木塑窗的结构设计与制作工艺
摘要
窗户是我们人类生存不可或缺的元素,它不仅给我们与与外界相通的机会,同时也使得我们的生活舒适安全、丰富多彩。随着时间的蔓延,传统的木窗发展到现在的材料各异、形式多变的塑钢窗、铝合金窗等。在现有市场塑钢窗、铝合金窗和木窗占据了大半个市场,随着人们对能源的利用和环保的重视,木塑复合材料的出现填补了塑钢窗和铝合金窗的不足,为门窗市场注入了新的活力。
首先,根据木塑复合材料的自身的性能特点和窗户功能结构分析,本论文设计出新型的具有四部分结构(窗框、窗挺、窗扇和压条)的木塑窗。由于木塑窗型材为挤出成型,同时也对木塑窗型材挤出加工成型的模具的设计要点进行了详细的阐述。
其次,对木塑窗型材的生产工艺进行了试验和设计,其成型方法是利用木塑复合材料的一步法挤出成型的加工方法制作成型。在挤出成型的过程中分析了温度、螺杆转速、机头压力和冷却定型等因素对窗型材的影响,总结出符合木塑窗型材加工成型的加工工艺。木塑窗型材加工成型后,要进行窗户的组装工艺的设计,针对木塑窗的自身特点,分别阐述了新型木塑窗的角部连接、玻璃的安装盒合页的安装等制作工艺的设计。寻找出更合理、有效、快速的木塑窗组装工艺。
最后,对木塑窗型材进行物理检测,通过与现有的窗用PVC型材的物理性能国家标准比较表明,木塑窗型材整体性能优于PVC型材,满足相应的国家标准。同时对目前窗户的市场形势进行了分析,我国每年窗户的需求量将以10%以上的速度增长,对于具有似木、成本低、性能高、环保、废旧材料重复使用等独特的特点的木塑窗定会在未来门窗市场中成为重要角色。
Window is an indispensable element of human to live, not only has it gave us the opportunity to connect with the outside world, but also made our lives comfortable, secure, rich and colorful. Spread over time, the development of the traditional wood window is different now, with changing the materials and forms of plastic-steel windows, aluminum windows in the markets, PVC windows, aluminum windows and wood ones have accounted currently for half of the market. As people pay attention to the using energy and protection of environmental, the appearance of wood-plastic composites (WPC) filled the gap in plastic-steel windows and aluminum windows, which has made the market into a new life.
Firstly, according to its own performance characteristics of WPC, and analysising of the function structure of the window, this thesis designed a new structure with four parts (window frames, window mullion, sashes and bead) of wood plastic composites windows. As for the WPC windows profiles were manufactured in extrusion, it elaborated on the profiles extrusion molding mold design points
Secondly, the profiles of WPC production technology was tested and designed, the molding method was used with one-step WPC extrusion molding processing methods. In the process of extrusion, it analysed the effection on shape window profiles, such as temperature, screw speed, die pressure and cooling and other factors, which also summarized the window profiles processing forming processes in accordance with the WPC. After molding WPC window profiles processing, designed the assembling processing of windows. According to their own characteristics, it described production processing design of the new the corner connection of WPC window, the installation of the glass and the installation of the hinge respectively. In consequence, found out more reasonable, effective and fast WPC window assembling processes.
Finally, through physical property comparison of national standard of PVC window profile with physical property testing for WPC window profiles, it showed that WPC window had more overall performance than PVC window profile, which was also accorded with relevant national standards. Meanwhile, the current windows market situation was analyzed, China's annual demand for windows would be more than 10% growth rate, for a similar wood, low cost, high performance, environmental protection, waste materials, repeated using of the unique features, WPC window would play an important role in the market of doors and windows in the future.
首先,根据木塑复合材料的自身的性能特点和窗户功能结构分析,本论文设计出新型的具有四部分结构(窗框、窗挺、窗扇和压条)的木塑窗。由于木塑窗型材为挤出成型,同时也对木塑窗型材挤出加工成型的模具的设计要点进行了详细的阐述。
其次,对木塑窗型材的生产工艺进行了试验和设计,其成型方法是利用木塑复合材料的一步法挤出成型的加工方法制作成型。在挤出成型的过程中分析了温度、螺杆转速、机头压力和冷却定型等因素对窗型材的影响,总结出符合木塑窗型材加工成型的加工工艺。木塑窗型材加工成型后,要进行窗户的组装工艺的设计,针对木塑窗的自身特点,分别阐述了新型木塑窗的角部连接、玻璃的安装盒合页的安装等制作工艺的设计。寻找出更合理、有效、快速的木塑窗组装工艺。
最后,对木塑窗型材进行物理检测,通过与现有的窗用PVC型材的物理性能国家标准比较表明,木塑窗型材整体性能优于PVC型材,满足相应的国家标准。同时对目前窗户的市场形势进行了分析,我国每年窗户的需求量将以10%以上的速度增长,对于具有似木、成本低、性能高、环保、废旧材料重复使用等独特的特点的木塑窗定会在未来门窗市场中成为重要角色。
Window is an indispensable element of human to live, not only has it gave us the opportunity to connect with the outside world, but also made our lives comfortable, secure, rich and colorful. Spread over time, the development of the traditional wood window is different now, with changing the materials and forms of plastic-steel windows, aluminum windows in the markets, PVC windows, aluminum windows and wood ones have accounted currently for half of the market. As people pay attention to the using energy and protection of environmental, the appearance of wood-plastic composites (WPC) filled the gap in plastic-steel windows and aluminum windows, which has made the market into a new life.
Firstly, according to its own performance characteristics of WPC, and analysising of the function structure of the window, this thesis designed a new structure with four parts (window frames, window mullion, sashes and bead) of wood plastic composites windows. As for the WPC windows profiles were manufactured in extrusion, it elaborated on the profiles extrusion molding mold design points
Secondly, the profiles of WPC production technology was tested and designed, the molding method was used with one-step WPC extrusion molding processing methods. In the process of extrusion, it analysed the effection on shape window profiles, such as temperature, screw speed, die pressure and cooling and other factors, which also summarized the window profiles processing forming processes in accordance with the WPC. After molding WPC window profiles processing, designed the assembling processing of windows. According to their own characteristics, it described production processing design of the new the corner connection of WPC window, the installation of the glass and the installation of the hinge respectively. In consequence, found out more reasonable, effective and fast WPC window assembling processes.
Finally, through physical property comparison of national standard of PVC window profile with physical property testing for WPC window profiles, it showed that WPC window had more overall performance than PVC window profile, which was also accorded with relevant national standards. Meanwhile, the current windows market situation was analyzed, China's annual demand for windows would be more than 10% growth rate, for a similar wood, low cost, high performance, environmental protection, waste materials, repeated using of the unique features, WPC window would play an important role in the market of doors and windows in the future.
引文
[1]刘敬涛.我国建筑门窗的发展方向.中国建筑金属结构,2005,3：12～14
[2]潘嘉来.中国传统窗棂.北京：人民美术出版社,2004,5(1)：5～15
[3]冉明云,陈文大.阆中窗雕-奇技巧思迷人眼.中国西部,2004,3：32～33
[4]刘敬涛.2004年全国钢木门窗行业年会工作报告.中国建筑金属结构,2004,7：16～21
[5]杨金铎.大力提倡使用塑料门窗.北京建筑工程学院学报,1995,3(1)：136～141
[6]孙岩.建筑门窗市场竞争的经济规律探析.当代经济,2001,7：27
[7]综合信息.建筑门窗市场四大系列竞争激烈广东建材,2004,10：54
[8]李坤.铝合金窗、木窗、塑料窗欧洲门窗市场三足鼎立.建材工业信息,2003,12：18
[9]姚定康.略论欧式门窗与美式门窗的关系.中国建材,2007,12：49～50
[10]Ant je Wahl, David Cohen, Robert Kozak, Chris Gaston.The Japanese market for wood flooring and wood windows,1999,5:33～36
[11]何国山.我国木塑产品的现状、研究和发展.广州,科技信息,2007
[12]刘玉强,赵志曼.木塑复合材料及其发展.化工新型材料,2005,33(3)：59～61
[13]马玉强,孙贵煜.门窗节能的几项技术措施.中国建筑金属结构,2006(11)：21～22
[14]肖泽芳,赵林波,谢延军,王清文.木材—热塑性塑料复合材料的进展.东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1)
[15]北京奥运会应用木塑复合材料可行性研讨会在京召开.中国人造板,2006,(11)
[16]崔益华等.SBS改性再生型木塑复合材料及其耐水性能.宇航材料工艺,2006,4：29
[17]王清文,王伟宏.木塑复合材料与制品.北京：化学工业出版社,2007：127～137 150～167172～190
[18]石恒冲,李斌.木塑复合材料界面相容剂的研究进展.化学与黏合,2007,29(1)：44
[19]温武.国外木塑板生产的原料选择与技术发展方向.林产工业,2007,34(5)：53
[20]Nachtigall Sonic MB, Cerveira Graziela S, et al.New polymeric-coupling agent for polypropylene/wood-flour composites.Polym Testing,2007,26:6～19
[21]Ashori A.Wood-plastic composites as promising green composites for automotive indust ries.Bioresour Techn,2008,99(1):46～61
[22]洪浩群,何慧,贾德民等.木塑复合材料界面改性研究进展.塑料科技,2007,35(8)：11～18
[23]陈广汉,陈福林,雷彩红等.POE-g-MAH在木粉／PVC复合材料中的应用研究.塑料,2007,36(1)：43
[24]越二寅.改善木塑复合材料性能的方法讨论.甘肃林业职业技术学院学报,2006,7：80
[25]Haihong jian, D. Pascal Kamdem, Development of Poly(vinyl chloride)/Wood Composites;
[26]宋国君等.HDPE-g-MAH增容HDPE/木粉复合材料润滑剂的优选和热性能研究.塑料 工业,2006,34(12)：54
[27]薛盘芳.PVC／秸秆复合发泡材料成型工艺初探.工程塑料应用,2007,35(8)：36
[28]彭思来,蔡红珍,柏雪源.木塑复合材料的研究及其发展.科技信息,2006,2：72～74
[29]李坚.生物质复合材料学.北京：科学出版社,2008：80～190
[30]席军,刘廷华.木塑复合材料的生产应用现状.广东塑料,2006,3：25～28
[31]朱毅,王逢瑚,于伸.新型建筑实木窗的生产发展.森林工程,2005,21(6)：44～46
[32]刘敏英.铝合金隔热门窗的特性分析.铝加工,1997,20(4)：53～57
[33]郭红,桑谦.铝合金窗和塑料窗节能性能的比较及设计选用的基本原则.建筑科学,2006,22(2)：85～87
[34]马晓平.新型木窗的研究与设计.南京林业大学硕士论文.2008
[35]肖学仕.模具设计中如何提高塑料异型材的表面质量.工程塑料应用,2005,33(7)：53～55
[36]丁晚景,肖新华.木塑复合异型材特性及其挤出模具设计.黄石理工学院学报,2005,21(3)：26～29
[37]施桢蓉.木塑复合材料用挤出模设计.淮海工学院学报(自然科学版),2008,17(3)：15～17
[38]许民.木材纤维-热塑性聚合物复合工艺的研究.哈尔滨：东北林业大学博士学位论文,2005：80～100
[39]戚永河.中空玻璃节能概述.门窗,2007,3
[40]任长青.在《首届中国门业及配件产品交易博览会》上的报告.国外塑料,2009,27(12)：13
[41]宋维宁.在中国发展天然纤维／塑料复合材料的机遇与障碍.塑料异型材,2004,5：10
[2]潘嘉来.中国传统窗棂.北京：人民美术出版社,2004,5(1)：5～15
[3]冉明云,陈文大.阆中窗雕-奇技巧思迷人眼.中国西部,2004,3：32～33
[4]刘敬涛.2004年全国钢木门窗行业年会工作报告.中国建筑金属结构,2004,7：16～21
[5]杨金铎.大力提倡使用塑料门窗.北京建筑工程学院学报,1995,3(1)：136～141
[6]孙岩.建筑门窗市场竞争的经济规律探析.当代经济,2001,7：27
[7]综合信息.建筑门窗市场四大系列竞争激烈广东建材,2004,10：54
[8]李坤.铝合金窗、木窗、塑料窗欧洲门窗市场三足鼎立.建材工业信息,2003,12：18
[9]姚定康.略论欧式门窗与美式门窗的关系.中国建材,2007,12：49～50
[10]Ant je Wahl, David Cohen, Robert Kozak, Chris Gaston.The Japanese market for wood flooring and wood windows,1999,5:33～36
[11]何国山.我国木塑产品的现状、研究和发展.广州,科技信息,2007
[12]刘玉强,赵志曼.木塑复合材料及其发展.化工新型材料,2005,33(3)：59～61
[13]马玉强,孙贵煜.门窗节能的几项技术措施.中国建筑金属结构,2006(11)：21～22
[14]肖泽芳,赵林波,谢延军,王清文.木材—热塑性塑料复合材料的进展.东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1)
[15]北京奥运会应用木塑复合材料可行性研讨会在京召开.中国人造板,2006,(11)
[16]崔益华等.SBS改性再生型木塑复合材料及其耐水性能.宇航材料工艺,2006,4：29
[17]王清文,王伟宏.木塑复合材料与制品.北京：化学工业出版社,2007：127～137 150～167172～190
[18]石恒冲,李斌.木塑复合材料界面相容剂的研究进展.化学与黏合,2007,29(1)：44
[19]温武.国外木塑板生产的原料选择与技术发展方向.林产工业,2007,34(5)：53
[20]Nachtigall Sonic MB, Cerveira Graziela S, et al.New polymeric-coupling agent for polypropylene/wood-flour composites.Polym Testing,2007,26:6～19
[21]Ashori A.Wood-plastic composites as promising green composites for automotive indust ries.Bioresour Techn,2008,99(1):46～61
[22]洪浩群,何慧,贾德民等.木塑复合材料界面改性研究进展.塑料科技,2007,35(8)：11～18
[23]陈广汉,陈福林,雷彩红等.POE-g-MAH在木粉／PVC复合材料中的应用研究.塑料,2007,36(1)：43
[24]越二寅.改善木塑复合材料性能的方法讨论.甘肃林业职业技术学院学报,2006,7：80
[25]Haihong jian, D. Pascal Kamdem, Development of Poly(vinyl chloride)/Wood Composites;
[26]宋国君等.HDPE-g-MAH增容HDPE/木粉复合材料润滑剂的优选和热性能研究.塑料 工业,2006,34(12)：54
[27]薛盘芳.PVC／秸秆复合发泡材料成型工艺初探.工程塑料应用,2007,35(8)：36
[28]彭思来,蔡红珍,柏雪源.木塑复合材料的研究及其发展.科技信息,2006,2：72～74
[29]李坚.生物质复合材料学.北京：科学出版社,2008：80～190
[30]席军,刘廷华.木塑复合材料的生产应用现状.广东塑料,2006,3：25～28
[31]朱毅,王逢瑚,于伸.新型建筑实木窗的生产发展.森林工程,2005,21(6)：44～46
[32]刘敏英.铝合金隔热门窗的特性分析.铝加工,1997,20(4)：53～57
[33]郭红,桑谦.铝合金窗和塑料窗节能性能的比较及设计选用的基本原则.建筑科学,2006,22(2)：85～87
[34]马晓平.新型木窗的研究与设计.南京林业大学硕士论文.2008
[35]肖学仕.模具设计中如何提高塑料异型材的表面质量.工程塑料应用,2005,33(7)：53～55
[36]丁晚景,肖新华.木塑复合异型材特性及其挤出模具设计.黄石理工学院学报,2005,21(3)：26～29
[37]施桢蓉.木塑复合材料用挤出模设计.淮海工学院学报(自然科学版),2008,17(3)：15～17
[38]许民.木材纤维-热塑性聚合物复合工艺的研究.哈尔滨：东北林业大学博士学位论文,2005：80～100
[39]戚永河.中空玻璃节能概述.门窗,2007,3
[40]任长青.在《首届中国门业及配件产品交易博览会》上的报告.国外塑料,2009,27(12)：13
[41]宋维宁.在中国发展天然纤维／塑料复合材料的机遇与障碍.塑料异型材,2004,5：10