移动计算环境下语义缓存技术研究及应用
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摘要
移动计算是计算技术与无线通信技术的融合，其核心目标在于屏蔽无线通信和移动环境，平滑实现资源访问和资源共享。当前，移动计算领域存在大量亟待解决的基础性问题，如弱连接问题、能量问题、切换问题、带宽问题等。固定网络和传统分布式系统的方法未能适应移动计算的方方面面。移动计算领域的相关研究是当前计算类科学研究的热点和重点之一。
本文研究移动计算环境下的语义缓存技术，包括语义缓存一致性维护，缓存失效报告结构、协同缓存方法、移动代理技术、断接下近似查询算法、缓存在道路网K近邻查询中的应用等方面内容。希望通过对这些问题的探索和研究，为移动计算环境中语义缓存技术的研究提供有益的理论参考和技术路线。
课题研究工作及主要学术贡献体现在以下5个方面：
1.语义缓存一致性判断和粒度裁剪方法：提出在移动支持站点（MSS）中放置终端语义缓存备份的方法，包括扩展型语义缓存SMC-架构，MSS和移动终端中的缓存组织结构和MSS广播的缓存失效报告的组织结构。然后，论述了MSS中的各语义缓存项在状态上可以与服务方保持强一致性，并提出更新粒度细化的方法，详细阐述3种更新操作转化为等价更新序列，并插入更新队列的过程，从而达到将更新操作精确到元组级、减少缓存维护通信量的目标；实验表明，所提方法在压缩失效报告长度和减小网络通信量方面较传统方法有明显的改善。
2.基于移动代理的语义缓存一致性维护方案：基于SMC-架构，在MSS上设计移动代理：MSSAg和MTAg，定义各代理结构和功能，提出无小区切换和有小区切换两种情况下移动代理实现缓存一致性维护的算法，以适应终端频繁移动的网络环境；在终端移动模拟方面，采用随机漫步模型，设计了小区位置坐标计算判定表，通过此表快速有效地计算下一小区坐标；实验表明，算法在缩减失效报告长度和降低网络通信量方面较其他算法有明显的改善，能够在断接、移动和切换情况下进行缓存一致性恢复，并且降低了数据通信开销和恢复时间开销。
3.应用于移动计算环境中的协同语义缓存算法：分析并指出集中式或分布式的协同语义缓存结构均不适用于移动计算环境，进而给出一种适用的协同语义缓存结构。提出一种新的协同语义缓存算法，当移动终端提交查询请求时，先查询MSS，根据新查询描述与MSS中已存储的各终端历史查询数据的包含和相交情况，进行查询响应和查询裁剪，进而讨论了协同缓存的一致性维护方案；实验表明，所提出的算法可以提高缓存数据命中率，减少查询响应时间，从而节省了带宽资源，减轻了数据库服务器的负担。
4.利用语义缓存进行近似查询的SQPID算法：重点解决断接查询问题。文中给出相关定义，描述构建综合相关语义缓存项的过程；从理论上分析证明了在满足缓存有效性的条件下，由综合相关语义缓存项导出的查询结果满足正确性的结论；分析了完备和不完备两种查询下近似结果的导出情况，进而给出SQPID算法的过程伪码以及算法的时间复杂度；实验表明，SQPID算法在处理断接查询时，判断相关语义缓存索引项条件简单，构建综合相关语义缓存步骤简洁，编程实现容易，算法性能良好。
5.移动终端的K近邻查询算法及其应用：文中给出道路网和分区内数据对象的存储结构，用网格对分区进行细分，信息存储为顶点列表、对象列表和边列表；详细描述了KNN查询算法的执行过程，对于终端提交的位置相关连续查询请求，利用缓存技术设计算法CQ-KNN能够支持连续位置相关查询，并给出缓存一致性维护策略；实验表明，CQ-KNN算法较MKNN算法有更快的CPU处理速度和网络响应延时，并且支持移动终端的离线近似查询。
Mobile computing is a combination of computing technology and wirelesscommunication technology. The core objective of mobile computing is shielding wirelesscommunication and mobile environments, then let computers or other smart terminalsachieve resource access and resource share. Now, in mobile computing environment,however, there are many unsolved problems so far, such as weak connection, limited energy,hand-off and limited wireless bandwidth etc. So the methods used in conventional distributedsystems and wired systems are not appropriate in mobile computing systems. The relatedresearch in mobile computing field is becoming the hot spot and focus in current computerscience research.
In this thesis, we study semantic cache technology for mobile computing environments,including semantic cache consistency maintenance, organization structure of cache invalidreport, cooperative semantic cache mechanism, mobile agent technology, approximate queryalgorithm during disconnection, KNN query in road networks, etc. We hope to providetheoretical references and technology roadmap for semantic cache by the research of theseproblems.
The main contents and contributions of this thesis are summarized as follows:
1. Research on semantic cache consistency judge and granularity clipping method.Firstly, the thought of using MSS to store mobile client’s semantic cache backups is proposed.And then the extended semantic cache structure SMC-Architecture, cache organizationstructure in MSS and mobile terminal, as well as the broadcast cache invalidate reportorganization structure are presented. Secondly, we consider three kinds of update operations,the procedure of each update from server is trimmed into tuple level and then the trimmedupdate sequences are stored into queue is discussed in detail. The results of simulationexperiments show that the proposed algorithm can reduce invalidation report size and savedata communication cost effectively.
2. A semantic cache maintenance scheme using mobile agent is proposed, which couldadapt to frequent mobility, hand-off network environments. The scheme based on SMC-Architecture, and we design two mobile agents: MSSAg and MTAg, running in MSS tomaintain cache consistency effectively and autonomously. The processing of maintain cacheconsistency using mobile agents is discussed in two cases: without hand-off and withhand-off. In this work we use random walking model to analysis and emulate the behavior ofmobile terminals. We also design the next cell location predict algorithm decision table,which could compute mobile terminal’s future location quickly. The results of simulationexperiments show that the proposed algorithm can reduce invalidation report size and savedata communication cost effectively. And the proposed cache consistency recovery methodkeeps small data communication cost and time cost which adapt to frequent mobility,hand-off and disconnect network environments.
3. A new approach to answer queries using cooperative semantic cache mechanism inmobile computing environments is proposed. Firstly, we analyzes and point out that bothcentralized and distributed CoopSC architectures don’t fully fit for mobile computingenvironment and cellular network. And then the cooperative semantic cache architecture ispresented. Secondly, procedure of cooperation is introduced in detail. Before sending aquery to original database server, mobile terminal will connect to MSS and ask for a queryresult cached by other mobile terminals that subsume or overlap the original query. Inadition, we discuss the methods used in cache consistence maintenance, which focus onconfirm receiver of the periodic cache invalidation report and the process of validate client’slocal cache. The results of simulation experiments show that cooperative semantic cachemethod could improve cache hit ratio, reduce network delay time, save bandwidth and shareserver burden in development.
4. A simple query processing algorithm SQPID based on semantic cache is proposed,which could reply queries in disconnection. Firstly, related definitions are given, and theprocedure of building integrated related semantic cache item is presented. The main idea ofSQPID is to build the integrated related semantic cache item about current query throughcombine and clip operations. Secondly, theoretic analysis proves that query result exportfrom integrated related semantic cache item is correct, when cache validity is satisfied.Thirdly, analyses the approximate result export procedure in two aspects: completeness queryand incompleteness query. In order to simplify the procedure, SQPID’s combine does not involve indirect relativity estimate, thus speed up the program of extracting query resultsfrom semantic cache during disconnection. Then the pseudo code of SQPID is presented, andthe time complexity is analyzed. The results of simulation experiments show that based onSQPID, query response time and degree of accuracy are better meet client’s requirementsthan QPID.
5. A novel mobile continuous KNN query algorithm (CQ-KNN) is proposed, which isapplied in road networks. Firstly, we design a structure to store cell data objects namedGrid-Object to describe road networks graph model, related information saved into vertex list,object list and edge list. Secondly, describe CQ-KNN query algorithm in detail. In order tosupport mobile terminals continuous query, using local cache memory strategy andfurthermore, cache consistent maintain procedure based server broadcast invalid locationreport is given. The results of simulation experiments show that KNN and CQ-KNNalgorithms can reduce CPU time and network response delay, also can support approximateK nearest neighbor query when the terminal off-line a period of time.
本文研究移动计算环境下的语义缓存技术，包括语义缓存一致性维护，缓存失效报告结构、协同缓存方法、移动代理技术、断接下近似查询算法、缓存在道路网K近邻查询中的应用等方面内容。希望通过对这些问题的探索和研究，为移动计算环境中语义缓存技术的研究提供有益的理论参考和技术路线。
课题研究工作及主要学术贡献体现在以下5个方面：
1.语义缓存一致性判断和粒度裁剪方法：提出在移动支持站点（MSS）中放置终端语义缓存备份的方法，包括扩展型语义缓存SMC-架构，MSS和移动终端中的缓存组织结构和MSS广播的缓存失效报告的组织结构。然后，论述了MSS中的各语义缓存项在状态上可以与服务方保持强一致性，并提出更新粒度细化的方法，详细阐述3种更新操作转化为等价更新序列，并插入更新队列的过程，从而达到将更新操作精确到元组级、减少缓存维护通信量的目标；实验表明，所提方法在压缩失效报告长度和减小网络通信量方面较传统方法有明显的改善。
2.基于移动代理的语义缓存一致性维护方案：基于SMC-架构，在MSS上设计移动代理：MSSAg和MTAg，定义各代理结构和功能，提出无小区切换和有小区切换两种情况下移动代理实现缓存一致性维护的算法，以适应终端频繁移动的网络环境；在终端移动模拟方面，采用随机漫步模型，设计了小区位置坐标计算判定表，通过此表快速有效地计算下一小区坐标；实验表明，算法在缩减失效报告长度和降低网络通信量方面较其他算法有明显的改善，能够在断接、移动和切换情况下进行缓存一致性恢复，并且降低了数据通信开销和恢复时间开销。
3.应用于移动计算环境中的协同语义缓存算法：分析并指出集中式或分布式的协同语义缓存结构均不适用于移动计算环境，进而给出一种适用的协同语义缓存结构。提出一种新的协同语义缓存算法，当移动终端提交查询请求时，先查询MSS，根据新查询描述与MSS中已存储的各终端历史查询数据的包含和相交情况，进行查询响应和查询裁剪，进而讨论了协同缓存的一致性维护方案；实验表明，所提出的算法可以提高缓存数据命中率，减少查询响应时间，从而节省了带宽资源，减轻了数据库服务器的负担。
4.利用语义缓存进行近似查询的SQPID算法：重点解决断接查询问题。文中给出相关定义，描述构建综合相关语义缓存项的过程；从理论上分析证明了在满足缓存有效性的条件下，由综合相关语义缓存项导出的查询结果满足正确性的结论；分析了完备和不完备两种查询下近似结果的导出情况，进而给出SQPID算法的过程伪码以及算法的时间复杂度；实验表明，SQPID算法在处理断接查询时，判断相关语义缓存索引项条件简单，构建综合相关语义缓存步骤简洁，编程实现容易，算法性能良好。
5.移动终端的K近邻查询算法及其应用：文中给出道路网和分区内数据对象的存储结构，用网格对分区进行细分，信息存储为顶点列表、对象列表和边列表；详细描述了KNN查询算法的执行过程，对于终端提交的位置相关连续查询请求，利用缓存技术设计算法CQ-KNN能够支持连续位置相关查询，并给出缓存一致性维护策略；实验表明，CQ-KNN算法较MKNN算法有更快的CPU处理速度和网络响应延时，并且支持移动终端的离线近似查询。
Mobile computing is a combination of computing technology and wirelesscommunication technology. The core objective of mobile computing is shielding wirelesscommunication and mobile environments, then let computers or other smart terminalsachieve resource access and resource share. Now, in mobile computing environment,however, there are many unsolved problems so far, such as weak connection, limited energy,hand-off and limited wireless bandwidth etc. So the methods used in conventional distributedsystems and wired systems are not appropriate in mobile computing systems. The relatedresearch in mobile computing field is becoming the hot spot and focus in current computerscience research.
In this thesis, we study semantic cache technology for mobile computing environments,including semantic cache consistency maintenance, organization structure of cache invalidreport, cooperative semantic cache mechanism, mobile agent technology, approximate queryalgorithm during disconnection, KNN query in road networks, etc. We hope to providetheoretical references and technology roadmap for semantic cache by the research of theseproblems.
The main contents and contributions of this thesis are summarized as follows:
1. Research on semantic cache consistency judge and granularity clipping method.Firstly, the thought of using MSS to store mobile client’s semantic cache backups is proposed.And then the extended semantic cache structure SMC-Architecture, cache organizationstructure in MSS and mobile terminal, as well as the broadcast cache invalidate reportorganization structure are presented. Secondly, we consider three kinds of update operations,the procedure of each update from server is trimmed into tuple level and then the trimmedupdate sequences are stored into queue is discussed in detail. The results of simulationexperiments show that the proposed algorithm can reduce invalidation report size and savedata communication cost effectively.
2. A semantic cache maintenance scheme using mobile agent is proposed, which couldadapt to frequent mobility, hand-off network environments. The scheme based on SMC-Architecture, and we design two mobile agents: MSSAg and MTAg, running in MSS tomaintain cache consistency effectively and autonomously. The processing of maintain cacheconsistency using mobile agents is discussed in two cases: without hand-off and withhand-off. In this work we use random walking model to analysis and emulate the behavior ofmobile terminals. We also design the next cell location predict algorithm decision table,which could compute mobile terminal’s future location quickly. The results of simulationexperiments show that the proposed algorithm can reduce invalidation report size and savedata communication cost effectively. And the proposed cache consistency recovery methodkeeps small data communication cost and time cost which adapt to frequent mobility,hand-off and disconnect network environments.
3. A new approach to answer queries using cooperative semantic cache mechanism inmobile computing environments is proposed. Firstly, we analyzes and point out that bothcentralized and distributed CoopSC architectures don’t fully fit for mobile computingenvironment and cellular network. And then the cooperative semantic cache architecture ispresented. Secondly, procedure of cooperation is introduced in detail. Before sending aquery to original database server, mobile terminal will connect to MSS and ask for a queryresult cached by other mobile terminals that subsume or overlap the original query. Inadition, we discuss the methods used in cache consistence maintenance, which focus onconfirm receiver of the periodic cache invalidation report and the process of validate client’slocal cache. The results of simulation experiments show that cooperative semantic cachemethod could improve cache hit ratio, reduce network delay time, save bandwidth and shareserver burden in development.
4. A simple query processing algorithm SQPID based on semantic cache is proposed,which could reply queries in disconnection. Firstly, related definitions are given, and theprocedure of building integrated related semantic cache item is presented. The main idea ofSQPID is to build the integrated related semantic cache item about current query throughcombine and clip operations. Secondly, theoretic analysis proves that query result exportfrom integrated related semantic cache item is correct, when cache validity is satisfied.Thirdly, analyses the approximate result export procedure in two aspects: completeness queryand incompleteness query. In order to simplify the procedure, SQPID’s combine does not involve indirect relativity estimate, thus speed up the program of extracting query resultsfrom semantic cache during disconnection. Then the pseudo code of SQPID is presented, andthe time complexity is analyzed. The results of simulation experiments show that based onSQPID, query response time and degree of accuracy are better meet client’s requirementsthan QPID.
5. A novel mobile continuous KNN query algorithm (CQ-KNN) is proposed, which isapplied in road networks. Firstly, we design a structure to store cell data objects namedGrid-Object to describe road networks graph model, related information saved into vertex list,object list and edge list. Secondly, describe CQ-KNN query algorithm in detail. In order tosupport mobile terminals continuous query, using local cache memory strategy andfurthermore, cache consistent maintain procedure based server broadcast invalid locationreport is given. The results of simulation experiments show that KNN and CQ-KNNalgorithms can reduce CPU time and network response delay, also can support approximateK nearest neighbor query when the terminal off-line a period of time.
引文
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