数字化中频逆变器动态特性及其高频化研究
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摘要
本文以400Hz单相逆变器为研究对象,从控制方法和电路结构两个大的方面对其进行了论述。对于传统电压型逆变器,本文从控制的角度出发,针对重复控制算法动态性能较差的问题,讨论了各种复合控制对输出电压的调节能力;对于采用高频链技术的中频逆变器,在电路结构不变的条件下,讨论了三种控制策略来实现其恒压恒频的输出。
首先,对于传统的PWM逆变器,建立了它的连续和离散时间状态控制模型,采用基于逆变器实测频率特性的模型参数确定方法。使用MATLAB建立了逆变器的仿真模型,分析了死区效应、直流偏磁、输出阻抗和过调制对单相逆变器输出电压的影响。
然后,本文对重复控制进行了理论分析,结合其典型的控制系统结构讨论了稳定性、误差收敛速度、稳态误差;之后详细介绍了中频逆变器重复控制器的设计方法,并给出实例;考虑到单相逆变器重复控制算法抗扰动能力的不足,经过多种复合控制方法的比较,本文选用带积分环节的状态反馈控制,采用观测器超前预测补偿数字滞后一拍控制,给出了状态观测器的原理和实现方法。
由于传统电压型逆变器在重量体积上存在的缺点,本文对高频链逆变器的实现问题做了分析和讨论,阐述了三种常见高频逆变器控制策略方案,其中单极性移相全桥高频链控制方法可实现变压器前端开关管和周波变换器的ZVS开关,通过周波变换器的换流重叠可解决变压器漏感和滤波电感电流的自然换流。是实现逆变电源高频化的一个较好的方向。最后,通过仿真实验验证了基于单极性移相控制方法的可行性。
Traditional inverter and high-frequency-link inverter are researched based on 400Hz single phase inverter. For traditional inverter, it produces very poor response with sudden load change when repetitive control algorithm is used, so several compounded control methods are employed to improve its dynamic characteristic. For HLF inverter, three control strategy are discussed to realize the CVCF inverter output with the same main circuit topological structure.
Based on the state-space averaging and linearization technique ,the continuous and discrete models of single-phase inverter are established with the load current treated as a disturbance. A simulation model is established with MATLAB software and the influence of dead-time, flux imbalance and output impedance in single-phase full-bridge inverters is analyzed.
A comprehensive theoretic analyze is carried out on repetitive control system .System stability, error convergence and steady-state error are discussed. Then design method of repetitive control system and example are given out. To improve the dynamics of the inverter, the state feedback pole assignment control is used. The integral control is added in the pole assignment to eliminate the error caused by the sudden change of the load .State observer is used to compensate one-step-delay control .This paper shows the principle and realization of the state observer.
In view of HFL inverter, three control strategies are introduced in this paper. Compared with the others, the uni-polarity phase-shifted controlled converters have better performance. It realizes soft commutation of shift-phase bridge and cycloconverter, so it`s a good research direction of HFL inverter .In the end, simulation results prove that the proposed control strategy can realize the good output voltage.
首先,对于传统的PWM逆变器,建立了它的连续和离散时间状态控制模型,采用基于逆变器实测频率特性的模型参数确定方法。使用MATLAB建立了逆变器的仿真模型,分析了死区效应、直流偏磁、输出阻抗和过调制对单相逆变器输出电压的影响。
然后,本文对重复控制进行了理论分析,结合其典型的控制系统结构讨论了稳定性、误差收敛速度、稳态误差;之后详细介绍了中频逆变器重复控制器的设计方法,并给出实例;考虑到单相逆变器重复控制算法抗扰动能力的不足,经过多种复合控制方法的比较,本文选用带积分环节的状态反馈控制,采用观测器超前预测补偿数字滞后一拍控制,给出了状态观测器的原理和实现方法。
由于传统电压型逆变器在重量体积上存在的缺点,本文对高频链逆变器的实现问题做了分析和讨论,阐述了三种常见高频逆变器控制策略方案,其中单极性移相全桥高频链控制方法可实现变压器前端开关管和周波变换器的ZVS开关,通过周波变换器的换流重叠可解决变压器漏感和滤波电感电流的自然换流。是实现逆变电源高频化的一个较好的方向。最后,通过仿真实验验证了基于单极性移相控制方法的可行性。
Traditional inverter and high-frequency-link inverter are researched based on 400Hz single phase inverter. For traditional inverter, it produces very poor response with sudden load change when repetitive control algorithm is used, so several compounded control methods are employed to improve its dynamic characteristic. For HLF inverter, three control strategy are discussed to realize the CVCF inverter output with the same main circuit topological structure.
Based on the state-space averaging and linearization technique ,the continuous and discrete models of single-phase inverter are established with the load current treated as a disturbance. A simulation model is established with MATLAB software and the influence of dead-time, flux imbalance and output impedance in single-phase full-bridge inverters is analyzed.
A comprehensive theoretic analyze is carried out on repetitive control system .System stability, error convergence and steady-state error are discussed. Then design method of repetitive control system and example are given out. To improve the dynamics of the inverter, the state feedback pole assignment control is used. The integral control is added in the pole assignment to eliminate the error caused by the sudden change of the load .State observer is used to compensate one-step-delay control .This paper shows the principle and realization of the state observer.
In view of HFL inverter, three control strategies are introduced in this paper. Compared with the others, the uni-polarity phase-shifted controlled converters have better performance. It realizes soft commutation of shift-phase bridge and cycloconverter, so it`s a good research direction of HFL inverter .In the end, simulation results prove that the proposed control strategy can realize the good output voltage.
引文
[1]陈坚.电力电子学—电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[2]林渭勋.电力电子技术基础.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[3]张立,赵永健.现代电力电子技术—器件、电路及应用.北京:科学出版社,1992.
[4] B. K.博斯.电力电子学与变频传动.姜建国译.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.
[5] BIMAL K. Bose. Power Electronics-An Emerging Technology. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron ., 1989,36(3):403~412
[6]谢力华,苏彦民.正弦波逆变电源的数字控制技术.电力电子技术,2001, 6(9): 52~60
[7]高军,黎辉,杨旭等. UPS逆变器数字化控制技术.电工技术杂志,2001, 12(4): 6~9
[8] C.Hwang,T.J.Liang,J.W.Chen. Neural networks controlled PWM inverter. IEEE -INTELEC,1997,201~206
[9] Polo Mattavelli,Leopoldo Rossetto,Giorgio Spiazzi et al. General Purpose Fuzzy Controller for DC-DC Converters. IEEE Trans. On Power Electron.,1997,121(10):79~86
[10] Wing Chi So,Chi K. Tse,Yim Shu Lee. Development of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for DC/DC Converters:Design , Computer Simulation , and Experimental Evaluation. IEEE Trans. On Power Electron,1996,11(1):24~32
[11] Cassiano Rech,Hilton Abilio Grundling,Jose Renes Pinheiro. Comparison of Discrete Control Techniques for UPS Applications. in IEEE IAS Ann. Meet.,2000,2531~2537
[12]张凯.基于重复控制原理的CVCF-PWM逆变器波形控制技术研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2000.
[13] Simone Buso,Sandro Fasolo,Paolo Mattavelli. Uninterruptible Power Supply Multiloop Control Employing Digital Predictive Voltage and Current Regulators. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.,2001,37(6):1846~1854
[14] C. Rech,H. Pinheiro,H. A. Grundling et al. Analysis and Design of a Repetitive Predictive-PID Controller for PWM Inverters. in IEEE PESC Conf. Rec.,2001,986~991
[15]李俊林,熊健,张凯等.一种逆变器多环控制技术.电力电子技术,2004,38(7):30~32
[16] TOSHIMASA HANEYOSHI , ATSUO KAWAMURA , RICHARD G. HOFT. Waveform Compensation of PWM Inverter with Cyclic Fluctuating Loads. IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,1988,24(4):582~589
[17] ATSUO KAWAMURA,RICHARD HOFT. Instantaneous Feedback Controlled PWM Inverter with Adaptive Hysteresis. IEEE Trans.Ind Appl,1984,20(4):769~775
[18]孟永庆.基于高频链技术的25Hz逆变电源的研制:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学图书馆,2002.
[19]沙德亮.双向电压型高频链逆变器的数字化控制策略研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院电工所,2005.
[20] Yamato I,Tokunaga N,Matsuda Y etal. High frequency link DC/AC converter for UPS with a new voltage clamper [J]. IEEE PESC,1990,79~756
[21] Xiangdong Lai,Baofang Wu. SPWPM DC-AC converter with high frequency link [C] . IPEMC,1997,316~319
[22] Ayyanar R,Mohan N. Novel soft-swifting dc-dc converter with full-range and reduced filter requirement [J]. IEEE Transactions on PE,2001,16(3):184~200
[23] P.M.Espelage,B.K.Bose. High-frequency Link Power Converter. IEEE Tron.on IA,1977,5(6):387~393
[24]黄敏超.高频链逆变技术的研究:[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学图书馆,1998.
[25]李磊.高频交流环节AC/AC变换器研究:[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学图书馆,2004.
[26]李剑.单相400Hz CVCF逆变器模糊-重复混合控制方案研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2002.
[27] YING-YU TZOU,SHIH-LIANG JUNG. Full Control of a PWM DC-AC Converter for AC voltage Regulation. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1998,347(4):1218~1226
[28]孔雪娟.数字控制PWM逆变电源关键技术研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2005.
[29] Nishida,Y.,Haneyoshi, T. Predictive instantaneous value controlled PWM inverter for UPS. PESC’92:776~783
[30] Heng Deng,Oruganti,R.,Srinivasan, D. PWM methods to handle time delay in digital control of a UPS inverter.Power Electronics Letters , IEEE. March 2005,3(11):1~6
[31] Tomoki Yokoyama,Atsuo Kawamura. Disturbance observer based fully digital controlled PWM inverter for CVCF operation .IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1994,9(5):20~25
[32]高金源.计算机控制系统.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.
[33]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第3版).北京:国防工业出版社,1994.
[34]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及其调速系统.北京:国防工业出版社,1989.
[35]孙朝晖,李剑,段善旭等.逆变器的逆传函及其在重复PD控制中的应用.电力电子技术,2003,37(2):72~74
[36]高军,黎辉,杨旭等.基于PID控制和重复控制的正弦波逆变电源研究.电工电能新技术,2002,21(4):1~4
[37]裴雪军,段善旭,康勇.基于重复控制和瞬时值反馈控制的逆变电源研究.电力电子技术,2002,36(1):12~14
[38] Jung Shih-Liang,Huang Hsiang-Sung. Digital multiple-loop control technique for PWM inverters used in uninterruptible power supplies[J].Proceedings of the National Science Council,Part A:Physical Science and Engineering 1997,21(5):485~492
[39]易德刚.数字化控制中频逆变器动态特性问题研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2006.
[40]张凯,彭力,熊健等.基于状态反馈与重复控制的逆变器控制技术.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):556~562
[41]邱灵,杨春利,林三宝等.基于移相全桥ZVS-PWM变极性焊接电源的设计.焊接学报,2006,7(1):65~68
[42]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[43] Jung-Goo Cho,Sabate, J.A.,Guichao Hua. Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full bridge PWM converter for high-power applications,Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on,1996,11(11):622~628
[44]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1998.
[45] Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan. An improved phase-shift zero-voltage and zero-current switching PWM converter,IEEE-APEC,1998,811~815
[46] Seong-Jeub Jeon,Gyu-Hyeong Cho. A Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full Bridge DC-DC Converter With Transformer Isolation. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics,2001,16(5):573~580
[47]张玉明,孙晓,孔力.全桥高频链逆变器的移相SPWM技术.电力电子技术,2003,37(2):69~72
[48]李磊,陈道炼.双极性移相控制高频脉冲交流环节逆变器研究.电工技术学报,2002,17(6):33~37
[49]沙德亮,孔力.高频链逆变器的全数字化混合SPWPM控制策略研究.电工技术学报,2005,7(8):57~62
[50]李磊,胡文斌,陈劲操等.两种移相控制全桥式高频环节逆变器比较研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(6):100~104
[51]段成刚,孟永庆,苏彦民等.具有高频链的25Hz逆变电源的设计.电工电能新技术,2002,21(4):64~67
[2]林渭勋.电力电子技术基础.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[3]张立,赵永健.现代电力电子技术—器件、电路及应用.北京:科学出版社,1992.
[4] B. K.博斯.电力电子学与变频传动.姜建国译.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.
[5] BIMAL K. Bose. Power Electronics-An Emerging Technology. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron ., 1989,36(3):403~412
[6]谢力华,苏彦民.正弦波逆变电源的数字控制技术.电力电子技术,2001, 6(9): 52~60
[7]高军,黎辉,杨旭等. UPS逆变器数字化控制技术.电工技术杂志,2001, 12(4): 6~9
[8] C.Hwang,T.J.Liang,J.W.Chen. Neural networks controlled PWM inverter. IEEE -INTELEC,1997,201~206
[9] Polo Mattavelli,Leopoldo Rossetto,Giorgio Spiazzi et al. General Purpose Fuzzy Controller for DC-DC Converters. IEEE Trans. On Power Electron.,1997,121(10):79~86
[10] Wing Chi So,Chi K. Tse,Yim Shu Lee. Development of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for DC/DC Converters:Design , Computer Simulation , and Experimental Evaluation. IEEE Trans. On Power Electron,1996,11(1):24~32
[11] Cassiano Rech,Hilton Abilio Grundling,Jose Renes Pinheiro. Comparison of Discrete Control Techniques for UPS Applications. in IEEE IAS Ann. Meet.,2000,2531~2537
[12]张凯.基于重复控制原理的CVCF-PWM逆变器波形控制技术研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2000.
[13] Simone Buso,Sandro Fasolo,Paolo Mattavelli. Uninterruptible Power Supply Multiloop Control Employing Digital Predictive Voltage and Current Regulators. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.,2001,37(6):1846~1854
[14] C. Rech,H. Pinheiro,H. A. Grundling et al. Analysis and Design of a Repetitive Predictive-PID Controller for PWM Inverters. in IEEE PESC Conf. Rec.,2001,986~991
[15]李俊林,熊健,张凯等.一种逆变器多环控制技术.电力电子技术,2004,38(7):30~32
[16] TOSHIMASA HANEYOSHI , ATSUO KAWAMURA , RICHARD G. HOFT. Waveform Compensation of PWM Inverter with Cyclic Fluctuating Loads. IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,1988,24(4):582~589
[17] ATSUO KAWAMURA,RICHARD HOFT. Instantaneous Feedback Controlled PWM Inverter with Adaptive Hysteresis. IEEE Trans.Ind Appl,1984,20(4):769~775
[18]孟永庆.基于高频链技术的25Hz逆变电源的研制:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学图书馆,2002.
[19]沙德亮.双向电压型高频链逆变器的数字化控制策略研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院电工所,2005.
[20] Yamato I,Tokunaga N,Matsuda Y etal. High frequency link DC/AC converter for UPS with a new voltage clamper [J]. IEEE PESC,1990,79~756
[21] Xiangdong Lai,Baofang Wu. SPWPM DC-AC converter with high frequency link [C] . IPEMC,1997,316~319
[22] Ayyanar R,Mohan N. Novel soft-swifting dc-dc converter with full-range and reduced filter requirement [J]. IEEE Transactions on PE,2001,16(3):184~200
[23] P.M.Espelage,B.K.Bose. High-frequency Link Power Converter. IEEE Tron.on IA,1977,5(6):387~393
[24]黄敏超.高频链逆变技术的研究:[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学图书馆,1998.
[25]李磊.高频交流环节AC/AC变换器研究:[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学图书馆,2004.
[26]李剑.单相400Hz CVCF逆变器模糊-重复混合控制方案研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2002.
[27] YING-YU TZOU,SHIH-LIANG JUNG. Full Control of a PWM DC-AC Converter for AC voltage Regulation. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1998,347(4):1218~1226
[28]孔雪娟.数字控制PWM逆变电源关键技术研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2005.
[29] Nishida,Y.,Haneyoshi, T. Predictive instantaneous value controlled PWM inverter for UPS. PESC’92:776~783
[30] Heng Deng,Oruganti,R.,Srinivasan, D. PWM methods to handle time delay in digital control of a UPS inverter.Power Electronics Letters , IEEE. March 2005,3(11):1~6
[31] Tomoki Yokoyama,Atsuo Kawamura. Disturbance observer based fully digital controlled PWM inverter for CVCF operation .IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1994,9(5):20~25
[32]高金源.计算机控制系统.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.
[33]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第3版).北京:国防工业出版社,1994.
[34]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及其调速系统.北京:国防工业出版社,1989.
[35]孙朝晖,李剑,段善旭等.逆变器的逆传函及其在重复PD控制中的应用.电力电子技术,2003,37(2):72~74
[36]高军,黎辉,杨旭等.基于PID控制和重复控制的正弦波逆变电源研究.电工电能新技术,2002,21(4):1~4
[37]裴雪军,段善旭,康勇.基于重复控制和瞬时值反馈控制的逆变电源研究.电力电子技术,2002,36(1):12~14
[38] Jung Shih-Liang,Huang Hsiang-Sung. Digital multiple-loop control technique for PWM inverters used in uninterruptible power supplies[J].Proceedings of the National Science Council,Part A:Physical Science and Engineering 1997,21(5):485~492
[39]易德刚.数字化控制中频逆变器动态特性问题研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2006.
[40]张凯,彭力,熊健等.基于状态反馈与重复控制的逆变器控制技术.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10):556~562
[41]邱灵,杨春利,林三宝等.基于移相全桥ZVS-PWM变极性焊接电源的设计.焊接学报,2006,7(1):65~68
[42]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[43] Jung-Goo Cho,Sabate, J.A.,Guichao Hua. Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full bridge PWM converter for high-power applications,Power Electronics,IEEE Transactions on,1996,11(11):622~628
[44]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1998.
[45] Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan. An improved phase-shift zero-voltage and zero-current switching PWM converter,IEEE-APEC,1998,811~815
[46] Seong-Jeub Jeon,Gyu-Hyeong Cho. A Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full Bridge DC-DC Converter With Transformer Isolation. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics,2001,16(5):573~580
[47]张玉明,孙晓,孔力.全桥高频链逆变器的移相SPWM技术.电力电子技术,2003,37(2):69~72
[48]李磊,陈道炼.双极性移相控制高频脉冲交流环节逆变器研究.电工技术学报,2002,17(6):33~37
[49]沙德亮,孔力.高频链逆变器的全数字化混合SPWPM控制策略研究.电工技术学报,2005,7(8):57~62
[50]李磊,胡文斌,陈劲操等.两种移相控制全桥式高频环节逆变器比较研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(6):100~104
[51]段成刚,孟永庆,苏彦民等.具有高频链的25Hz逆变电源的设计.电工电能新技术,2002,21(4):64~67