基于RSVP的移动IPv6服务质量研究
摘要
近些年来，各种移动设备得到了广泛的应用。Internet 迅速地发展为一个全球统一的通信网络系统。大量的移动设备需要在移动过程中保持Internet接入和通信的连续性，使得移动IP技术成为了近年来研究的主要方向之一。为解决全球性的IP地址匮乏而制定的新版本的IPv6协议即将取代现有的IPv4协议，为多种网络技术融合在IP网上做出了必要的准备。在这种情况下，移动IPv6协议应运而生，并在不断的发展与完善之中。
网络上的应用正在朝着多元化的方向发展，诸如音频、视频等的实时传输对网络的服务质量提出了更高的要求，因而移动网络的服务质量就得到了更多的关注。本课题就是在对现有的移动IPv6的QoS体系结构进行分析的基础上，针对其存在的一些缺陷进行改进，并引入了为应用的数据流在网络层提供一个不变的流标识的方法来实现网络层的流处理机制对于移动节点的移动保持透明的思想，并结合RSVP协议的特点构造了FT移动IPv6的QoS模型。模型解决了原有基本模型中对于移动节点每次移动引发的端到端的重协商产生大的延迟和较严重的丢包现象，并实现了无缝转发的QoS保障，同时并没有增加协议的复杂性。
本文中在详细阐述了FT模型的工作机制的基础上，使用NS仿真软件进行了验证，在转发延迟、丢包率、吞吐率等性能指标上与现有的模型进行了比较。仿真结果表明，FT模型有效地降低了转发延迟，在各项性能指标上都优于原有的基本模型，有效的改善了网络的性能，提高了网络QoS水平。
论文最后对使用MPLS协议来提高移动IPv6的QoS水平的可行性进行了简单的分析，并将此作为今后研究的方向。
In recent years, the tremendous increase in the number of portable computing devices used raised a pressing need for a mobile computing environment. The Internet is rapidly evolving into a global and ubiquitous communication network infrastructure. The addresses of IPv4 will be exhausted in the near future based on the current developing speed of the Internet. To cater for the Internet’s rapid development and huge requirements of wireless computing devices, the standard works for IPv6 has been advanced and perfected.
On the Internet, the real-time service such as video-on-demand demanding a more advanced technologies and offer increasing higher bit rates. Thus the quality of service in mobile network has been concerned .In these paper, a concept which requires the mobility support scheme to provide a constant flow identity for the application data flow at the network layer regardless of node mobility is introduced, making node mobility completely transparent to network layer flow handing mechanisms. Based on this concept, we propose a flow transparent IPv6 mobile QoS model combined with the existing RSVP protocol. The problem of the existing Mobile IPv6 and RSVP interworking approach is resolved, that is, an end-to-end RSVP renegotiation is incurred each time the mobile nodes handoff from one subnet to another. FT model achieve the seamless QoS provision during handoff without making the protocol more complex.
Performance evaluation comparing FT model with the existing rudimental model are conducted with the Network Simulator (ns2). Simulation results demonstrate the ability of FT model to minimize handoff resource reservation delay, handoff packet delay and loss.
The paper also analyzed the feasibility of realizing the performance improvement of mobile IPv6 network by combining the MPLS protocol, which is to be developed in the future.
网络上的应用正在朝着多元化的方向发展，诸如音频、视频等的实时传输对网络的服务质量提出了更高的要求，因而移动网络的服务质量就得到了更多的关注。本课题就是在对现有的移动IPv6的QoS体系结构进行分析的基础上，针对其存在的一些缺陷进行改进，并引入了为应用的数据流在网络层提供一个不变的流标识的方法来实现网络层的流处理机制对于移动节点的移动保持透明的思想，并结合RSVP协议的特点构造了FT移动IPv6的QoS模型。模型解决了原有基本模型中对于移动节点每次移动引发的端到端的重协商产生大的延迟和较严重的丢包现象，并实现了无缝转发的QoS保障，同时并没有增加协议的复杂性。
本文中在详细阐述了FT模型的工作机制的基础上，使用NS仿真软件进行了验证，在转发延迟、丢包率、吞吐率等性能指标上与现有的模型进行了比较。仿真结果表明，FT模型有效地降低了转发延迟，在各项性能指标上都优于原有的基本模型，有效的改善了网络的性能，提高了网络QoS水平。
论文最后对使用MPLS协议来提高移动IPv6的QoS水平的可行性进行了简单的分析，并将此作为今后研究的方向。
In recent years, the tremendous increase in the number of portable computing devices used raised a pressing need for a mobile computing environment. The Internet is rapidly evolving into a global and ubiquitous communication network infrastructure. The addresses of IPv4 will be exhausted in the near future based on the current developing speed of the Internet. To cater for the Internet’s rapid development and huge requirements of wireless computing devices, the standard works for IPv6 has been advanced and perfected.
On the Internet, the real-time service such as video-on-demand demanding a more advanced technologies and offer increasing higher bit rates. Thus the quality of service in mobile network has been concerned .In these paper, a concept which requires the mobility support scheme to provide a constant flow identity for the application data flow at the network layer regardless of node mobility is introduced, making node mobility completely transparent to network layer flow handing mechanisms. Based on this concept, we propose a flow transparent IPv6 mobile QoS model combined with the existing RSVP protocol. The problem of the existing Mobile IPv6 and RSVP interworking approach is resolved, that is, an end-to-end RSVP renegotiation is incurred each time the mobile nodes handoff from one subnet to another. FT model achieve the seamless QoS provision during handoff without making the protocol more complex.
Performance evaluation comparing FT model with the existing rudimental model are conducted with the Network Simulator (ns2). Simulation results demonstrate the ability of FT model to minimize handoff resource reservation delay, handoff packet delay and loss.
The paper also analyzed the feasibility of realizing the performance improvement of mobile IPv6 network by combining the MPLS protocol, which is to be developed in the future.
引文
[1] Charles E.Perkins, Mobile Networking Through Mobile IP ,Sun Microsystem, http://www.computer.org/internet/v2n1/mobile.htm
[2] The Internet Engineering Task Force, http://www.ietf.org/
[3] A. Durand, P. Fasano, I. Guardini, D. Lento, IPv6 Tunnel Broker, January 2001, Request for Comments: 3053
[4] M. Daniele, IP Version 6 Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol, Compaq Computer Corporation, December 1998
[5] P. Srisuresh, K. Egevang, Traditional IP Network Address Translator (Traditional NAT), January 2001
[6] B.S. Bakshi, P. Krishna, D.K. Pradhan, and N.H. Vaidya, `Providing Seamless Communication in Mobile Wireless Networks,' Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), pp. 535-43, 1996
[7]Srinivas Vegesna,IP Quality of Service,人民邮电出版社，2001.8，117页-132页
[8] A. Terzis, M. Srivastava, and L. Zhang, A Simple QoS Signaling Protocol for Mobile Hosts in the Integrated Services Internet, Proceedings of INFOCOM'99: Conference on Computer Communications, vol. 3, pp. 1011-18, 1999.
[9] R. Braden, Ed，L. Zhang，S. Berson，S. Herzog，S. Jamin， Resource ReSerVation Protocol Version 1 Functional Specification，September 1997，Request for Comments: 2205
[10] K. Nichols, S. Blake, F. Baker, D. Black, Definition of the Differentiated Services Field in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers, December 1998
[11] R. Droms, Ed., J. Bound, B. Volz, T. Lemon, C. Perkins, M. Carney, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6, Request for Comments: 3315
[12] Robert Hinden, Steve Deering,‘IP Version 6 Addressing Achitecture’, oct 2002
[13] S. Thomson, T. Narten, T. Jinmei, H. Soliman, IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, Internet-Draft
[14] J. Rajahalme, A. Conta, B. Carpenter, S. Deering, IPv6 Flow Label Specification, IPv6 Working Group, December 2002
[15] R. Thayer, N. Doraswamy, R. Glenn, IP Security Document Roadmap, November 1998, Request for Comments: 2411
[16] D. Johnson and C. Perkins, Mobility Support in IPv6, IETF Internet Draft, November 2000, work in progress
[17] T. Narten, E. Nordmark, W. Simpson, Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6,December 1998
[18]Wolfgang Frotsche, Florian Heissenhuber, Mobility Support for the Next Generation Internet, 2002
[19] R. Braden, D. Clark, and S. Shenker, Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview, RFC 1633, June 1994
[20] Y. Bernet, R. Yavatkar, M. Speer, R. Braden, J. Wroclawski, E. Felstaine, A Framework for Integrated Services Operation over Diffserv Networks, November 2000
[21] Benny Amrami, Topics in MultiProcessing, 2001.5
[22] R. Braden, L. Zhang, S. Berson, S. Herzog, and S. Jamin, Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Functional Specification,''RFC 2205, September 1997
[23] G. Chiruvolu, A. Agrawal, and M. Vandenhoute, Mobility and QoS Support for IPv6-based Real-time Wireless Internet Traffic, 1999 IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 1, pp. 334-8, 1999
[24] G. Fankhauser, S. Hadjiefthymiades, N. Nikaein, and L. Stacey, RSVP Support for Mobile IP Version 6 in Wireless Enviroments, Tech. Rep. TIK-Report Nr. 58, Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 1998.
[25] P. Bhagwat, C. Perkins, and S. Tripathi, `Network Layer Mobility: An Architecture and Survey,' IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 54-64, 1996
[26] UCB/LBNL/VINTNetwork-ns(version2),http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns
[27]`RSVP/ns,'http://www-student.informatik.uni-bonn.de/?greis/rsvpns
[28] http://www.inrialpesfr/planete/mobilwan/
[29] E. Rosen, A. Viswanathan, R. Callon, Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture, January 2001
[30] Anthony Alles，FredBaker，Paul Doolan，Dino Farinacci，Guy Fedorkow,标记交换技术，Cisco Systems，2001.12
[31] Ivan Pepelnjak,Jim Guichard, MPLS和VPN体系结构 , 人民邮电出版社 ,2001.8
[32] http://www.6bone.com
[34] http://www.ipv6.org
[35] http://www.inrialpes.fr/planete/mobiwan/
[36] http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/
[37] http://www.mobile-ip.com.cn/
[38] http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipv6-charter.html
[2] The Internet Engineering Task Force, http://www.ietf.org/
[3] A. Durand, P. Fasano, I. Guardini, D. Lento, IPv6 Tunnel Broker, January 2001, Request for Comments: 3053
[4] M. Daniele, IP Version 6 Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol, Compaq Computer Corporation, December 1998
[5] P. Srisuresh, K. Egevang, Traditional IP Network Address Translator (Traditional NAT), January 2001
[6] B.S. Bakshi, P. Krishna, D.K. Pradhan, and N.H. Vaidya, `Providing Seamless Communication in Mobile Wireless Networks,' Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), pp. 535-43, 1996
[7]Srinivas Vegesna,IP Quality of Service,人民邮电出版社，2001.8，117页-132页
[8] A. Terzis, M. Srivastava, and L. Zhang, A Simple QoS Signaling Protocol for Mobile Hosts in the Integrated Services Internet, Proceedings of INFOCOM'99: Conference on Computer Communications, vol. 3, pp. 1011-18, 1999.
[9] R. Braden, Ed，L. Zhang，S. Berson，S. Herzog，S. Jamin， Resource ReSerVation Protocol Version 1 Functional Specification，September 1997，Request for Comments: 2205
[10] K. Nichols, S. Blake, F. Baker, D. Black, Definition of the Differentiated Services Field in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers, December 1998
[11] R. Droms, Ed., J. Bound, B. Volz, T. Lemon, C. Perkins, M. Carney, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6, Request for Comments: 3315
[12] Robert Hinden, Steve Deering,‘IP Version 6 Addressing Achitecture’, oct 2002
[13] S. Thomson, T. Narten, T. Jinmei, H. Soliman, IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, Internet-Draft
[14] J. Rajahalme, A. Conta, B. Carpenter, S. Deering, IPv6 Flow Label Specification, IPv6 Working Group, December 2002
[15] R. Thayer, N. Doraswamy, R. Glenn, IP Security Document Roadmap, November 1998, Request for Comments: 2411
[16] D. Johnson and C. Perkins, Mobility Support in IPv6, IETF Internet Draft, November 2000, work in progress
[17] T. Narten, E. Nordmark, W. Simpson, Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6,December 1998
[18]Wolfgang Frotsche, Florian Heissenhuber, Mobility Support for the Next Generation Internet, 2002
[19] R. Braden, D. Clark, and S. Shenker, Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview, RFC 1633, June 1994
[20] Y. Bernet, R. Yavatkar, M. Speer, R. Braden, J. Wroclawski, E. Felstaine, A Framework for Integrated Services Operation over Diffserv Networks, November 2000
[21] Benny Amrami, Topics in MultiProcessing, 2001.5
[22] R. Braden, L. Zhang, S. Berson, S. Herzog, and S. Jamin, Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Functional Specification,''RFC 2205, September 1997
[23] G. Chiruvolu, A. Agrawal, and M. Vandenhoute, Mobility and QoS Support for IPv6-based Real-time Wireless Internet Traffic, 1999 IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 1, pp. 334-8, 1999
[24] G. Fankhauser, S. Hadjiefthymiades, N. Nikaein, and L. Stacey, RSVP Support for Mobile IP Version 6 in Wireless Enviroments, Tech. Rep. TIK-Report Nr. 58, Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 1998.
[25] P. Bhagwat, C. Perkins, and S. Tripathi, `Network Layer Mobility: An Architecture and Survey,' IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 54-64, 1996
[26] UCB/LBNL/VINTNetwork-ns(version2),http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns
[27]`RSVP/ns,'http://www-student.informatik.uni-bonn.de/?greis/rsvpns
[28] http://www.inrialpesfr/planete/mobilwan/
[29] E. Rosen, A. Viswanathan, R. Callon, Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture, January 2001
[30] Anthony Alles，FredBaker，Paul Doolan，Dino Farinacci，Guy Fedorkow,标记交换技术，Cisco Systems，2001.12
[31] Ivan Pepelnjak,Jim Guichard, MPLS和VPN体系结构 , 人民邮电出版社 ,2001.8
[32] http://www.6bone.com
[34] http://www.ipv6.org
[35] http://www.inrialpes.fr/planete/mobiwan/
[36] http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/
[37] http://www.mobile-ip.com.cn/
[38] http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipv6-charter.html