influence of the sag-to-span ratio on dynamic bending stress and the distribution of dynamic bending stress in the entire transmission line are analyzed, the fatigue life of the transmission line is estimated based on the theory of fatigue damage.
引文
[1] Jeff Wang. Overhead Transmission Line Vibration and Galloping[C]. China: International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application, 2008
[2]郭应龙,尤传勇,李国兴.输电线路舞动[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003:35‐37?
[3] Preformed line products. Aeolian Vibration Basics[C]. Electric Power Research Institute,2008
[4]杨立秋,李海花,高玉竹.架空输电线路微风振动危害分析[J].中国科技信息,2008,12(06):54‐55
[5] CIGRE SC22 WG04.Recommendations for the Evaluation of the Lifetime of Transmission. Line Conductors[J].Electra,1979(63): 103-145
[6] Diana G, Falco M. On the forces transmitted to a vibrating cylinder by a blowing fluid Mechanica[J].Meccania,1971,6(l):9-22
[7] IEEE guide on conductor self-damping measurements. IEEE Std 563-1978,1978
[8] Ervik M, Berg A, Boelle A. Report on aeolian vibration of Power overhead lines[J].Electra,1989(124):41-77
[9] Claren R, Diana G. Mathematical analysis of transmission line vibration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.1969, 88(12):1741-1771
[10] Vecchiarelli J, Currie I G.Computational analysis of aeolian conductor vibration with a stockbridge-type damper[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures.2000.14(4):489-509
[11] Bishop R, Hassan A. The lift and drag forces on a circular cylinder in a flowing fluid[M]. Proceedings of the Royal Society,1964
[12] Hartlen R T,Currie I G.Lift oscillation model for vortex-induced vibration[J].Engineering Mechanies.1970,96(2):577-591
[13]孔德怡.?基于动力学方法的特高压输电线微风振动研究[D].?华中科技大学,2009:55‐58
[14] Vecchiarelli J. Aeolian vibration of a conductor with a Stockbridge type damper[D]. Toronto: University of Toronto,1997, 5-18
[15] CIGRE SC22 WG04.Guide for Endurance Tests of Conductors Inside Clamps[J].Electra,1985(1):77-86
[16] Zhou Z R, Goudreau S, Cardou A, Fiset M. Single wire fretting fatigue tests for electrical conductor bending fatigue evaluation[J]. Wear, 1995, 181-183(2):537-543
[17] Sinha N K, Hagedom P. Wind-exeited overhead transmission lines: Estimation of connection stresses at junctions. Journal of sound and Vibration. 2007,301(l-2):400-409
[18]王景朝,徐乃管.复合交变应力条件下的导线疲劳试验方法[J].电力建设,2001, 22(2):18-20
[19] Alara-lopez, Jcolin-venegas. Endurance of dampers for electric conductors[J]. International Journal of Fatigue. 2001,23(l):870-878
[20] Minhyung Lee, Sung-Yeoul Lee. Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Circular Cylinder at Low Reynolds Numbers[J]. KSME International Journal.2003,11(17):1628-1637
[21]秦银刚,周晓军.洋流作用下水中悬浮隧道失稳判据的研究[J].现代隧道技术.2009,46(03):27-32
[22] S.S.CHEN,S.ZHU,Y. CAI. An unsteady flow theory for vortex-induced vibration[J].? Journal of Sound and Vibration.1995,184(01):73–92
[23]张仁述.架空电线在悬链状态下的非线性振动响应分析[J].国防科技大学学报,1987,59(03):1-8
[24] A.H.Nayfeh,? H.N.Arafat,? C.M.Chin,? Walter Lacarbonana. Multimode interactions in suspended cables[J].?Journal of Vibration and Control, 2002,8:337-387
[25] H.N. Arafat, A.H. Nayfeh. Non-linear responses of suspended cables to primary resonance excitations[J].? Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003,266:325-354
[26]陈予恕.非线性振动[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002:17-39
[27]陈予恕.非线性振动[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002: 104-109
[28]马知恩,周义仓.常微分方程稳定性与稳定性方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001:41-96
[29] Charles B. Rawlins. Flexural self-damping in overhead electrical transmission conductors[J].? Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009, 323:232-256
[30] Renato Barbieri, Nilson Barbieri, Oswaldo Honorato de Souza Junior. Dynamical analysis of transmission line cables Part3-Nonlinear theory [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2008,22:992-1007
[31] Giuseppe Rega. Nonlinear vibrations of suspended cables Part I -Modeling and analysis[J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004,57(6):443-475
[32]叶志雄,李黎,龙晓鸿.考虑安装位置的防振锤功率特性计算及其应用[J].电力建设.2008(05):73-98
[33]徐大海.风向风速和稳定度类别联合概率分布及混合层深度的诊断估计初探[J].环境科学.1990,11(1):11-17
[34] Minhyung Lee, Sung-Yeoul Lee.Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Circular Cylinder[J].KSME International Journal,2003,17(11):1628- 1637
[35] W.B.Buchanan. Vibration analysis-transmission line conductors [C]. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,2009:1478-1485
[36]徐中年.架空输电线微风振动测量与寿命预报[J].EPC,12(10):6-10
[37] Xiangyu Wang, Jianqiao Sun.On the Fatigue Analysis of Non-Gaussian Stress Processes With Asymmetric Distribution[J].?Transactions of the ASME,2005,127:556-565
[38]李舜酩.机械疲劳与可靠性设计[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006: 11-46
[39] G.E.Braga, R.Nakamura, T. A. Furtado. Aeolian Vibration of Overhead Transmission Line Cables Endurance Limits[C]. IEEWPES Transmission & Distribution Conference,2004:487-492
[40]李舜酩.机械疲劳与可靠性设计[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006: 78-100
[2]郭应龙,尤传勇,李国兴.输电线路舞动[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003:35‐37?
[3] Preformed line products. Aeolian Vibration Basics[C]. Electric Power Research Institute,2008
[4]杨立秋,李海花,高玉竹.架空输电线路微风振动危害分析[J].中国科技信息,2008,12(06):54‐55
[5] CIGRE SC22 WG04.Recommendations for the Evaluation of the Lifetime of Transmission. Line Conductors[J].Electra,1979(63): 103-145
[6] Diana G, Falco M. On the forces transmitted to a vibrating cylinder by a blowing fluid Mechanica[J].Meccania,1971,6(l):9-22
[7] IEEE guide on conductor self-damping measurements. IEEE Std 563-1978,1978
[8] Ervik M, Berg A, Boelle A. Report on aeolian vibration of Power overhead lines[J].Electra,1989(124):41-77
[9] Claren R, Diana G. Mathematical analysis of transmission line vibration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.1969, 88(12):1741-1771
[10] Vecchiarelli J, Currie I G.Computational analysis of aeolian conductor vibration with a stockbridge-type damper[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures.2000.14(4):489-509
[11] Bishop R, Hassan A. The lift and drag forces on a circular cylinder in a flowing fluid[M]. Proceedings of the Royal Society,1964
[12] Hartlen R T,Currie I G.Lift oscillation model for vortex-induced vibration[J].Engineering Mechanies.1970,96(2):577-591
[13]孔德怡.?基于动力学方法的特高压输电线微风振动研究[D].?华中科技大学,2009:55‐58
[14] Vecchiarelli J. Aeolian vibration of a conductor with a Stockbridge type damper[D]. Toronto: University of Toronto,1997, 5-18
[15] CIGRE SC22 WG04.Guide for Endurance Tests of Conductors Inside Clamps[J].Electra,1985(1):77-86
[16] Zhou Z R, Goudreau S, Cardou A, Fiset M. Single wire fretting fatigue tests for electrical conductor bending fatigue evaluation[J]. Wear, 1995, 181-183(2):537-543
[17] Sinha N K, Hagedom P. Wind-exeited overhead transmission lines: Estimation of connection stresses at junctions. Journal of sound and Vibration. 2007,301(l-2):400-409
[18]王景朝,徐乃管.复合交变应力条件下的导线疲劳试验方法[J].电力建设,2001, 22(2):18-20
[19] Alara-lopez, Jcolin-venegas. Endurance of dampers for electric conductors[J]. International Journal of Fatigue. 2001,23(l):870-878
[20] Minhyung Lee, Sung-Yeoul Lee. Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Circular Cylinder at Low Reynolds Numbers[J]. KSME International Journal.2003,11(17):1628-1637
[21]秦银刚,周晓军.洋流作用下水中悬浮隧道失稳判据的研究[J].现代隧道技术.2009,46(03):27-32
[22] S.S.CHEN,S.ZHU,Y. CAI. An unsteady flow theory for vortex-induced vibration[J].? Journal of Sound and Vibration.1995,184(01):73–92
[23]张仁述.架空电线在悬链状态下的非线性振动响应分析[J].国防科技大学学报,1987,59(03):1-8
[24] A.H.Nayfeh,? H.N.Arafat,? C.M.Chin,? Walter Lacarbonana. Multimode interactions in suspended cables[J].?Journal of Vibration and Control, 2002,8:337-387
[25] H.N. Arafat, A.H. Nayfeh. Non-linear responses of suspended cables to primary resonance excitations[J].? Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003,266:325-354
[26]陈予恕.非线性振动[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002:17-39
[27]陈予恕.非线性振动[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002: 104-109
[28]马知恩,周义仓.常微分方程稳定性与稳定性方法[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001:41-96
[29] Charles B. Rawlins. Flexural self-damping in overhead electrical transmission conductors[J].? Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009, 323:232-256
[30] Renato Barbieri, Nilson Barbieri, Oswaldo Honorato de Souza Junior. Dynamical analysis of transmission line cables Part3-Nonlinear theory [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2008,22:992-1007
[31] Giuseppe Rega. Nonlinear vibrations of suspended cables Part I -Modeling and analysis[J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004,57(6):443-475
[32]叶志雄,李黎,龙晓鸿.考虑安装位置的防振锤功率特性计算及其应用[J].电力建设.2008(05):73-98
[33]徐大海.风向风速和稳定度类别联合概率分布及混合层深度的诊断估计初探[J].环境科学.1990,11(1):11-17
[34] Minhyung Lee, Sung-Yeoul Lee.Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Circular Cylinder[J].KSME International Journal,2003,17(11):1628- 1637
[35] W.B.Buchanan. Vibration analysis-transmission line conductors [C]. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,2009:1478-1485
[36]徐中年.架空输电线微风振动测量与寿命预报[J].EPC,12(10):6-10
[37] Xiangyu Wang, Jianqiao Sun.On the Fatigue Analysis of Non-Gaussian Stress Processes With Asymmetric Distribution[J].?Transactions of the ASME,2005,127:556-565
[38]李舜酩.机械疲劳与可靠性设计[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006: 11-46
[39] G.E.Braga, R.Nakamura, T. A. Furtado. Aeolian Vibration of Overhead Transmission Line Cables Endurance Limits[C]. IEEWPES Transmission & Distribution Conference,2004:487-492
[40]李舜酩.机械疲劳与可靠性设计[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006: 78-100