定常流作用下单跨悬浮隧道涡激振动可靠性分析
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摘要
悬浮隧道(Submerged Floating Tunnel)简称“SFT”,是一种新型的穿越水域的交通结构物。悬浮隧道有其它交通结构型式无可比拟的技术经济优势：如对结构物周围的环境影响很小,对水深和海底地形地貌、地质条件的适应性更强,减少了与陆地交通连接的引道的长度及坡度,可降低建造成本和污染等。沉管隧道、海洋平台等结构相关技术的迅速发展,使得水下悬浮隧道的建造施工已经具有了一定的基础。作为一种创新的技术,水下悬浮隧道已成为与传统交通技术相竞争的一种极其富有吸引力的技术选择。
本文对定常流作用下单跨悬浮隧道管段横流向的涡激动力响应及可靠性问题进行了一些初步的理论研究,所展开的研究工作主要有：
1.阐述了海流的成因、种类、统计规律,重点介绍了悬浮隧道所受海流荷载的计算方法以及涡激振动的机理和涡激升力的计算模型。
2.将单跨悬浮隧道简化成两端简支Euler-Bemoulli梁,推导了具有单一的涡泄频率时,涡激升力作用下管段弯曲振动的偏微分方程,并采用分离变量法将偏微分方程化为常微分方程组,得到悬浮隧道的自振频率和各阶模态响应(位移、弯矩、剪力)的解析解。通过计算发现一阶响应起主导作用,对悬浮隧道进行动力研究时可只进行一阶动力响应分析。
3.考虑了计算参数的随机性,假设升力系数Q和流速V服从正态分布,采用蒙特卡洛(Monte-Calor)法得到涡激升力幅值的概率分布为极值Ⅰ型,单位时间内(60s)跨中弯矩幅值、跨中位移幅值的概率分布为指数分布。
4.讨论了结构极限状态方程的确立方法,并计算了相应的可靠度。
The submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is a new traffic structure across water area. It has unparalleled technical and economic advantages compared with other types of traffic structure:such as has little effect on the environment surrounding the structures; more adaptable for water depth, seabed topography and geological conditions; reduce the length and the slope of approach linked to land transportation; reduce construction costs and polluttion, and so on. With the rapid development of technology related to immersed tube tunnels, offshore platforms and other structures, submerged floating tunnel construction has had a certain foundation. As a innovative technology, submerged floating tunnel has become a very attractive choice competing against conventional transportation technologies. This paper made some preliminary theoretical study on vortex-induced vibration and reliability of single span of submerged floating tunnel subjected to steady current in the vertical direction, the research work carried out are:
1. The dissertation explained the causes, types and statistics law of ocean current, giving emphasis to coputational method of current loads on the SFT, mechanism of vortex-induced vibration and computational model of vortex lift force.
2. The dissertation simplified single-span SFT as an Euler-Bernounlli beam simply supported at both ends, and derived partial differential equations of bending vibration when SFT is subjected to vortex lift force with a single vortex shedding frequency. Then transformed partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations by using separating variables method, and get the natural frequency of SFT and analytical solution of dynamic response (displacement, bending moment, shear force) under each mode. With calculating, the dissertation found first-order response play a leading role, and the dynamic study of SFT can only carried out when the first-order dynamic response.
3. Considering the randomness of computational parameters, the dissertation assumed a normal distribution of lift force coefficient and velocity, then get Gumbel probability distribution of amplitude of vortex-induced lift force and exponential probability distribution of amplitude of mid-span moment and mid-span displacement in unit times (60s) by using Monte-Calor method.
4. The dissertation discussed the establishment method of structural limit state expression, and calculated the corresponding reliability.
本文对定常流作用下单跨悬浮隧道管段横流向的涡激动力响应及可靠性问题进行了一些初步的理论研究,所展开的研究工作主要有：
1.阐述了海流的成因、种类、统计规律,重点介绍了悬浮隧道所受海流荷载的计算方法以及涡激振动的机理和涡激升力的计算模型。
2.将单跨悬浮隧道简化成两端简支Euler-Bemoulli梁,推导了具有单一的涡泄频率时,涡激升力作用下管段弯曲振动的偏微分方程,并采用分离变量法将偏微分方程化为常微分方程组,得到悬浮隧道的自振频率和各阶模态响应(位移、弯矩、剪力)的解析解。通过计算发现一阶响应起主导作用,对悬浮隧道进行动力研究时可只进行一阶动力响应分析。
3.考虑了计算参数的随机性,假设升力系数Q和流速V服从正态分布,采用蒙特卡洛(Monte-Calor)法得到涡激升力幅值的概率分布为极值Ⅰ型,单位时间内(60s)跨中弯矩幅值、跨中位移幅值的概率分布为指数分布。
4.讨论了结构极限状态方程的确立方法,并计算了相应的可靠度。
The submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is a new traffic structure across water area. It has unparalleled technical and economic advantages compared with other types of traffic structure:such as has little effect on the environment surrounding the structures; more adaptable for water depth, seabed topography and geological conditions; reduce the length and the slope of approach linked to land transportation; reduce construction costs and polluttion, and so on. With the rapid development of technology related to immersed tube tunnels, offshore platforms and other structures, submerged floating tunnel construction has had a certain foundation. As a innovative technology, submerged floating tunnel has become a very attractive choice competing against conventional transportation technologies. This paper made some preliminary theoretical study on vortex-induced vibration and reliability of single span of submerged floating tunnel subjected to steady current in the vertical direction, the research work carried out are:
1. The dissertation explained the causes, types and statistics law of ocean current, giving emphasis to coputational method of current loads on the SFT, mechanism of vortex-induced vibration and computational model of vortex lift force.
2. The dissertation simplified single-span SFT as an Euler-Bernounlli beam simply supported at both ends, and derived partial differential equations of bending vibration when SFT is subjected to vortex lift force with a single vortex shedding frequency. Then transformed partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations by using separating variables method, and get the natural frequency of SFT and analytical solution of dynamic response (displacement, bending moment, shear force) under each mode. With calculating, the dissertation found first-order response play a leading role, and the dynamic study of SFT can only carried out when the first-order dynamic response.
3. Considering the randomness of computational parameters, the dissertation assumed a normal distribution of lift force coefficient and velocity, then get Gumbel probability distribution of amplitude of vortex-induced lift force and exponential probability distribution of amplitude of mid-span moment and mid-span displacement in unit times (60s) by using Monte-Calor method.
4. The dissertation discussed the establishment method of structural limit state expression, and calculated the corresponding reliability.
引文
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[4]孔祥金.水下隧道新结构—悬浮隧道[C].2003年全国公路隧道学术会议,太原,2003：223～226
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[9]兰利敏译.水中悬浮隧道——谁将是第一个成功者?[M].世界隧道,1997,(4)：47～52
[10]Xu Hongfa; Ma Junqing; Tan Huanhuan. The review of the main construction methods of the underwater tunnel [C].4th International Symposium on Underground Freight Transport by Capsule Pipelines and Other Tube/Tunnel Technologies, Shanghai, December 28-31,2005:134-139
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[2]Havard Ostlid. Submerged floating tunnel (sft), a new type of structure for efficient transport, energy saving, minimizing pollution and environmental impact[C].4th Symposium on Strait Crossings, Bergen/Norway, Sep 2-5,2001:545-546
[3]C. Hakkart. State of the Art of the Submerged Floating Tunnel[A]. International Tunnelling Association. International Conference on Submerged Floating Tunnels [C].Sandnes:1996
[4]孔祥金.水下隧道新结构—悬浮隧道[C].2003年全国公路隧道学术会议,太原,2003：223～226
[5]黄国君,吴应湘,洪友士.跨越水域交通的阿基米得桥[C].2002年度海洋工程学术会议,江西南吕，2002
[6]麦继婷,关宝树.悬浮隧道[J].隧道建设,2007,27(5)：20～23
[7]李剑.水中悬浮隧道概念设计及其关键技术研究[D].同济大学,博十学位论文,2003
[8]Donna Ahrens. Submerged floating tunnels:a concept whose time has arrived (but who will be the first to build one?)[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1996,11(4):505-510
[9]兰利敏译.水中悬浮隧道——谁将是第一个成功者?[M].世界隧道,1997,(4)：47～52
[10]Xu Hongfa; Ma Junqing; Tan Huanhuan. The review of the main construction methods of the underwater tunnel [C].4th International Symposium on Underground Freight Transport by Capsule Pipelines and Other Tube/Tunnel Technologies, Shanghai, December 28-31,2005:134-139
[11]FEHRL (Forum of European National Highway Research Laboratory). Analysis of the submerged floating tunnel concept[R]. Crowthorne:Transport Research Laboratory,1996
[12]L.C.F. Ingerslev. Understanding immersed and floating tunnels[C]. ITA(International Tunnelling Association) World Tunnelling Congress on (Re)Claiming the Underground Space, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Apr 12-17,2003:665-672
[13]L.Aadnesen etc. The case for floating submerged tunnels[J].Tunnels and Tunnelling International, 1999,6:32-34.
[14]陈健云,孙胜男.水下悬浮隧道结构分析研究进展[J].海洋工程,2008,(8)：111～117
[15]F. Mazzolani. The waterway strait crossing by means of submerged floating tnnuls[J]. Bauingenier.2006,Band 81,Mai:218-223
[16]Sakurai. Submerged floating tunnel proposed to connect kansai, kobe airports[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1996,11(4):511-514
[17]王华.沉管隧道与悬浮隧道(6),第六章悬浮隧道[J].隧道译丛,1994,12：26-45
[18]麦继婷,关宝树.琼州海峡悬浮隧道的可行性研究[J].铁道工程学报,2003,(12)：93～96
[19]A.Fiorentino. Brief history of archimedes bridge in the Strait of Messina [A].International Conference on Submerged Floating Tunnel [C]. Sandnes, Norway,29-30, May,1996
[20]Lidvard Skorpa. The Hogsfjord submerged floating tunnel project, transport, environment and energy studies[C].4th Symposium on Strait Crossings, Bergen/Norway, Sep 2-5,2001:551-554
[21]Toshiyuki Fujii. Submerged floating tunnels project in Funka Bay design and execution [A]. International Conference on Submerged Floating Tunnel [C], Sandnes, Norway,29-30, May, 1996:1-20
[22]K.Sato.The purpose of submerged floating tunnel plan iHokkaido[A].International Conference on Submerged Floating Tunnels[C], Sandnes,Norway,May 29-30,1996 tasca Consulting
[23]吕国昌.颠覆传统桥梁印象—千岛湖将建世界首座悬浮隧道[J].今日科技,2007,11：7
[24]M Sato, S Kanie, TMikami, et al. Modelingof Submerged Floating Tunnel as a beam on elastic foundation under bending vibration[A]. Strait Crossing 2001 [C]. Krobeborg:Swets &Zeitlinger PublishersLisse,2001.535-540.
[25]P Fogazzi, F Perotti. The dynamic response of seabed anchoredfloating tunnels under seismic excitation [J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29:273-295.
[26]B Faggiano, FMMazzolani, RLandolfo. Design and modeling aspects concerningthe Submerged Floating Tunnel:an application to the messina strait crossing [A]. Strait Crossing 2001 [C]. Krobeborg:Swets &Zeitlinger PublishersLisse,2001.511-519.
[27]干湧.水下悬浮隧道的空间分析与节段模型试验研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士学位论文,2003.
[28]麦继婷.波流作用下悬浮隧道的响应研究[D].成都：西南交通大学博士学位论文,2005.
[29]麦继婷,杨显成,关宝树.波流作用下悬浮隧道的动态响应分析[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2005,20(5)：616～623
[30]麦继婷,杨显成,关宝树.水流作用下悬浮隧道的响应分析[J].现代隧道技术,2005,42(4)：25～31
[31]麦继婷,杨显成,关宝树.悬浮隧道在波浪作用下的动力响应分析[J].铁道工程学报,2007,3(102)：45～19
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