俄语口语称名研究
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摘要
所谓“称名”就是用语言单位来称呼和区分语言外部世界的物体、现象、事件、特征及关系。人只要说话就要给周围的事物和现象等以名称。称名在言语活动中实现,其成果为语言系统所吸收。客观事物和现象的称名方式及特点在语言学中占有重要的地位。口语的使用条件,以及语言的经济原则和过剩原则对俄语口语称名产生了巨大影响,使俄语口语称名在很大程度上区别于书面语称名,独具特点。本文在前人的研究成果基础上,并充分考虑了语境因素的参与,对俄语口语称名分类及特点进行进一步的探索,以期对俄语口语称名形成一个更系统、全面、清晰的认识。
本文共分为四个部分:
第一部分是相关理论和研究。在这一部分笔者介绍了关于称名的一些研究,回顾和总结了俄语口语称名的研究状况,提出了本文的宗旨,并论述了影响俄语口语称名的因素。
第二部分是俄语口语称名法的基本类别,在考虑到语境因素的制约性的情况下,笔者把口语称名主要分为四类:随机词称名、凝缩词称名、换喻称名和描述性称名,并对其内部分类和特点分别展开了论述。
第三部分针对语境对俄语口语称名的制约性展开了论述,论述了上下文、情景和交际双方的共知前提三个语境要素对俄语口语不同类别称名的制约。
第四部分对俄汉口语中都大量使用的凝缩称名和描述性称名进行了对比,揭示了俄汉口语称名的相同点和不同点。
《Naming》means to use language unit to name and distinguish the object, phenomenon, event and features as well as their relations outside the language. When human beings speak, they must give names to the things and phenomenon around. Naming can be realized in the spoken language activity and its result is absorbed by the language system. The naming methods and features of the objective things and phenomenon take great importance in linguistic. The requirements for use, the economic principle and the surplus principle of spoken language have great effect on the naming of spoken language in Russian. The naming of spoken language is greatly different from the naming of written language in Russian. It has special features. Based on the previous research, this paper does a further research on the classification and feature of the naming of spoken language in Russian .The contextual feature is also considered. It is hoped that this paper can form a more systematic, fully and clear understanding on the naming of spoken language in Russian.
This paper can be divided into four parts:
The first part is the related theories and research. In this part, introduce the related research, review and conclude the situation of spoken language naming. And propose the theme and discuss the factors that influence the naming of spoken language in Russian.
The second part is the basic classification of spoken language naming. Due to the restriction of the contextual factors, the naming of random words, the naming of portmanteau words, the naming of the metaphor transferring and the descriptive naming. Do detailed explanation to the inner classification and features.
The third part discusses the contextual restriction to the naming of spoken language in Russian. Discuss the restriction of the intra-textual context, situation and the preconditions knowing by both the communicative parts to the spoken language naming of different kinds in Russian.
The fourth part does comparison to the naming of portmanteau words and descriptive naming that are used a lot in both Russian and Chinese. Reveal the similarities and the differences in the spoken language naming of Russian and Chinese.
本文共分为四个部分:
第一部分是相关理论和研究。在这一部分笔者介绍了关于称名的一些研究,回顾和总结了俄语口语称名的研究状况,提出了本文的宗旨,并论述了影响俄语口语称名的因素。
第二部分是俄语口语称名法的基本类别,在考虑到语境因素的制约性的情况下,笔者把口语称名主要分为四类:随机词称名、凝缩词称名、换喻称名和描述性称名,并对其内部分类和特点分别展开了论述。
第三部分针对语境对俄语口语称名的制约性展开了论述,论述了上下文、情景和交际双方的共知前提三个语境要素对俄语口语不同类别称名的制约。
第四部分对俄汉口语中都大量使用的凝缩称名和描述性称名进行了对比,揭示了俄汉口语称名的相同点和不同点。
《Naming》means to use language unit to name and distinguish the object, phenomenon, event and features as well as their relations outside the language. When human beings speak, they must give names to the things and phenomenon around. Naming can be realized in the spoken language activity and its result is absorbed by the language system. The naming methods and features of the objective things and phenomenon take great importance in linguistic. The requirements for use, the economic principle and the surplus principle of spoken language have great effect on the naming of spoken language in Russian. The naming of spoken language is greatly different from the naming of written language in Russian. It has special features. Based on the previous research, this paper does a further research on the classification and feature of the naming of spoken language in Russian .The contextual feature is also considered. It is hoped that this paper can form a more systematic, fully and clear understanding on the naming of spoken language in Russian.
This paper can be divided into four parts:
The first part is the related theories and research. In this part, introduce the related research, review and conclude the situation of spoken language naming. And propose the theme and discuss the factors that influence the naming of spoken language in Russian.
The second part is the basic classification of spoken language naming. Due to the restriction of the contextual factors, the naming of random words, the naming of portmanteau words, the naming of the metaphor transferring and the descriptive naming. Do detailed explanation to the inner classification and features.
The third part discusses the contextual restriction to the naming of spoken language in Russian. Discuss the restriction of the intra-textual context, situation and the preconditions knowing by both the communicative parts to the spoken language naming of different kinds in Russian.
The fourth part does comparison to the naming of portmanteau words and descriptive naming that are used a lot in both Russian and Chinese. Reveal the similarities and the differences in the spoken language naming of Russian and Chinese.
引文
[1]张会森 主编.俄汉语对比研究[M].下卷.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004.128.
[2]Филин Ф.П. .Русский язык[M]. Москва,1979 .163 .
[3][16][18][33][35][36][42][43]徐翁宇.现代俄语口语概论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000.2-9,50-93.
[4]陈曦.称名方法对比——谈词汇领域语际差异研究的功能视点[J].四川外语学院学报,2002(2):54-57.
[5][6][7]刘戈,崔卫.关于俄语称名及语义衍生问题[J].外语研究,1994(1):30-34.
[8]Шмелёв Д.Н..Способы номинации в современном русском языке[M].Москва: Наука,1982.
[9]Виноградов В.Н..Стилистический аспект русского словообразования[M]. Москва: Наука,1984 .
[10]Земская Е..А..Русская разговорная речь[M]. Москва,1987.48.
[11][29][32]孙夏南.俄语口语语法[M].上海:译文出版社,1989.355-376.
[12]张会森.俄语功能语法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.21-29.
[13]张会森.修辞学通论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002.118-122.
[14][39][40]王冬竹.现代俄语口语讲座[J].外语研究,1996(2):25-32.
[15][22][47][48][50]王冬竹.语境与话语[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2004.102-117,142-146,182-183.
[17]戴伊克.社会.心理.话语[M].北京:中华书局,1993.11.
[19]崔卫.俄语口语与语言的经济原则[J].中国俄语教学,1999(4):39-42.
[20]李继忠.俄语口语中冗余信息的语用-修辞功能[J].中国俄语教学,2000,19(1):39-45.
[21]徐玲.交际语言的简洁与冗余 [J]. 喀什师范学院学报,2004,25(5):46-47.
[23]徐永毅.俄语新词和随机词的构词特点[J].外语学刊,2002(2):78-80.
[24][25][27]王超尘,诸同英,高静,等编.现代俄语理论教程[M].上册.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988.294,300,302.
[26]裴玉芳.浅谈俄语口语中结构紧缩构词现象[J].中国俄语教学,2001(2):44-48.
[28]王善诚.现代俄语口语称名法[D]:[硕士学位论文] .长春:东北师范大学外国语学院,1988.12.
[30]谢萍.浅谈俄语口语化的构词、句法现象[J].俄语学习,2003(6):66-72.
[31]杜彦玲.试析俄语口语的特殊构词方法[J].辽宁师范大学学报(社科版),1998(5):45-48.
[34]吕凡,宋正昆,徐仲历.俄语修辞学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1988.203-204.
[37][38]Земская Е..А..Русская разговорная речь[M]. Москва,1973.434,437.
[41]崔卫.俄语口语中 verbum finitum 的扩张[J].外语研究,1996(1):26-29.
[44][45]姜宏.俄语口语中的语境及其作用[J].中国俄语教学,1996(3):11-13.
[46][49]崔卫.语言共性和口语共性[J].外语学刊,2001(1):91-95.
[51][52]白春仁,汪嘉斐,周圣,等.俄语语体研究[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999.131.
[53]葛本仪.现代汉语词汇学[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2001.86.
[54]黄伯荣,廖序东 主编.现代汉语[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,1997.67.
[2]Филин Ф.П. .Русский язык[M]. Москва,1979 .163 .
[3][16][18][33][35][36][42][43]徐翁宇.现代俄语口语概论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000.2-9,50-93.
[4]陈曦.称名方法对比——谈词汇领域语际差异研究的功能视点[J].四川外语学院学报,2002(2):54-57.
[5][6][7]刘戈,崔卫.关于俄语称名及语义衍生问题[J].外语研究,1994(1):30-34.
[8]Шмелёв Д.Н..Способы номинации в современном русском языке[M].Москва: Наука,1982.
[9]Виноградов В.Н..Стилистический аспект русского словообразования[M]. Москва: Наука,1984 .
[10]Земская Е..А..Русская разговорная речь[M]. Москва,1987.48.
[11][29][32]孙夏南.俄语口语语法[M].上海:译文出版社,1989.355-376.
[12]张会森.俄语功能语法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992.21-29.
[13]张会森.修辞学通论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002.118-122.
[14][39][40]王冬竹.现代俄语口语讲座[J].外语研究,1996(2):25-32.
[15][22][47][48][50]王冬竹.语境与话语[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2004.102-117,142-146,182-183.
[17]戴伊克.社会.心理.话语[M].北京:中华书局,1993.11.
[19]崔卫.俄语口语与语言的经济原则[J].中国俄语教学,1999(4):39-42.
[20]李继忠.俄语口语中冗余信息的语用-修辞功能[J].中国俄语教学,2000,19(1):39-45.
[21]徐玲.交际语言的简洁与冗余 [J]. 喀什师范学院学报,2004,25(5):46-47.
[23]徐永毅.俄语新词和随机词的构词特点[J].外语学刊,2002(2):78-80.
[24][25][27]王超尘,诸同英,高静,等编.现代俄语理论教程[M].上册.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988.294,300,302.
[26]裴玉芳.浅谈俄语口语中结构紧缩构词现象[J].中国俄语教学,2001(2):44-48.
[28]王善诚.现代俄语口语称名法[D]:[硕士学位论文] .长春:东北师范大学外国语学院,1988.12.
[30]谢萍.浅谈俄语口语化的构词、句法现象[J].俄语学习,2003(6):66-72.
[31]杜彦玲.试析俄语口语的特殊构词方法[J].辽宁师范大学学报(社科版),1998(5):45-48.
[34]吕凡,宋正昆,徐仲历.俄语修辞学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1988.203-204.
[37][38]Земская Е..А..Русская разговорная речь[M]. Москва,1973.434,437.
[41]崔卫.俄语口语中 verbum finitum 的扩张[J].外语研究,1996(1):26-29.
[44][45]姜宏.俄语口语中的语境及其作用[J].中国俄语教学,1996(3):11-13.
[46][49]崔卫.语言共性和口语共性[J].外语学刊,2001(1):91-95.
[51][52]白春仁,汪嘉斐,周圣,等.俄语语体研究[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999.131.
[53]葛本仪.现代汉语词汇学[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2001.86.
[54]黄伯荣,廖序东 主编.现代汉语[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,1997.67.