一体化网络的一种移动切换机制的设计与实现
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摘要
现在的信息网络基本上都是一种网络支撑一种主要的服务,无法满足网络和服务的多样性需求。一体化网络是一种新的网络体系结构,它引入接入标识、交换路由标识及其分离映射机制,将身份与位置进行分离,为数据、语音、视频等业务提供一个一体化的网络通信平台,实现网络服务的一体化。另外,一体化网络还提供包括固定网络、移动网络、传感网络等的多元化接入。
本文主要研究一体化网络移动切换的方案设计及其实现。首先,本文分析了移动通信网络的移动切换和移动IPv4、移动IPv6网络的移动切换;其次,在对一体化网络体系进行深入分析的基础上,针对一体化网络移动性需求,提出一种适合于一体化网络的移动切换方案。该方案包括了移动性检测、认证和授权、映射关系更新三部分。第三,本文对给出的设计方案在Linux平台上进行了编程实现。在此实现方案中主要有以下特点:1)采用双关键字哈希链表的数据结构存储标识映射关系。2)使用netlink套接口实现外部交互接口,便于与其它服务进程的交互协同。3)采用统一的消息报文格式。第四,本文对一体化网络的移动切换方案进行了理论分析和实验测试。小规模实验平台上的测试结果表明:一体化网络的平均移动切换时延为28.8057ms,小于移动IPv6的切换时延,满足一体化网络实时通信的基本需求;另外,该一体化网络移动切换时所需的无线链路资源开销是移动IPv6无线链路资源开销的56%左右。最后,本文给出今后的一些改善方向。
本方案的成功实施,为一体化网络移动切换的方案设计、具体实现以及测试分析提供了一个实验平台,为后续工作的进行奠定了良好的基础。
Due to historical reasons, the original design of current information network is basically service-oriented, i.e., one kind of network mainly supports one kind of service, and it cannot meet with diverse requirements from network and service. The Universal Network has a new network architecture, which introduces Access Identifier (AID), Switch Route Identifier (SRID), and the separation and mapping of AID and SRID. The Universal Network separates the identifier and locator roles of the traditional IP address, and it provides a universal network platform for data、video and other network services. In addition, multiple types of access networks and terminals will be managed in a uniform way in the Universal Network.
In this work, we mainly address the problem how to design and implement the handoff management in the Universal Network. Firstly, we briefly introduce the handoff process in current mobile communication network, Mobile IPv4, and Mobile IPv6, respectively. Secondly, we design a novel handoff scheme in the Universal Network. The entire handoff process in the Universal Network can be divided into three processes: mobility detection, re-authentication and authorization, and location update. Thirdly, we implement the handoff scheme in Linux. The traits of the implementation are shown as follows: 1) it introduces a two-key hash table to store the mapping of AID and SRID; 2) it adopts the netlink socket to implement the interface between the user space and kernel; 3) the message packets have a uniform format. Fourthly, we analyze and test the program in our prototype. The experimental results show that average handoff latency in the Universal Network is 28.8057ms, which is less than the handoff latency in Mobile IPv6. In addition, the wireless resource cost in the Universal Network is about 56% of that in Mobile IPv6. Finally, we summarize this work and list some future work.
This work provides a platform for testing and analyzing the handoff performance of Universal Network. And it builds a good foundation for other researches in the Universal Network.
本文主要研究一体化网络移动切换的方案设计及其实现。首先,本文分析了移动通信网络的移动切换和移动IPv4、移动IPv6网络的移动切换;其次,在对一体化网络体系进行深入分析的基础上,针对一体化网络移动性需求,提出一种适合于一体化网络的移动切换方案。该方案包括了移动性检测、认证和授权、映射关系更新三部分。第三,本文对给出的设计方案在Linux平台上进行了编程实现。在此实现方案中主要有以下特点:1)采用双关键字哈希链表的数据结构存储标识映射关系。2)使用netlink套接口实现外部交互接口,便于与其它服务进程的交互协同。3)采用统一的消息报文格式。第四,本文对一体化网络的移动切换方案进行了理论分析和实验测试。小规模实验平台上的测试结果表明:一体化网络的平均移动切换时延为28.8057ms,小于移动IPv6的切换时延,满足一体化网络实时通信的基本需求;另外,该一体化网络移动切换时所需的无线链路资源开销是移动IPv6无线链路资源开销的56%左右。最后,本文给出今后的一些改善方向。
本方案的成功实施,为一体化网络移动切换的方案设计、具体实现以及测试分析提供了一个实验平台,为后续工作的进行奠定了良好的基础。
Due to historical reasons, the original design of current information network is basically service-oriented, i.e., one kind of network mainly supports one kind of service, and it cannot meet with diverse requirements from network and service. The Universal Network has a new network architecture, which introduces Access Identifier (AID), Switch Route Identifier (SRID), and the separation and mapping of AID and SRID. The Universal Network separates the identifier and locator roles of the traditional IP address, and it provides a universal network platform for data、video and other network services. In addition, multiple types of access networks and terminals will be managed in a uniform way in the Universal Network.
In this work, we mainly address the problem how to design and implement the handoff management in the Universal Network. Firstly, we briefly introduce the handoff process in current mobile communication network, Mobile IPv4, and Mobile IPv6, respectively. Secondly, we design a novel handoff scheme in the Universal Network. The entire handoff process in the Universal Network can be divided into three processes: mobility detection, re-authentication and authorization, and location update. Thirdly, we implement the handoff scheme in Linux. The traits of the implementation are shown as follows: 1) it introduces a two-key hash table to store the mapping of AID and SRID; 2) it adopts the netlink socket to implement the interface between the user space and kernel; 3) the message packets have a uniform format. Fourthly, we analyze and test the program in our prototype. The experimental results show that average handoff latency in the Universal Network is 28.8057ms, which is less than the handoff latency in Mobile IPv6. In addition, the wireless resource cost in the Universal Network is about 56% of that in Mobile IPv6. Finally, we summarize this work and list some future work.
This work provides a platform for testing and analyzing the handoff performance of Universal Network. And it builds a good foundation for other researches in the Universal Network.
引文
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[4]C.Perkins.IP mobility support for IPv4[S].IETF RFC 3344,2002.
[5]D.B.Johnson,C.Perkins,J.Arkko.Mobility support in IPv6[S].IETF RFC 3775,2004.
[6]D.Meyer,L.Zhang.Report from the IAB workshop on routing and addressing[S].IETF draft-iab-raws-report-02,2007.
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[19]杨冬,周华春,张宏科.基于一体化网络的普适服务研究[J].电子学报,2007,35(4):607-613.
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[22]D.Tcha,S.Kang,G.Jin.Load analysis of the soft handoff scheme in a CDMA cellular system [J].IEEE Selected Areas in Communications,2001,19(6):1147-1152.
[23]C.Lee,R.Steele.Effect of soft and softer handoffs on CDMA system capacity[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,1998,47(3):830-841.
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[25]R.Droms.Dynamic host configuration protocol[S].IETF RFC 2231,1997.
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[28]H.Soliman,C.Castelluccia,K.El Malki,L.Bellier,Hierarchical mobile IPv6 mobility management(HMIPv6)[S].IETF RFC 4140,2005.
[29]P.McCann.Mobile IPv6 fast handovers for 802.11 networks[S].IETF RFC 4260,2005.
[30]K.Malki,H.Soliman.Fast handoffs in mobile IPv4[S].IETF draft-elmalki-mobileip-fast-handoffs-03,2000.
[31]R.Hsieh,Z.G.Zhou,A.Seneviratne.S-MIP:a seamless handoff architecture for mobile IP[A].Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies(INFOCOM 2003)[C],San Francisco,USA,2003.IEEE Computer Society,Washington,USA,2003:1774-1784.
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[33]T.Narten,E.Nordmark,W.Simpson.Neighbor discovery for IP version 6(IPv6)[S].IETF RFC 2461,1998.
[34]W.R.Stevens.UNIX网络编程[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1999.
[35]W.R.Stevens,S.A.Rago.Advanced programming in the UNIX environment[M].Addison Wesley Professional,2005.
[36]李善平.Linux内核2.4版源代码分析大全[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2002.
[37]W.R.Stevens著,范建华等译.TCP/IP详解[M].北京,机械工业出版社,1999.
[38]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1996.
[2]G.Manimaran.Internet infrastructure security[A].Proceedings of the 12~(th)Annual IEEE Symposium on High Performance Interconnects[C],California,USA.2004.IEEE Computer Society,Washington,USA.2004:109-118.
[3]S.Bradner.The end of end-to-end security[Internet security][J].IEEE Security & Privacy,2006.4(2):76-79.
[4]C.Perkins.IP mobility support for IPv4[S].IETF RFC 3344,2002.
[5]D.B.Johnson,C.Perkins,J.Arkko.Mobility support in IPv6[S].IETF RFC 3775,2004.
[6]D.Meyer,L.Zhang.Report from the IAB workshop on routing and addressing[S].IETF draft-iab-raws-report-02,2007.
[7]D.Farinacci,V.Fuller,D.Oran.Locator/ID separation protocol(LISP)[S].IETF draft-ffarinacci-lisp-00,2007.
[8]R.Moskowitz,P.Nikander.Host identity protocol(HIP)architecture[S].IETF RFC 4423,2006.
[9]P.Nikander,T.Henderson,C.Vogt,J.Arkko.End-host mobility and multihoming with host identity protocol[S].IETF RFC 5206,2008.
[10]100xl00 projects[EB/OL].http://100x100network.org/.
[11]21CN project[EB/OL].http://www.btglobalservices.com/business/global/news/2005/edition_1/21CN.html.
[12]GENI:global environment for network innovations[EB/OL].http://www.geni.net.
[13]GENI design principles[EB/OL].http://www.geni.net/documents.php.
[14]NewArch project:future-generation Internet architecture[EB/OL].http://www.isi.edu/newarch.
[15]FIND:future Internet network design[EB/OL].http://find.isi.edu.
[16]赵慧玲.NGN新进展[J].电信技术,2004,10:1-3.
[17]张宏科,苏伟.新网络体系基础研究--体化网络与普适服务[J].电子学报,2007,35(4):593-598.
[18]董平,秦雅娟,张宏科.支持普适服务的一体化网络研究[J].电子学报,2007,35(4):599-606.
[19]杨冬,周华春,张宏科.基于一体化网络的普适服务研究[J].电子学报,2007,35(4):607-613.
[20]郭梯云,邬国扬,李建东.移动通信[M].西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.
[21]Y.B.Lin,A.C.Pang.Comparing soft and hard handoffs[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2000,49(3):792-798.
[22]D.Tcha,S.Kang,G.Jin.Load analysis of the soft handoff scheme in a CDMA cellular system [J].IEEE Selected Areas in Communications,2001,19(6):1147-1152.
[23]C.Lee,R.Steele.Effect of soft and softer handoffs on CDMA system capacity[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,1998,47(3):830-841.
[24]N.Nasser,A.Hasswa,H.Hassanein.Handoffs in fourth generation heterogeneous networks[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2006,44(10):96-103.
[25]R.Droms.Dynamic host configuration protocol[S].IETF RFC 2231,1997.
[26]R.Droms,J.Bound,B.Volz,T.Lemon,C.Perkins,M.Carney.Dynamic host configuration protocol for IPv6(DHCPv6)[S].IETF RFC 3315,2003.
[27]C.Perkins,D.B.Johnson.Route optimisation in mobile IP[S].IETF draft-ietf-mobileip-optim-2,2001.
[28]H.Soliman,C.Castelluccia,K.El Malki,L.Bellier,Hierarchical mobile IPv6 mobility management(HMIPv6)[S].IETF RFC 4140,2005.
[29]P.McCann.Mobile IPv6 fast handovers for 802.11 networks[S].IETF RFC 4260,2005.
[30]K.Malki,H.Soliman.Fast handoffs in mobile IPv4[S].IETF draft-elmalki-mobileip-fast-handoffs-03,2000.
[31]R.Hsieh,Z.G.Zhou,A.Seneviratne.S-MIP:a seamless handoff architecture for mobile IP[A].Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies(INFOCOM 2003)[C],San Francisco,USA,2003.IEEE Computer Society,Washington,USA,2003:1774-1784.
[32]T.Janevski.Traffic analysis and design of wireless IP networks[M].Artech House,2003,ch.2and ch 5.
[33]T.Narten,E.Nordmark,W.Simpson.Neighbor discovery for IP version 6(IPv6)[S].IETF RFC 2461,1998.
[34]W.R.Stevens.UNIX网络编程[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1999.
[35]W.R.Stevens,S.A.Rago.Advanced programming in the UNIX environment[M].Addison Wesley Professional,2005.
[36]李善平.Linux内核2.4版源代码分析大全[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2002.
[37]W.R.Stevens著,范建华等译.TCP/IP详解[M].北京,机械工业出版社,1999.
[38]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1996.