开关电源共模EMI抑制技术研究
摘要
随着电力电子技术的发展,开关电源的小型化、高频化成为趋势,其中各个部分工作时的电磁干扰问题也越来越严重,因此开关电源的电磁兼容性也越来越引起人们的重视。目前,软开关技术因其能减少开关损耗和提高效率,在开关电源中应用越来越广泛。本文的主要目的是针对开关电源中的电磁干扰进行分析,研究软开关技术对电磁干扰的影响,并且提出一种抑制共模干扰的滤波方法。
本文首先介绍了电磁兼容的定义、开关电源EMI的特点,论述了开关电源中EMI的研究现状。从电磁干扰的三要素出发,介绍了开关电源中电磁干扰的干扰源和干扰的耦合通路。分析了电感、电容、高频变压器等器件的高频特性,并介绍了线性阻抗稳定系统(LISN)的定义和作用。在了解了软开关基本概念的基础上,本文以全桥变换器为对象,介绍了移相全桥ZVS的工作原理,分析了它在实现过程中对共模干扰的影响,并在考虑IGBT寄生电容的情况下,对其共模干扰通道进行了分析。然后以UC3875为核心,设计了移相全桥ZVS的控制电路和主电路,实现了软开关。为了对共模干扰进行抑制,本文提出了一种新型的有源和无源相结合的EMI滤波器,即无源部分采用匹配网络法,将阻抗失配的影响降到最低;有源部分采用前馈控制,对共模电流进行补偿。
针对以上提出的问题,本文通过Saber软件对移相全桥ZVS进行了仿真,并和硬开关条件下的传导干扰进行了比较,得出了在高频段,ZVS的共模干扰小于硬开关,在较低频段改善不大,甚至更加严重,而差模干扰有较大衰减的结论。通过对混合滤波器进行仿真,取得了良好的滤波效果,和传统的无源EMI滤波器相比,在体积和重量上都有一定优势。
As the development of power electronics, the switching mode power supply(SMPS) becomes smaller and its working frequency is higher. Therefore, theelectromagnetic interference (EMI) in it is more serious when the components work.Therefore, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in SMPS is drawing moreattention than before. Recently, soft switch is widely implied for its reduction ofswitching losses and promotion of efficiency. The main objective of this paper is toanalysis the EMI in SMPS, research the influence of soft switch, and offer a filteringmethod to exhibit common mode EMI.
First, the definition of EMC was introduced, and then the characteristics of EMIin SMPS, and the research status of EMI in SMPS. Starting with three elements ofEMI, the interference sources and coupling paths were discussed. After the highfrequency models of inductor, capacitor and high frequency transformer were founded,the definition and function of line impedance stability network (LISN) wereintroduced. In second part, the definitions of soft switch were introduced, and theworking principle of full bridge zero voltage switch (FBZVS) was analysis. Then theCM coupling path in FBZVS was discussed when the parasitic capacitors of IGBTwere considered. Then, the control and main circuit of FBZVS was designed usingchip UC3875. In the last, to inhibit the CM EMI, this paper proposed a novel EMIfilter combining passive and active filters, in which matching network was introducedin passive filter to reduce the effects of impedance mismatch and feed forward controlwas used in active filter to compensate the CM noise.
FBZVS was simulated in Saber, and the conducted interference when full bridgecircuit was working at ZVS condition and hard switch condition were compared. TheCM noise of FBZVS was smaller than that of hard switch at high frequency, but inlow frequency is more or less than hard switch, and differential mode (DM) noise ismuch smaller. The hybrid EMI filer simulated results show that the inhibition to CMnoise is good. Compared with traditional passive EMI filter, it has much advantage insize and weight.
本文首先介绍了电磁兼容的定义、开关电源EMI的特点,论述了开关电源中EMI的研究现状。从电磁干扰的三要素出发,介绍了开关电源中电磁干扰的干扰源和干扰的耦合通路。分析了电感、电容、高频变压器等器件的高频特性,并介绍了线性阻抗稳定系统(LISN)的定义和作用。在了解了软开关基本概念的基础上,本文以全桥变换器为对象,介绍了移相全桥ZVS的工作原理,分析了它在实现过程中对共模干扰的影响,并在考虑IGBT寄生电容的情况下,对其共模干扰通道进行了分析。然后以UC3875为核心,设计了移相全桥ZVS的控制电路和主电路,实现了软开关。为了对共模干扰进行抑制,本文提出了一种新型的有源和无源相结合的EMI滤波器,即无源部分采用匹配网络法,将阻抗失配的影响降到最低;有源部分采用前馈控制,对共模电流进行补偿。
针对以上提出的问题,本文通过Saber软件对移相全桥ZVS进行了仿真,并和硬开关条件下的传导干扰进行了比较,得出了在高频段,ZVS的共模干扰小于硬开关,在较低频段改善不大,甚至更加严重,而差模干扰有较大衰减的结论。通过对混合滤波器进行仿真,取得了良好的滤波效果,和传统的无源EMI滤波器相比,在体积和重量上都有一定优势。
As the development of power electronics, the switching mode power supply(SMPS) becomes smaller and its working frequency is higher. Therefore, theelectromagnetic interference (EMI) in it is more serious when the components work.Therefore, the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in SMPS is drawing moreattention than before. Recently, soft switch is widely implied for its reduction ofswitching losses and promotion of efficiency. The main objective of this paper is toanalysis the EMI in SMPS, research the influence of soft switch, and offer a filteringmethod to exhibit common mode EMI.
First, the definition of EMC was introduced, and then the characteristics of EMIin SMPS, and the research status of EMI in SMPS. Starting with three elements ofEMI, the interference sources and coupling paths were discussed. After the highfrequency models of inductor, capacitor and high frequency transformer were founded,the definition and function of line impedance stability network (LISN) wereintroduced. In second part, the definitions of soft switch were introduced, and theworking principle of full bridge zero voltage switch (FBZVS) was analysis. Then theCM coupling path in FBZVS was discussed when the parasitic capacitors of IGBTwere considered. Then, the control and main circuit of FBZVS was designed usingchip UC3875. In the last, to inhibit the CM EMI, this paper proposed a novel EMIfilter combining passive and active filters, in which matching network was introducedin passive filter to reduce the effects of impedance mismatch and feed forward controlwas used in active filter to compensate the CM noise.
FBZVS was simulated in Saber, and the conducted interference when full bridgecircuit was working at ZVS condition and hard switch condition were compared. TheCM noise of FBZVS was smaller than that of hard switch at high frequency, but inlow frequency is more or less than hard switch, and differential mode (DM) noise ismuch smaller. The hybrid EMI filer simulated results show that the inhibition to CMnoise is good. Compared with traditional passive EMI filter, it has much advantage insize and weight.
引文
[1]钱照明,程肇基,电磁兼容设计基础及电磁干扰抑制技术,浙江:浙江大学出版社,2000.3~4
[2]王定华,赵家升,电磁兼容原理与设计,成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994.3~10
[3]高攸纲,电磁兼容总论,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001.3~5
[4]陈淑凤,马蔚宁,马晓庆,电磁兼容试验技术,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001.2~6
[5]李凯华,浅谈电磁干扰的危害,无线电,2001,1:49~50
[6]邹强,开关电源电磁干扰分析与研究:[硕士学位论文],西安;西北工业大学,2005
[7]钱照明,陈恒林,电力电子装置电磁兼容最新进展,电工技术学报,2007,22(7):1~2
[8]刘佳,全桥开关型变换器电磁干扰模型分析与研究:[硕士学位论文],南京;南京航空航天大学,2003
[9] Wu Xin,Pong M H,Lu Zhengyu, et al,Novel Boost PFC with low common-modeEMI: modeling and design,In: Proc.of IEEE APEC'00,2000:178~181
[10] Cochrane D,Chen D Y. Passive cancellation of common-mode noise in powerelectronic circuits, IEEE Trans. on PE,2003,18 (3):756~763
[11]袁义生,钱照明,功率变换器动态节点电位平衡共模EMI抑制技术,浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,37 (1):108~111
[12] Chung H,Hui S Y R,Tse K K. Reduction of power converter EMI emission usingsoft-switching technique,IEEE Trans. on EMC,1998,40 (3):282~288
[13] Shao J,Lin R L,Lee F C,et al,Characterization of EMI performance for hard andsoft-switched inverter,In: Proc.of IEEE APEC'00,2000:1009~1014
[14] Trzynadlowski A M,Blaabjerge F,Random pulse width modulation technique forconverter-fed drive system--a review,IEEE Trans. on IndustryApplication,1994,30 (5):1166~1174
[15]梁凯,熊腊森,姚高尚等,开关电源的电磁兼容性设计,电源技术应用,2007,10(2):18~22
[16]李书芳,高攸纲,现代通信电源中的电磁兼容问题研究,电子科技导报,1999,10:10~13,22
[17]裴雪军,PWM逆变器传导电磁干扰的研究:[博士学位论文],武汉;华中科技大学,2004
[18]刘德红,电力电子装置电磁干扰传播特性的研究:[博士学位论文],北京;清华大学,2002
[19]袁义生,钱照明,功率变换器电磁干扰的建模:[博士学位论文],杭州;浙江大学,2002
[20] DaiNing,Lee F C, Characterization and Analysis of Parasitic Parameters andTheir Effects in Power Electronics Circuit. IEEE PESC,1996,1370~1375
[21] Huibin Zhu, Jih-Sheng Lai, Allen R. Hefner,et al, Modeling-Based Examinationof Conducted EMI Emissions From Hard and Soft-Switching PWM Inverters, In:IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS, 2001,37(5):1383~1393
[22] Zhang D B,Chen D Y,Lee F C, An experimental comparison of conducted EMIemissions between a zero-voltage transition circuit and a hard switching circuit,In: Proc.of IEEE PESC'96,1996:1992~1997
[23]韩颖晖,高频开关电源电磁干扰分析与抑制研究:[硕士学位论文],兰州;兰州大学,2006
[24]刘胜利,高频开关电源实用新技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2007:304~323
[25]阮新波,严仰光,直流开关电源的软开关技术,北京:科学出版社,2000:192~205
[26]陈文洁,杨旭,王兆安,集成模块用有源电磁干扰滤波器的设计,中国电机工程学报,2005,25(24):51~55
[27] Wenjie Chen, Xu Yang, Zhaoan Wang, Systematic evaluation of hybrid activeEMI filter based on equivalent circuit model, In: Power Electronics SpecialistsConference, 2006:1~7
[28]杨志辉,韩泽耀,应用于开关电源的有源共模滤波器,安全与电磁兼容,2006,04:15~18
[29]舒艳萍,陈为,毛行奎,开关电源有源共模EMI滤波器研究及其应用,电力电子技术,2007,41(6):10~12
[30] Takahashi I., Ogata A., Kanazawa, H., Active EMI filter for switching noise ofhigh frequency inverters,In: Power Conversion Conference - Nagaoka 1997.,Proceedings of the,1997, 1(3-6):331 - 334
[31] Wenjie Chen, Xu Yang, Zhaoan Wang, An Active EMI Filtering Technique forImproving Passive Filter Low-Frequency Performance, In: IEEETRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY, 2006,48(1):172~177
[32] Thomas Farkas, Martin F. Schlecht, Viability of Active EM1 Filters for UtilityApplications, In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, 1994,9(3):328~337
[33] Marc T. Thompson,Martin F. Schlecht,High Power Laser Diode Driver Based onPower Converter Technology,In:IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWERELECTRONICS,1997,12(1):46~52
[34]马伟明,电力电子系统中的电磁兼容,武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,2000,240~251
[35] Wenjie Chen, Xu Yang, Zhaoan Wang, An Active EMI Filtering Technique forImproving Passive Filter Low-Frequency Performance, In: IEEETRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY,2006,48(1),172~177
[36] David C.Hamill,An Efficient Active Ripple Filter for Use in DC-DC Conversion,In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICSYSTEMS,1996,32(3):1077~1084
[37] Mingjuan Zhu, David J. Perreault, Vahe Caliskan, et al, Design and Evaluation ofFeedforward Active Ripple Filters, In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWERELECTRONICS, 2005,20(2):276~285
[2]王定华,赵家升,电磁兼容原理与设计,成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994.3~10
[3]高攸纲,电磁兼容总论,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001.3~5
[4]陈淑凤,马蔚宁,马晓庆,电磁兼容试验技术,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001.2~6
[5]李凯华,浅谈电磁干扰的危害,无线电,2001,1:49~50
[6]邹强,开关电源电磁干扰分析与研究:[硕士学位论文],西安;西北工业大学,2005
[7]钱照明,陈恒林,电力电子装置电磁兼容最新进展,电工技术学报,2007,22(7):1~2
[8]刘佳,全桥开关型变换器电磁干扰模型分析与研究:[硕士学位论文],南京;南京航空航天大学,2003
[9] Wu Xin,Pong M H,Lu Zhengyu, et al,Novel Boost PFC with low common-modeEMI: modeling and design,In: Proc.of IEEE APEC'00,2000:178~181
[10] Cochrane D,Chen D Y. Passive cancellation of common-mode noise in powerelectronic circuits, IEEE Trans. on PE,2003,18 (3):756~763
[11]袁义生,钱照明,功率变换器动态节点电位平衡共模EMI抑制技术,浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,37 (1):108~111
[12] Chung H,Hui S Y R,Tse K K. Reduction of power converter EMI emission usingsoft-switching technique,IEEE Trans. on EMC,1998,40 (3):282~288
[13] Shao J,Lin R L,Lee F C,et al,Characterization of EMI performance for hard andsoft-switched inverter,In: Proc.of IEEE APEC'00,2000:1009~1014
[14] Trzynadlowski A M,Blaabjerge F,Random pulse width modulation technique forconverter-fed drive system--a review,IEEE Trans. on IndustryApplication,1994,30 (5):1166~1174
[15]梁凯,熊腊森,姚高尚等,开关电源的电磁兼容性设计,电源技术应用,2007,10(2):18~22
[16]李书芳,高攸纲,现代通信电源中的电磁兼容问题研究,电子科技导报,1999,10:10~13,22
[17]裴雪军,PWM逆变器传导电磁干扰的研究:[博士学位论文],武汉;华中科技大学,2004
[18]刘德红,电力电子装置电磁干扰传播特性的研究:[博士学位论文],北京;清华大学,2002
[19]袁义生,钱照明,功率变换器电磁干扰的建模:[博士学位论文],杭州;浙江大学,2002
[20] DaiNing,Lee F C, Characterization and Analysis of Parasitic Parameters andTheir Effects in Power Electronics Circuit. IEEE PESC,1996,1370~1375
[21] Huibin Zhu, Jih-Sheng Lai, Allen R. Hefner,et al, Modeling-Based Examinationof Conducted EMI Emissions From Hard and Soft-Switching PWM Inverters, In:IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS, 2001,37(5):1383~1393
[22] Zhang D B,Chen D Y,Lee F C, An experimental comparison of conducted EMIemissions between a zero-voltage transition circuit and a hard switching circuit,In: Proc.of IEEE PESC'96,1996:1992~1997
[23]韩颖晖,高频开关电源电磁干扰分析与抑制研究:[硕士学位论文],兰州;兰州大学,2006
[24]刘胜利,高频开关电源实用新技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2007:304~323
[25]阮新波,严仰光,直流开关电源的软开关技术,北京:科学出版社,2000:192~205
[26]陈文洁,杨旭,王兆安,集成模块用有源电磁干扰滤波器的设计,中国电机工程学报,2005,25(24):51~55
[27] Wenjie Chen, Xu Yang, Zhaoan Wang, Systematic evaluation of hybrid activeEMI filter based on equivalent circuit model, In: Power Electronics SpecialistsConference, 2006:1~7
[28]杨志辉,韩泽耀,应用于开关电源的有源共模滤波器,安全与电磁兼容,2006,04:15~18
[29]舒艳萍,陈为,毛行奎,开关电源有源共模EMI滤波器研究及其应用,电力电子技术,2007,41(6):10~12
[30] Takahashi I., Ogata A., Kanazawa, H., Active EMI filter for switching noise ofhigh frequency inverters,In: Power Conversion Conference - Nagaoka 1997.,Proceedings of the,1997, 1(3-6):331 - 334
[31] Wenjie Chen, Xu Yang, Zhaoan Wang, An Active EMI Filtering Technique forImproving Passive Filter Low-Frequency Performance, In: IEEETRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY, 2006,48(1):172~177
[32] Thomas Farkas, Martin F. Schlecht, Viability of Active EM1 Filters for UtilityApplications, In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, 1994,9(3):328~337
[33] Marc T. Thompson,Martin F. Schlecht,High Power Laser Diode Driver Based onPower Converter Technology,In:IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWERELECTRONICS,1997,12(1):46~52
[34]马伟明,电力电子系统中的电磁兼容,武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,2000,240~251
[35] Wenjie Chen, Xu Yang, Zhaoan Wang, An Active EMI Filtering Technique forImproving Passive Filter Low-Frequency Performance, In: IEEETRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY,2006,48(1),172~177
[36] David C.Hamill,An Efficient Active Ripple Filter for Use in DC-DC Conversion,In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICSYSTEMS,1996,32(3):1077~1084
[37] Mingjuan Zhu, David J. Perreault, Vahe Caliskan, et al, Design and Evaluation ofFeedforward Active Ripple Filters, In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWERELECTRONICS, 2005,20(2):276~285