移相控制PWM全桥软开关DC/DC变换器的设计与开发
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摘要
电力电子技术突飞猛进的发展,被视为人类社会的第二次电子革命。开关电源涉及电力电子、智能化IC、新电路技术等诸多技术领域,其中,软开关电力电子变换技术是近年来的一个热门课题。移相控制ZVS PWM DC/DC全桥变换器是变换器的一个研究热点,诸如高性能、高效率、低噪声、低污染等理论问题急需研究。
软开关是在硬开关主体电路上增加一些辅助器件来“软化”开关器件,使开关器件实现ZVS或ZCS。本文基于对基本移相控制ZVS PWMDC/DC变换器的电路结构、控制原理及开关转换模式等的分析,得到了开关器件实现零电压开关的条件和策略及副边占空比丢失的原因和解决方法;阐述了全桥变换器的滞后臂比超前臂更难实现ZVS的原因;指出了基本移相控制ZVS PWM DC-DC全桥变换器的不足。为了解决这些问题,对基本移相控制ZVS PWMDC/DC变换器的电路结构作了相应改进,通过严密的理论推导,在其超前臂加箝位二极管,滞后臂加辅助网络,从而设计了一款带辅助电路,使变换器获得良好的ZVS开关效果,并减少副边占空比丢失的移相控制PWM全桥软开关DC/DC变换器。
本文在上述分析的基础上,设计了一款48V/20A的软开关电源,并给出了基于ORCAD PSPICE 10.5软件的电路仿真结果。
本文还对控制电路、驱动电路、保护电路等进行了设计,采用PI调节器实现电压闭环控制,以提高电路的稳定性和精确度,最后得出了整机电路图,并完成了样机的开发。
Therapid development of power electronics is regarded as the second electronic revolution in the human society.Switch power supply is involved in power electronics,intelligent IC, new circuit technology and other technical fields,in which the technology of soft-switching power electronic transformation is a hot subject in recent years.Phase-shifted zero-voltageswitching PWMDC/DC full-bridge converter is a hot spot being researched on converters,a lot of the oretical problems are in urgent need of research,such as high-performance,high efficiency,low noise,low pollution and so on.
Soft-switching is a device that adds some auxiliary devices on the main circuit of the hard-switching to soften switching devices and achieves ZVS or ZCS.This paper bases on the analysis of the circuit,control principle and conversion mode of the switch of the basic phase-shifted control of ZVS PWM DC /DC full-bridge converter,analyzes the conditions and strategies for switching devices achieving zero-voltage-switching and the causes and solutions for both sides of duty cycle and loss; elaborates the reasons for the lagging leg of the full-bridge converter achieving ZVS harder than the leading leg;The basic PS ZVS PWMDC/DC FB converter has some disadvantages.In order to solve these problems,a corresponding improvement has been made for the circuit of the basic phase-shifted control of ZVS PWM DC/DC full-bridge converter,through strict theory inferential reasoning,increase the clamping diode on the leading leg,and increase the auxiliary circuit on the lagging leg,thus PS ZVS PWM DC/DC FB converter is designed,which has a belt-assisted circuit,so that the good switch effect of the ZVS converter can be gained and the loss of duty cycle of output voltage of secondary winding can be reduced.
On the basis of the above-mentioned analysis this paper designs a 48V/20A soft switching power supply,and gives a circuit simulation based on ORCAD PSPICE 10.5 software.
In the paper,control circuits,driver circuits,and protection circuits are designed.And PI regulator is used to realize voltage closed-loop control to enhance the stability and the Precision of the circuits,and the circuitry diagram is drawn and the prototype is developed finally.
软开关是在硬开关主体电路上增加一些辅助器件来“软化”开关器件,使开关器件实现ZVS或ZCS。本文基于对基本移相控制ZVS PWMDC/DC变换器的电路结构、控制原理及开关转换模式等的分析,得到了开关器件实现零电压开关的条件和策略及副边占空比丢失的原因和解决方法;阐述了全桥变换器的滞后臂比超前臂更难实现ZVS的原因;指出了基本移相控制ZVS PWM DC-DC全桥变换器的不足。为了解决这些问题,对基本移相控制ZVS PWMDC/DC变换器的电路结构作了相应改进,通过严密的理论推导,在其超前臂加箝位二极管,滞后臂加辅助网络,从而设计了一款带辅助电路,使变换器获得良好的ZVS开关效果,并减少副边占空比丢失的移相控制PWM全桥软开关DC/DC变换器。
本文在上述分析的基础上,设计了一款48V/20A的软开关电源,并给出了基于ORCAD PSPICE 10.5软件的电路仿真结果。
本文还对控制电路、驱动电路、保护电路等进行了设计,采用PI调节器实现电压闭环控制,以提高电路的稳定性和精确度,最后得出了整机电路图,并完成了样机的开发。
Therapid development of power electronics is regarded as the second electronic revolution in the human society.Switch power supply is involved in power electronics,intelligent IC, new circuit technology and other technical fields,in which the technology of soft-switching power electronic transformation is a hot subject in recent years.Phase-shifted zero-voltageswitching PWMDC/DC full-bridge converter is a hot spot being researched on converters,a lot of the oretical problems are in urgent need of research,such as high-performance,high efficiency,low noise,low pollution and so on.
Soft-switching is a device that adds some auxiliary devices on the main circuit of the hard-switching to soften switching devices and achieves ZVS or ZCS.This paper bases on the analysis of the circuit,control principle and conversion mode of the switch of the basic phase-shifted control of ZVS PWM DC /DC full-bridge converter,analyzes the conditions and strategies for switching devices achieving zero-voltage-switching and the causes and solutions for both sides of duty cycle and loss; elaborates the reasons for the lagging leg of the full-bridge converter achieving ZVS harder than the leading leg;The basic PS ZVS PWMDC/DC FB converter has some disadvantages.In order to solve these problems,a corresponding improvement has been made for the circuit of the basic phase-shifted control of ZVS PWM DC/DC full-bridge converter,through strict theory inferential reasoning,increase the clamping diode on the leading leg,and increase the auxiliary circuit on the lagging leg,thus PS ZVS PWM DC/DC FB converter is designed,which has a belt-assisted circuit,so that the good switch effect of the ZVS converter can be gained and the loss of duty cycle of output voltage of secondary winding can be reduced.
On the basis of the above-mentioned analysis this paper designs a 48V/20A soft switching power supply,and gives a circuit simulation based on ORCAD PSPICE 10.5 software.
In the paper,control circuits,driver circuits,and protection circuits are designed.And PI regulator is used to realize voltage closed-loop control to enhance the stability and the Precision of the circuits,and the circuitry diagram is drawn and the prototype is developed finally.
引文
[1]张占松,蔡宣三,开关电源的原理与设计,[M],北京:电子工业出版社,1999:3-10
[2]李宏,浅谈面向21世纪的电力电子技术,[J],电力电子技术,2001(4):57-60
[3]王聪,软开关功率变换器及其应用,[M],北京:科学出版社,2000:7-13
[4]阮新波,严仰光,直流开关电源的软开关技术,[M],北京:科学出版社,2000:58-72
[5]张方华,严仰光,一族正反激组合式双向DC-DC变换器[J],中国电机工程学报,2004(5):157-162
[6]阮新波,脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术,[M],北京:科学出版社,1999:89-102
[7]Denizar Cruz Martins,Fernando C.Castaldo.Application of the ZVS-PWM Commutation Cell to a Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter[M].IEEE Trans CAS-I,1999,46(3):379-388
[8]Eun-Soo Kim,Kee-Yeon Joe,Moon-Ho Kye,et al.An ImprovedSoft-Switching PWM FB DC/DC Converter for Reducing Conduction Losses[M].IEEE Trans PE,1999,14(2):258-263
[9]蔡宣三,龚绍文,高频功率电子学,[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:250-281
[10]cho I.G.IGBT based Zero Voltage Transition Full Bridge PWM Converter for High Power Applications[M].IEE Proc.Eleetr.Power Appl,1996,143(6):475-480
[11]Satoshi Hamada.Analysis and Design of a Saturable Reactor Assisted Soft-Switching Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter[M].IEEE Trans PE,1994,9(3):309-317
[12]S.Hamade,M.Nakaoka.Analysis and design of a saturable reactor assisted soft-switch eonverter[M].IEEE Trans PE,1994,9(3) 309-317
[13]S.Hamada,Y.Ogino,M.Nakaoka.Satunable reactor assisted soft-switching PWM full-bridge de-dc power converters[M].IEE Proceedings-B,1991,138(2) 95-103
[14]Guiehao Hua,Ching-Shan Leu,Yimin Jiang,et al.Noval Zero-Voltage-Transition PWM Converters[J].IEE Trans PE,1994,9(2) 213-219
[15]J.A.Sabate,V.Vlatkovie,"Design Considerations for High-voltage High-power Full-bridge Zero-voltage-switched PWM Converter",[J].APEC '90,1990:275-284
[16]李爱文,现代通信基础开关电源的原理和设计,[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[17]侯振义,直流开关电源技术及应用,[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006(4):94-102
[18]王增福,魏永明,软开关电源原理与应用,[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006(4):192-211
[19]刘胜利,高频开关电源实用新技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:324-350
[20]胡晓光,蔡惟净,一种新型ZVZCS全桥PWM变换器,[J].电工技术杂志,2002(7):4-6
[21]郑槐,徐守伟,移相控制全桥ZVS-PWM变换器及其控制电路的分析和设计,[J]现代电子,1999(3):40一45
[22]刘胜利,现代高频开关电源实用技术,[M].电子工业出版社,2001.9
[23]R.Redl,N.O.Sokal,et al."A novel soft switching full bridge DC/DC converter:Analysis,design considerations and experimental results at 1.5KW,100UHz"[J].IEEE PESC90,1990:162-172
[24]R.REDL,L.Balogh,and D.W.Edwards,"Switch transitions in the soft-switching full-bridge pwm phase-shift dc/dc converter:analysis and improvements"[J],Proceedings of INTELEC'93,1993:350-357
[25]O.D.Patterson,and D.M.Divan,"Pseudo-resonant full-bridge dc/dc converter",[M].IEEE-PES,1987:424-430
[26]L.Z.Zhu,and Z.D.Fang,"Constant frequency full-bridge ZVSDC/DCconverter with adding LC resonant link",[J].Proceedings of Chinese-Japanese Power Electronics Conference,1992:17-25
[27]Dong-Yun Lee;Byoung-Kuk Lee:Dong-Seok Hyun "h novel full-bridge zero-voltage-transition PWM DC/DC converter with zero-voltage/zero-current switching of the auxiliary switches",[M].PESC 1998:P961-966
[28]姜桂宾,谢力华,苏彦民,次级箝位的FB-ZVZCS-PWM电路研究,[J].电力电子技术,2000(1):1-3
[29]王海龙,李培明,艾兴阁,新型ZVZCS大功率开关电源,[J].铁道通信信号,2000(10):10-12
[30]Cho,J.G.;Sabate,J.A.;Lee,F.C."Novel full bridge zero-voltage-transition PWM DC/DC converter for high power applications" APEC '94.[M].Conference Proceedings 1994.Ninth Annual,1994:143-149
[31]王建冈,改进型倍流整流电路ZVS PWM全桥变换器的研究,[D].南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2000.9
[32]赵修科,开关电源中磁性元器件,[D]南京航空航天大学,2004.8
[33]郑国青,华伟,新型移相PWM控制器UCC3895的应用[C].电子产品世界,2002(4)
[34]毛兴武,吴连富,高洪民,先进的BiCMOS移相式PWM控制器UCC3895[J].通信电源技术,2000(6)
[35]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安,开关电源技术[M].机械工业出版社,2004(3)
[36]杜贵平,石黄生,王振民,大功率逆变电源峰值电流控制模式的研究,[J].电力电子技术,2002(2)
[37]郑国青,华伟,新型移相PWM控制器UCC3895的应用,[J]电子产品世界,2002.4
[38]毛兴武,吴连富,高洪民,先进的BiCMOS移相式PWM控制器UCC3895,[J].通信电源技术,2000.6
[39]李远波,黄石生等,大功率弧焊逆变器峰值电流控制电路设计[J].电焊机,2003(9)
[40]高原,邱新芸,汪晋宽,峰值电流控制开关电源斜坡补偿的研究[J].仪器仪表学报第24卷第4期增刊,2003(4)
[41]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安,开关电源技术,[M]机械工业出版社,2004.3
[42]Hirofumi Matsuo,Regulation Characteristics of the DC-DCConverter with Digital Current-Injected Control Circuit[J].1992 IEEE Telecomunications Energy Conference,1992:452-462
[43]Hirofumi Matsuo,Design Oriented Analysis of the Digital Controlled DC-DC Converter[J].2000 IEEE PESC 2000:401-407
[44]李伟东,大功率全桥移相软开关电源的研究,[D].西南交通大学,2004.3:45-48
[45]王一铧,基于单片机控制新型逆变稳压电源的设计与仿真,[D].福州大学,2005.1:39-40
[46]余晓光,宽负载范围ZVS全桥变换器研究,[D].浙江大学,2002.3:10-14
[47]方如举,一种新型双向DCDC变换器的研究,[D].合肥工业大学,2006.4:6-9
[48]龙永涛,移相控制ZVS PWM DC_DC全桥变换器软开关技术及应用[D].湖南大学,2002.6:20-22
[2]李宏,浅谈面向21世纪的电力电子技术,[J],电力电子技术,2001(4):57-60
[3]王聪,软开关功率变换器及其应用,[M],北京:科学出版社,2000:7-13
[4]阮新波,严仰光,直流开关电源的软开关技术,[M],北京:科学出版社,2000:58-72
[5]张方华,严仰光,一族正反激组合式双向DC-DC变换器[J],中国电机工程学报,2004(5):157-162
[6]阮新波,脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术,[M],北京:科学出版社,1999:89-102
[7]Denizar Cruz Martins,Fernando C.Castaldo.Application of the ZVS-PWM Commutation Cell to a Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter[M].IEEE Trans CAS-I,1999,46(3):379-388
[8]Eun-Soo Kim,Kee-Yeon Joe,Moon-Ho Kye,et al.An ImprovedSoft-Switching PWM FB DC/DC Converter for Reducing Conduction Losses[M].IEEE Trans PE,1999,14(2):258-263
[9]蔡宣三,龚绍文,高频功率电子学,[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:250-281
[10]cho I.G.IGBT based Zero Voltage Transition Full Bridge PWM Converter for High Power Applications[M].IEE Proc.Eleetr.Power Appl,1996,143(6):475-480
[11]Satoshi Hamada.Analysis and Design of a Saturable Reactor Assisted Soft-Switching Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter[M].IEEE Trans PE,1994,9(3):309-317
[12]S.Hamade,M.Nakaoka.Analysis and design of a saturable reactor assisted soft-switch eonverter[M].IEEE Trans PE,1994,9(3) 309-317
[13]S.Hamada,Y.Ogino,M.Nakaoka.Satunable reactor assisted soft-switching PWM full-bridge de-dc power converters[M].IEE Proceedings-B,1991,138(2) 95-103
[14]Guiehao Hua,Ching-Shan Leu,Yimin Jiang,et al.Noval Zero-Voltage-Transition PWM Converters[J].IEE Trans PE,1994,9(2) 213-219
[15]J.A.Sabate,V.Vlatkovie,"Design Considerations for High-voltage High-power Full-bridge Zero-voltage-switched PWM Converter",[J].APEC '90,1990:275-284
[16]李爱文,现代通信基础开关电源的原理和设计,[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[17]侯振义,直流开关电源技术及应用,[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006(4):94-102
[18]王增福,魏永明,软开关电源原理与应用,[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006(4):192-211
[19]刘胜利,高频开关电源实用新技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:324-350
[20]胡晓光,蔡惟净,一种新型ZVZCS全桥PWM变换器,[J].电工技术杂志,2002(7):4-6
[21]郑槐,徐守伟,移相控制全桥ZVS-PWM变换器及其控制电路的分析和设计,[J]现代电子,1999(3):40一45
[22]刘胜利,现代高频开关电源实用技术,[M].电子工业出版社,2001.9
[23]R.Redl,N.O.Sokal,et al."A novel soft switching full bridge DC/DC converter:Analysis,design considerations and experimental results at 1.5KW,100UHz"[J].IEEE PESC90,1990:162-172
[24]R.REDL,L.Balogh,and D.W.Edwards,"Switch transitions in the soft-switching full-bridge pwm phase-shift dc/dc converter:analysis and improvements"[J],Proceedings of INTELEC'93,1993:350-357
[25]O.D.Patterson,and D.M.Divan,"Pseudo-resonant full-bridge dc/dc converter",[M].IEEE-PES,1987:424-430
[26]L.Z.Zhu,and Z.D.Fang,"Constant frequency full-bridge ZVSDC/DCconverter with adding LC resonant link",[J].Proceedings of Chinese-Japanese Power Electronics Conference,1992:17-25
[27]Dong-Yun Lee;Byoung-Kuk Lee:Dong-Seok Hyun "h novel full-bridge zero-voltage-transition PWM DC/DC converter with zero-voltage/zero-current switching of the auxiliary switches",[M].PESC 1998:P961-966
[28]姜桂宾,谢力华,苏彦民,次级箝位的FB-ZVZCS-PWM电路研究,[J].电力电子技术,2000(1):1-3
[29]王海龙,李培明,艾兴阁,新型ZVZCS大功率开关电源,[J].铁道通信信号,2000(10):10-12
[30]Cho,J.G.;Sabate,J.A.;Lee,F.C."Novel full bridge zero-voltage-transition PWM DC/DC converter for high power applications" APEC '94.[M].Conference Proceedings 1994.Ninth Annual,1994:143-149
[31]王建冈,改进型倍流整流电路ZVS PWM全桥变换器的研究,[D].南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2000.9
[32]赵修科,开关电源中磁性元器件,[D]南京航空航天大学,2004.8
[33]郑国青,华伟,新型移相PWM控制器UCC3895的应用[C].电子产品世界,2002(4)
[34]毛兴武,吴连富,高洪民,先进的BiCMOS移相式PWM控制器UCC3895[J].通信电源技术,2000(6)
[35]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安,开关电源技术[M].机械工业出版社,2004(3)
[36]杜贵平,石黄生,王振民,大功率逆变电源峰值电流控制模式的研究,[J].电力电子技术,2002(2)
[37]郑国青,华伟,新型移相PWM控制器UCC3895的应用,[J]电子产品世界,2002.4
[38]毛兴武,吴连富,高洪民,先进的BiCMOS移相式PWM控制器UCC3895,[J].通信电源技术,2000.6
[39]李远波,黄石生等,大功率弧焊逆变器峰值电流控制电路设计[J].电焊机,2003(9)
[40]高原,邱新芸,汪晋宽,峰值电流控制开关电源斜坡补偿的研究[J].仪器仪表学报第24卷第4期增刊,2003(4)
[41]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安,开关电源技术,[M]机械工业出版社,2004.3
[42]Hirofumi Matsuo,Regulation Characteristics of the DC-DCConverter with Digital Current-Injected Control Circuit[J].1992 IEEE Telecomunications Energy Conference,1992:452-462
[43]Hirofumi Matsuo,Design Oriented Analysis of the Digital Controlled DC-DC Converter[J].2000 IEEE PESC 2000:401-407
[44]李伟东,大功率全桥移相软开关电源的研究,[D].西南交通大学,2004.3:45-48
[45]王一铧,基于单片机控制新型逆变稳压电源的设计与仿真,[D].福州大学,2005.1:39-40
[46]余晓光,宽负载范围ZVS全桥变换器研究,[D].浙江大学,2002.3:10-14
[47]方如举,一种新型双向DCDC变换器的研究,[D].合肥工业大学,2006.4:6-9
[48]龙永涛,移相控制ZVS PWM DC_DC全桥变换器软开关技术及应用[D].湖南大学,2002.6:20-22