移动终端上下文感知应用中间件的研究与实现
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摘要
移动智能终端的普及和网络技术的成熟,促使了移动互联网智能终端应用的发展,也为移动应用能够有效地利用上下文感知技术,提供更受用户青睐的个性化服务创造了条件。但是要开发移动终端上下文感知应用,仍有许多困难需要解决。在移动终端平台上,每个传感提供的上下文都需要进行实时地采集、处理、监控分析,不仅加大了开发者的工作难度,也对移动终端的处理能力带来了挑战。此外,由于移动终端操作系统和屏幕分辨率各异,一款应用难以不加修改地在不同的移动终端平台下兼容运行,从而制约了移动应用的快速开发和部署。为了降低移动终端上下文感知应用开发的复杂度,本文设计了一种移动智能终端上下文感知应用中间件,用于解决终端上下文信息的集中处理问题以及应用的跨平台兼容问题。
本文分析了上下文处理系统的研究现状,结合移动终端平台的特点,设计了中间件系统的架构。中间件的上下文处理模块,屏蔽了上下文信息的处理细节,对终端传感提供的上下文数据进行集中地采集、存储、聚合、分析,在加快上下文感知应用开发进程的同时,降低上下文处理对终端带来的能源消耗。此外,中间件的界面自适应模块,结合BAE引擎特性,解决了以Web技术开发的移动应用在Android、 OMS、Symbian等不同移动操作系统,不同分辨率终端下的适配问题,实现了移动应用的跨平台兼容运行。最后,本文通过移动Widget上下文感知示范应用的开发展现了中间件的性能,并对中间件的研究工作进行了总结和展望。
The popularization of mobile terminals and the maturity of internet technology facilitate the development of mobile internet smart terminal applications, and create an environment for designers to provide users with more personalized services by utilizing context-aware techniques effectively. However, developing a mobile context-aware application is still a complex work that would encounter many problems. In the mobile terminal platform, the context data provided by each sensor needs to be analyzed in time by applying different mechanisms of context acquisition, context processing and context monitoring. The whole analyzing work not only increases the developer's burden, but also challenges the mobile terminal's processing capability. Moreover, due to the diversity of mobile operating systems and screen resolutions, application could not achieve cross-platform deployment with no changes of source code. All of these factors restrict the development and the deployment of mobile applications. In order to reduce the complexity of creating mobile context-aware applications, this paper proposed a context-aware applicational middleware for mobile terminals to enable context centralized processing and solve the cross-platform compatibility issue.
This paper analyzed the context-aware related research work and the characteristics of mobile terminal environment, and then proposed the architecture of the middleware system. The context processing module of the middleware hides the context processing details, which involve of context acquisition, context storage, context aggregation and context analyzation. It facilitates the development of context-aware applications, while reduces the energy consumption on smart terminals. Moreover, the interface adaptive module of the middleware built on BAE engine enables the widget applications to be adaptive on different terminals with diverse screen resolutions and operating systems (like Android, OMS, and Symbian) to achieve cross-platform deployment. At last, the performance of the middleware is evaluated by developing two context-aware widget applications. And the future research plan is discussed.
本文分析了上下文处理系统的研究现状,结合移动终端平台的特点,设计了中间件系统的架构。中间件的上下文处理模块,屏蔽了上下文信息的处理细节,对终端传感提供的上下文数据进行集中地采集、存储、聚合、分析,在加快上下文感知应用开发进程的同时,降低上下文处理对终端带来的能源消耗。此外,中间件的界面自适应模块,结合BAE引擎特性,解决了以Web技术开发的移动应用在Android、 OMS、Symbian等不同移动操作系统,不同分辨率终端下的适配问题,实现了移动应用的跨平台兼容运行。最后,本文通过移动Widget上下文感知示范应用的开发展现了中间件的性能,并对中间件的研究工作进行了总结和展望。
The popularization of mobile terminals and the maturity of internet technology facilitate the development of mobile internet smart terminal applications, and create an environment for designers to provide users with more personalized services by utilizing context-aware techniques effectively. However, developing a mobile context-aware application is still a complex work that would encounter many problems. In the mobile terminal platform, the context data provided by each sensor needs to be analyzed in time by applying different mechanisms of context acquisition, context processing and context monitoring. The whole analyzing work not only increases the developer's burden, but also challenges the mobile terminal's processing capability. Moreover, due to the diversity of mobile operating systems and screen resolutions, application could not achieve cross-platform deployment with no changes of source code. All of these factors restrict the development and the deployment of mobile applications. In order to reduce the complexity of creating mobile context-aware applications, this paper proposed a context-aware applicational middleware for mobile terminals to enable context centralized processing and solve the cross-platform compatibility issue.
This paper analyzed the context-aware related research work and the characteristics of mobile terminal environment, and then proposed the architecture of the middleware system. The context processing module of the middleware hides the context processing details, which involve of context acquisition, context storage, context aggregation and context analyzation. It facilitates the development of context-aware applications, while reduces the energy consumption on smart terminals. Moreover, the interface adaptive module of the middleware built on BAE engine enables the widget applications to be adaptive on different terminals with diverse screen resolutions and operating systems (like Android, OMS, and Symbian) to achieve cross-platform deployment. At last, the performance of the middleware is evaluated by developing two context-aware widget applications. And the future research plan is discussed.
引文
[1]John Chon, Hojung Cha, "LifeMap:A Smartphone-Based Context Provider for Location-Based Services", IEEE Pervasive Computing, v.10 n.2, April 2011, pp.58-67
[2]BabyMonitor,https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=dk.mvainformatics.a ndroid.babymonitor
[3]Sangkeun Lee, Juno Chang, Sang-goo Lee, "Survey and Trend Analysis of Context-Aware Systems", Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal. Vol.14(2),2011, pp.527-548.
[4]AK Dey, GD Abowd, "The Context Toolkit:Aiding the Development of Context-Aware Applications", Workshop on Software Engineering for Wearable and Pervasive Computing, Limerick, Ireland, June 2000.
[5]Buthpitiya S, H. Cheng, F. Sun, M. Griss, A. K. Dey, " Hermes:A Context-Aware Application Development Framework for the Mobile Environment" Carnegie Mellon University 2010 poster,2010.
[6]H. Chen, T. Finin, and A. Joshi. An Intelligent Broker for Context-Aware Systems. Adjunct Proc. of Ubicomp 2003, October 2003, pp 183-184,
[7]H. Chen, F. Perich, T. Finin, and A. Joshi. SOUPA:Standard Ontology for Ubiquitous and Pervasive Applications. In Int. Conf. on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems:Networking and Services, August 2004.
[8]Ejigu D., Scuturici M., and Brunie L., "CoCA:A Collaborative Context-Aware Service Platform for Pervasive Computing". Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Information Technology,2007, pp.297-302.
[9]D. Ejigu, M. Scuturici, and L. Brunie, "Hybrid approach to collaborative context-aware service platform for pervasive computing ", Journal of computers, vol.3, January 2008, pp.40-50.
[10]Buthpitiya S, H. Cheng, F. Sun, M. Griss, A. K. Dey, "Hermes-a Context-Aware Application Development Framework and Toolkit for the Mobile Environment" Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, March 2012, pp.663-670.
[11]D. Chu. A. Kansal, J. Liu, and F. Zhao. "Mobile apps:it's time to move up to condos". In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX conference on Hot topics in operating systems, HotOS'13, pp.16-16,2011.
[12]Tingxin Yan, David Chu, Deepak Ganesan, Aman Kansal, Jie Liu, "Fast app launching for mobile devices using predictive user context", Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services. June 25-29,2012, Low Wood Bay, Lake District, UK
[13]BAE,移动通信创新数据库,http://labs.chinamobile.com/innobase/i-11979.html,
[14]PhoneGap中国,http://www.phonegap.cn/
[15]Mobile Widget,移动通信创新数据库,http://labs.chinamobile.com/innobase/ i-37280.html
[16]程宝平,杨晓华,朱春梅.移动微技应用开发权威指南.电子工业出版社2010：45-55..
[17]HTML,百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/692.htm
[18]HTML5教程,W3school, http://www.w3school.com.cn/html5/index.asp
[19]CSS教程,W3school, http://www.w3school.com.cn/css/index.asp
[20]CSS3.0在线手册,http://www.97zzw.com/css3book/
[21]HTML5&CSS3 Support, http://www.findmebyip.com/litmus/
[22]Javascript,百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/16168.htm
[23]XML教程,W3school, http://www.w3school.com.cn/xml/index.asp
[24]G. Abowd, A. Dey, P. Brown, N. Davies, M. Smith, and P. Steggles. "Towards a better understanding of context and context-awareness". In Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing,1999, pp 304-307,
[25]Dey, G. Abowd, and D. Salber. A conceptual framework and a toolkit for supporting the rapid prototyping of context-aware applications. Human-Computer Interaction,2001, pp 97-166,.
[26]R. Want, A. Hopper, V. Falcao and J. Gibbons "The Active Badge Location System," ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol.10, no.1,1992. pp. 91-102,
[27]JIL Widget System API Specification-Handset API 1.2.2,
[28]J. Ye, S. Dobson and S. McKeever, "Situation identification techniques in pervasive computing:a review", Pervasive Mob. Comput.8,2012, pp.36-66.
[29]Brian Y. Lim, Anind K. Dey, Toolkit to support intelligibility in context-aware applications, Proceedings of the 12th ACM international conference on Ubiquitous computing,2010, Copenhagen Denmark
[30]Mia Stern, Joseph Beck, and Beverly Woolf. Naive bayes classifiers for user modelling. In Proceedings of the User Modelling Conference. Morgan Kaufinann,1999.
[31]杨少华,王洪翠,熊锦华,张程；上下文感知中间件[J]；信息技术快报,2006,4(3),pp 26-33.
[32]XMLHTTP,维基百科,http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMLHttpRequest
[33]JQuery, http://jquery.com/
[34]N. Zhao. "Full-featured pedometer design realized with 3-Axis digital accelerometer". Analog Dialogue,44--06,2010.
[35]Smart Actions, http://www.motorola.com/us/consumers/SMARTACTIONS%E2% 84%A2/112638,en_US,pd.html
[36]AutomateIt, http://automateitapp.com/
[2]BabyMonitor,https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=dk.mvainformatics.a ndroid.babymonitor
[3]Sangkeun Lee, Juno Chang, Sang-goo Lee, "Survey and Trend Analysis of Context-Aware Systems", Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal. Vol.14(2),2011, pp.527-548.
[4]AK Dey, GD Abowd, "The Context Toolkit:Aiding the Development of Context-Aware Applications", Workshop on Software Engineering for Wearable and Pervasive Computing, Limerick, Ireland, June 2000.
[5]Buthpitiya S, H. Cheng, F. Sun, M. Griss, A. K. Dey, " Hermes:A Context-Aware Application Development Framework for the Mobile Environment" Carnegie Mellon University 2010 poster,2010.
[6]H. Chen, T. Finin, and A. Joshi. An Intelligent Broker for Context-Aware Systems. Adjunct Proc. of Ubicomp 2003, October 2003, pp 183-184,
[7]H. Chen, F. Perich, T. Finin, and A. Joshi. SOUPA:Standard Ontology for Ubiquitous and Pervasive Applications. In Int. Conf. on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems:Networking and Services, August 2004.
[8]Ejigu D., Scuturici M., and Brunie L., "CoCA:A Collaborative Context-Aware Service Platform for Pervasive Computing". Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Information Technology,2007, pp.297-302.
[9]D. Ejigu, M. Scuturici, and L. Brunie, "Hybrid approach to collaborative context-aware service platform for pervasive computing ", Journal of computers, vol.3, January 2008, pp.40-50.
[10]Buthpitiya S, H. Cheng, F. Sun, M. Griss, A. K. Dey, "Hermes-a Context-Aware Application Development Framework and Toolkit for the Mobile Environment" Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, March 2012, pp.663-670.
[11]D. Chu. A. Kansal, J. Liu, and F. Zhao. "Mobile apps:it's time to move up to condos". In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX conference on Hot topics in operating systems, HotOS'13, pp.16-16,2011.
[12]Tingxin Yan, David Chu, Deepak Ganesan, Aman Kansal, Jie Liu, "Fast app launching for mobile devices using predictive user context", Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services. June 25-29,2012, Low Wood Bay, Lake District, UK
[13]BAE,移动通信创新数据库,http://labs.chinamobile.com/innobase/i-11979.html,
[14]PhoneGap中国,http://www.phonegap.cn/
[15]Mobile Widget,移动通信创新数据库,http://labs.chinamobile.com/innobase/ i-37280.html
[16]程宝平,杨晓华,朱春梅.移动微技应用开发权威指南.电子工业出版社2010：45-55..
[17]HTML,百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/692.htm
[18]HTML5教程,W3school, http://www.w3school.com.cn/html5/index.asp
[19]CSS教程,W3school, http://www.w3school.com.cn/css/index.asp
[20]CSS3.0在线手册,http://www.97zzw.com/css3book/
[21]HTML5&CSS3 Support, http://www.findmebyip.com/litmus/
[22]Javascript,百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/16168.htm
[23]XML教程,W3school, http://www.w3school.com.cn/xml/index.asp
[24]G. Abowd, A. Dey, P. Brown, N. Davies, M. Smith, and P. Steggles. "Towards a better understanding of context and context-awareness". In Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing,1999, pp 304-307,
[25]Dey, G. Abowd, and D. Salber. A conceptual framework and a toolkit for supporting the rapid prototyping of context-aware applications. Human-Computer Interaction,2001, pp 97-166,.
[26]R. Want, A. Hopper, V. Falcao and J. Gibbons "The Active Badge Location System," ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol.10, no.1,1992. pp. 91-102,
[27]JIL Widget System API Specification-Handset API 1.2.2,
[28]J. Ye, S. Dobson and S. McKeever, "Situation identification techniques in pervasive computing:a review", Pervasive Mob. Comput.8,2012, pp.36-66.
[29]Brian Y. Lim, Anind K. Dey, Toolkit to support intelligibility in context-aware applications, Proceedings of the 12th ACM international conference on Ubiquitous computing,2010, Copenhagen Denmark
[30]Mia Stern, Joseph Beck, and Beverly Woolf. Naive bayes classifiers for user modelling. In Proceedings of the User Modelling Conference. Morgan Kaufinann,1999.
[31]杨少华,王洪翠,熊锦华,张程；上下文感知中间件[J]；信息技术快报,2006,4(3),pp 26-33.
[32]XMLHTTP,维基百科,http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMLHttpRequest
[33]JQuery, http://jquery.com/
[34]N. Zhao. "Full-featured pedometer design realized with 3-Axis digital accelerometer". Analog Dialogue,44--06,2010.
[35]Smart Actions, http://www.motorola.com/us/consumers/SMARTACTIONS%E2% 84%A2/112638,en_US,pd.html
[36]AutomateIt, http://automateitapp.com/