香雪兰试管球茎的诱导及简化培养的研究
摘要
香雪兰,鸢尾科香雪兰属,是一种切花和盆栽花卉。由于花香宜人,花期较长,花色艳丽而在园艺花卉中占有重要的地位,在鲜切花市场中呈供不应求的趋势。种子繁殖和种球繁殖是香雪兰的两种传统繁殖方式。种子繁殖需要2-3年的时间才能培育出成熟的球茎。而球茎繁殖是营养繁殖方式的一种,容易感染病毒,随着储存和种植时间的延长,易出现衰老和退化现象,使香雪兰的品质下降。这两种方法都不适合香雪兰的大规模生产。相对于传统的繁殖方法来说,微繁殖技术是香雪兰大量繁殖的有效手段,但是移栽困难,成本高等问题使得香雪兰的组织培养还只是停留在实验室阶段,没有真正用于生产中。为了解决这些问题,我们进行了香雪兰试管球茎的诱导及简化培养的研究,取得的结果如下:
1香雪兰试管球茎的诱导
1)温度在香雪兰试管球茎诱导中起着关键的作用。低温(13℃)可以大大缩短香雪兰试管球茎的诱导时间;
2)一定浓度的活性炭有利于香雪兰试管球茎的诱导。活性炭的浓度为1.0 mg/L时,最适合球茎的生长,球茎的诱导率达57.69%;
3)在一定范围内,提高培养基蔗糖浓度能促进球茎形成,蔗糖浓度为75g/L时比较适合香雪兰球茎化培养,结球率为75.82%,平均球重达0.61g。
2香雪兰的简化培养
琼脂浓度为2g/L(即半液体培养)、普通白糖代替分析纯蔗糖、自来水代替蒸馏水,可以大大降低培养基的成本,且替代后对香雪兰的组织培养没有影响。经优化后,香雪兰培养基的成本降低了78.35%。
Freesia, a popular cut flower and flowering potted plant, belongs to the Iridaceae family, including iris. Fragrance, long vase-life and wide color range make freesia a versatile floriculture crop. In cut flower market, the supply of freesia is unable to meet the demand.
Seed and corm multiplications are routine methods for freesia. For seed propagation, the corms are harvested 3-4 years after the initial growth. Moreover, corms used for vegetative propagation are susceptible to disease, tissue senescence and degeneration, and the merits will be declined along with the process of storage and cultivation. These two methods limit the propagation of freesia. Adaptation of in vitro micropropagation technique for mass propagation has been shown to be viable alternative to traditional methods, but transplantation of test-tube plantlet is difficult, and high costs involved have prevented laboratories’large-scale application of such technology. To solve the problems, a study of test-tube corm Induction and low-cost micropropagation of freesia was put into practice, the conclusions were as follows:
1) The induction of test-tube corms for freesia:
Temperature is one of the most important factors in induction of test-tube corms. The corms could form earlier when cultured in the low temperature (13℃);
Within a certain range, active carbon can promote corms. AC 1.0 mg/L is the best one for the culture of corms,the induction rate is 57.69%;
Within a certain range,raising the concentration of sucrose could promote corms, 75g/L is the optimal concentration for corms. The induction rate and the average weight of corms was 75.82% and 0.61g, respectively.
2) The low-cost micropropagation of freesia
Our results showed that when degrading the concentration of agar to 2g/L, replacing sucrose with market sugar and double distilled water with tap water, the cost of N6 medium could be decreased considerably. Generally, no adverse effects were observed on the tissue culture of freesia. Up to 78.35% decrease in cost for micropropagation of freesia was achieved by using the low cost strategy.
1香雪兰试管球茎的诱导
1)温度在香雪兰试管球茎诱导中起着关键的作用。低温(13℃)可以大大缩短香雪兰试管球茎的诱导时间;
2)一定浓度的活性炭有利于香雪兰试管球茎的诱导。活性炭的浓度为1.0 mg/L时,最适合球茎的生长,球茎的诱导率达57.69%;
3)在一定范围内,提高培养基蔗糖浓度能促进球茎形成,蔗糖浓度为75g/L时比较适合香雪兰球茎化培养,结球率为75.82%,平均球重达0.61g。
2香雪兰的简化培养
琼脂浓度为2g/L(即半液体培养)、普通白糖代替分析纯蔗糖、自来水代替蒸馏水,可以大大降低培养基的成本,且替代后对香雪兰的组织培养没有影响。经优化后,香雪兰培养基的成本降低了78.35%。
Freesia, a popular cut flower and flowering potted plant, belongs to the Iridaceae family, including iris. Fragrance, long vase-life and wide color range make freesia a versatile floriculture crop. In cut flower market, the supply of freesia is unable to meet the demand.
Seed and corm multiplications are routine methods for freesia. For seed propagation, the corms are harvested 3-4 years after the initial growth. Moreover, corms used for vegetative propagation are susceptible to disease, tissue senescence and degeneration, and the merits will be declined along with the process of storage and cultivation. These two methods limit the propagation of freesia. Adaptation of in vitro micropropagation technique for mass propagation has been shown to be viable alternative to traditional methods, but transplantation of test-tube plantlet is difficult, and high costs involved have prevented laboratories’large-scale application of such technology. To solve the problems, a study of test-tube corm Induction and low-cost micropropagation of freesia was put into practice, the conclusions were as follows:
1) The induction of test-tube corms for freesia:
Temperature is one of the most important factors in induction of test-tube corms. The corms could form earlier when cultured in the low temperature (13℃);
Within a certain range, active carbon can promote corms. AC 1.0 mg/L is the best one for the culture of corms,the induction rate is 57.69%;
Within a certain range,raising the concentration of sucrose could promote corms, 75g/L is the optimal concentration for corms. The induction rate and the average weight of corms was 75.82% and 0.61g, respectively.
2) The low-cost micropropagation of freesia
Our results showed that when degrading the concentration of agar to 2g/L, replacing sucrose with market sugar and double distilled water with tap water, the cost of N6 medium could be decreased considerably. Generally, no adverse effects were observed on the tissue culture of freesia. Up to 78.35% decrease in cost for micropropagation of freesia was achieved by using the low cost strategy.
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