个旧超大型锡多金属矿床地球化学及成因
|
摘要
个旧锡多金属矿床位于云南省东南部,是一个驰名中外的超大型锡多金属矿床。本文在深入细致的野外地质工作基础上,对矿石进行了系统的显微鉴定,并对特征矿物做了电子探针定性、定量及面扫描分析,然后通过微量元素、稀土元素、同位素地球化学(Pb、S、He、Ar)对比研究,探讨了矿床的成矿物质来源、成矿流体来源,论证了个旧锡矿区经历了广泛且具有重要成矿意义的中三叠世热水沉积成矿作用和燕山晚期的花岗岩岩浆热液的叠加改造成矿作用。最后重新建立了矿床的成矿模式。论文取得的主要认识如下:
1. 中三叠世,个旧矿区处于特殊的沉积环境—陆裂谷系中的局限边缘海盆。
2. 中三叠世安尼期海底喷发的玄武岩,在时间、空间上与区内锡多金属矿床有着密切联系。该玄武岩源于富集成矿元素上地幔区,其地幔源区熔融前经历了交代富集作用。该富集作用对本区超大型锡多金属矿床的形成具有着重要意义。
3. “层间氧化矿”矿体的产状以及矿石类型隐含着同生沉积的信息。
4.矿石显微鉴定结果表明矿区曾发生热水沉积成矿作用,部分接触带矿体是燕山期花岗岩岩浆热液叠加、改造热水沉积矿体形成,在某些层间矿中,尤其是离花岗岩体较近的层间矿,存在后期岩浆热液叠加成矿作用。
5.锡在鲕状黄铁矿、胶状结构黄铁矿中的大量存在,表明海底喷流时携带了大量成矿元素,具有成矿的潜力,同时锡石包裹体的存在暗示着海底喷流时可形成锡(SnO_2)矿体。
6. 电气石细脉型锡矿与层间赤褐铁矿型锡矿的矿石及锡石单矿物稀土元素组成与花岗岩稀土对比研究,表明电气石细脉型矿体为花岗岩岩浆期后热液成因,而层间赤褐铁型应为热水沉积成因。层间矿块状硫化物中单矿物的稀土组成分析结果,表明部分层间矿存在热水沉积成矿作用,同时也存在花岗岩岩浆热液成矿作用,这与岩矿鉴定结果一致。层间矿围岩稀土和微量元素结果也表明部分围岩为热水沉积形成。
7.矿石铅、硫同位素地球化学特征表明部分铅和硫源于印支期的热水沉积作用,另有部分铅、硫源于燕山期花岗岩岩浆热液作用;氦、氩同位素地球化学资料反映出该矿床早期成矿流体中氦主源于地幔,为热水沉积成因,同时
The Gejiu Sn-polymetallic deposit (Yunnan, China) is renowned at home and abroad for being one of the super large Sn-polymetallic deposits in the world. Detailed studies on the regional geology and the local geology of the deposit have been carried out in this study. Systematic microscopic observation of the ores and the quantitative and qualitative electron-probe analysis of the ores and minerals have been done. Meanwhile, the contents of trace elements, rare earth elements and the Pb, S, He, Ar isotapic compositions of the ores and rocks have been analyzed. Based on these data, the sources of the ore-forming metals and fluids have been discussed. The results showed that the Gejiu Sn-polymetallic deposit mainly experienced extensive and important Mid-Triassic submarine exhalative hydrothermal mineralization and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal mineralization. Finally, a genetic model was proposed.1. During Middle Triassic, the Gejiu area was in a special sedimental environment, i.e. in a restricted marginal sea basin within the continental rift system.2. The basalt, erupted in Mid-Triassic, is closely related to the Gejiu tin polymetallic mineralization both in time and space. It might be derived from the upper mantle with enriched ore-forming elements through the metasomatism which played an important role on the formation of the Gejiu super large Sn-polymetallic deposit.3. The occurrences of the "interbedded oxide orebodies" and their ore types have shown some syngenetic sedimentary information.4. The systematic and detailed microscopic observation has revealed that the Gejiu tin deposit has initially undergone submarine exhalative mineralization. Some orebodies in the contact zone were developed through the strong rework of the initial submarine exhalative orebodies by the Yanshanian granitic hydrothermal fluids. Some of the interbeded orebodies have been partly reworked by the Yanshanian granite magmatic fluids.5. The abundant Sn enriched in oolitic pyrite and colloidal pyrite show that the exhalative hydrothermal activity brought large amount of Sn and other ore-forming elements for deposition. The existence of cassiterite (SnO2) inclusions in pyrite imply that the submarine exhalative mineralization has potential to form tin deposit.6. The characteristics of the rare earth elements of ores and cassiterite separates, which were selected from tourmaline vein type ores and interbeded hematite ores, indicate that the tourmaline vein type ores were formed through the mineralization of granite magmatic fluids, whereas the interbeded hematite ores were initially formed by submarine exhalative mineralization. The rare earth elements of the sulfide separates
1. 中三叠世,个旧矿区处于特殊的沉积环境—陆裂谷系中的局限边缘海盆。
2. 中三叠世安尼期海底喷发的玄武岩,在时间、空间上与区内锡多金属矿床有着密切联系。该玄武岩源于富集成矿元素上地幔区,其地幔源区熔融前经历了交代富集作用。该富集作用对本区超大型锡多金属矿床的形成具有着重要意义。
3. “层间氧化矿”矿体的产状以及矿石类型隐含着同生沉积的信息。
4.矿石显微鉴定结果表明矿区曾发生热水沉积成矿作用,部分接触带矿体是燕山期花岗岩岩浆热液叠加、改造热水沉积矿体形成,在某些层间矿中,尤其是离花岗岩体较近的层间矿,存在后期岩浆热液叠加成矿作用。
5.锡在鲕状黄铁矿、胶状结构黄铁矿中的大量存在,表明海底喷流时携带了大量成矿元素,具有成矿的潜力,同时锡石包裹体的存在暗示着海底喷流时可形成锡(SnO_2)矿体。
6. 电气石细脉型锡矿与层间赤褐铁矿型锡矿的矿石及锡石单矿物稀土元素组成与花岗岩稀土对比研究,表明电气石细脉型矿体为花岗岩岩浆期后热液成因,而层间赤褐铁型应为热水沉积成因。层间矿块状硫化物中单矿物的稀土组成分析结果,表明部分层间矿存在热水沉积成矿作用,同时也存在花岗岩岩浆热液成矿作用,这与岩矿鉴定结果一致。层间矿围岩稀土和微量元素结果也表明部分围岩为热水沉积形成。
7.矿石铅、硫同位素地球化学特征表明部分铅和硫源于印支期的热水沉积作用,另有部分铅、硫源于燕山期花岗岩岩浆热液作用;氦、氩同位素地球化学资料反映出该矿床早期成矿流体中氦主源于地幔,为热水沉积成因,同时
The Gejiu Sn-polymetallic deposit (Yunnan, China) is renowned at home and abroad for being one of the super large Sn-polymetallic deposits in the world. Detailed studies on the regional geology and the local geology of the deposit have been carried out in this study. Systematic microscopic observation of the ores and the quantitative and qualitative electron-probe analysis of the ores and minerals have been done. Meanwhile, the contents of trace elements, rare earth elements and the Pb, S, He, Ar isotapic compositions of the ores and rocks have been analyzed. Based on these data, the sources of the ore-forming metals and fluids have been discussed. The results showed that the Gejiu Sn-polymetallic deposit mainly experienced extensive and important Mid-Triassic submarine exhalative hydrothermal mineralization and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal mineralization. Finally, a genetic model was proposed.1. During Middle Triassic, the Gejiu area was in a special sedimental environment, i.e. in a restricted marginal sea basin within the continental rift system.2. The basalt, erupted in Mid-Triassic, is closely related to the Gejiu tin polymetallic mineralization both in time and space. It might be derived from the upper mantle with enriched ore-forming elements through the metasomatism which played an important role on the formation of the Gejiu super large Sn-polymetallic deposit.3. The occurrences of the "interbedded oxide orebodies" and their ore types have shown some syngenetic sedimentary information.4. The systematic and detailed microscopic observation has revealed that the Gejiu tin deposit has initially undergone submarine exhalative mineralization. Some orebodies in the contact zone were developed through the strong rework of the initial submarine exhalative orebodies by the Yanshanian granitic hydrothermal fluids. Some of the interbeded orebodies have been partly reworked by the Yanshanian granite magmatic fluids.5. The abundant Sn enriched in oolitic pyrite and colloidal pyrite show that the exhalative hydrothermal activity brought large amount of Sn and other ore-forming elements for deposition. The existence of cassiterite (SnO2) inclusions in pyrite imply that the submarine exhalative mineralization has potential to form tin deposit.6. The characteristics of the rare earth elements of ores and cassiterite separates, which were selected from tourmaline vein type ores and interbeded hematite ores, indicate that the tourmaline vein type ores were formed through the mineralization of granite magmatic fluids, whereas the interbeded hematite ores were initially formed by submarine exhalative mineralization. The rare earth elements of the sulfide separates
引文
1.陈好寿.我国层控多金属矿床的铅同位素特征及其矿床成因意义.科学通报,1981,(10):612-616.
2.陈吉琛,施琳.云南S型和Ⅰ型两类花岗岩划分对比的初步探讨.云南地质,1983,2(1)。
3.陈俊,周怀阳.华南含锡花岗岩的地质地球化学研究.南京大学学报,1988,(1):130-140.
4.陈先沛,高计元,陈多福.热水沉积作用的概念和几个岩石学标志.沉积学报,1992,10(3):124-132.
5.戴福盛,孙家骢,杨合荣.个旧锡矿西矿区地质.昆明:云南科技出版社,1990.
6.戴福盛.个旧矿区壳源重熔岩浆岩石系列特征、演化及成岩成矿作用.云南地质,1996,15(4):330-344.
7.党玉涛.加强找矿,增加资源,延长矿山寿命.矿产与地质,2000,14(3):178-181.
8.邓玉书.云南个旧锡矿和构造的关系.地质论评,1951,16(2):57-66.
9.冯贤仁.个旧含锡花岗岩付矿物类型、成因及其与矿化关系问题.云南地质,1982,1(2):129-133.
10.个旧花岗岩的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学演化特征.地球化学,1987(3):249-259.
11.顾雪祥,刘建明等.湖南沃溪钨—锑—金建造同生成因的微量元素和硫同位素证据.地质科学,2004,39(3):424-439.
12.韩发,R.W.哈钦森.大厂锡-多金属矿床喷气沉积成因的证据—矿床地质、地球化学特征.矿床地质,1990,9(4):309-324.
13.韩发,R.W.哈钦森.大厂锡多金属矿床热液喷气沉积成因的证据—含矿建造及热液沉积岩.矿床地质,1989,8(3):25-37.
14.韩发,R.W.哈钦森.大厂锡-多金属矿床热液喷气沉积成因的证据—容矿岩石的微量元素及稀土元素地球化学.矿床地质,1989,8(3):33-41.
15.韩发,沈建忠,R.W.哈钦森.冰长石—大厂锡-多金属矿床同生成因的标志矿物.矿床地质,1993,12(4):330-337.
16.韩发,孙海田.Sedex型矿床成矿系统.地学前缘,1999,6(1):139-162.
17.韩发,赵汝松,沈建忠,等.大厂锡—多金属矿床地质及成因.北京:地质出版社,1997:1-213.
18.韩发.大厂锡多金属矿床地质及成因.北京:地质出版社,1997:122-131.
19.侯增谦.现代和古代海底热水成矿作用:新观察和新思考.见陈毓川主编.当代矿产资源勘查评价的理论与方法.北京:地震出版社,1999:108-122.
20.候增谦,李红阳.试论幔柱构造与成矿系统-以三江特提斯成矿为例.矿床地质,1998,17(2).
21.候增谦,莫宣学.现代海底热液成矿作用研究现状及发展方向.地学前缘.1996,3(3):263-272.
22.胡瑞忠,毕献武,Turner G,等.马厂箐铜矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体He-Ar同位素体系.中国科学,D辑,1997,27(6):503-508.
23.胡瑞忠,毕献武,Turner G,等.云南马厂箐铜矿床氦同位素组成研究.科学通报,1997,42(14):1542-1545.
24.胡瑞忠,毕献武,Turner G,等.哀牢山金矿带金成矿流体He和Ar同位素地球化学.中国科学,D辑,1999,29(4):321-330.
25.胡瑞忠,钟宏,叶造军,等.金顶超大型铅-锌矿床氦、氩同位素地球化学.中国科学,D辑,1998,28(3):208-213.
26.黄福生,穆治国,陈成业,等.个旧锡矿花岗岩的氢氧同位素稳定同位素研究.岩石矿物及测试,1983,2(4):241-247.
27.黄廷燃.个旧原生锡矿典型矿床概论.云南地质,1984,3(1):36-47.
28.黄廷燃.试论个旧式砂锡矿床的地质特征.地质论评,1983,29(2):140-148.
29.金明霞,沈苏,黄永合,等.康滇地轴重熔花岗岩的演化及其锡-钨成矿系列探讨.地质论评,1985,31(3):240-252.
30.金祖德.个旧层间赤铁矿型锡矿热液成因之否定.地质与勘探,1991,27(1):19-20.
31.康玉廷.云南锡矿微量元素地球化学特征.云南地质,1984,3(2):131-140.
32.雷良奇.大厂长坡锡多金属矿床成因刍议.矿床地质,1986,5(3):87-96.
33.雷良奇.广西大厂超大型锡多金属矿床的成矿机理.南宁:广西师范大学出版社,1998.
34.黎彤,倪守斌.地球和地壳的化学元素丰度.北京:地质出版社.1990.
35.李峰.滇西大平掌铜多金属矿床火山喷流沉积成矿模式.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000,19(4):296-297.
36.李家和.个旧花岗岩特征及成因研究.云南地质,1985,4(4):327-352.
37.李家和.云南某锡矿岩浆杂岩体的同位素地质年龄.见:全国同位素地质会议文集(第二辑).北京:地质出版社.1977,165-171.
38.李石锦.云南个旧矿区富锡、铜矿体成矿学浅析.大地构造与成矿学.1998,22(2):148-155.
39.李增荣.个旧卡房碱性玄武岩特征及其成矿作用.个旧地质,1989(1):1-8.
40.李增荣.卡房玄武岩铜矿地质特征.地球化学,1991(2):170-177.
41.李志群.个旧复式侵入岩体成矿系列研究.云南地质,1992,11(1):15-20.
42.林振宏.海底热液矿床,1991.见:朱而勤主编.近代海洋地质学.青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1991:328-341.
43.刘宝珺,许效松.中国南方古大陆沉积地壳演化与成矿.北京:科学出版社.1993:118-150.
44.刘家军,郑明华,刘建明,等.西秦岭寒武系金矿床中硅岩的地质地球化学特征及其沉积环境意义.岩石学报,1999,15(1):145-154.
45.刘建明,刘家军,顾雪祥.沉积盆地中流体活动及其成矿作用.岩石矿物学杂志,1997,16(4):341-352.
46.刘建明.成矿组分沉积同生富集的一种新机制:动态海水团的混合过程.地球科学进展,1994,9(2).
47.刘锦新,李希勣.云南个旧锡矿的特点及成矿规律.地质学报,1957,37(4):373-399.
48.刘新华.云南个旧东区锡多金属矿区火山岩岩石化学特征.见:傅永兴,祝新友主编.走向地学新世纪—首届有色系统青年地质工作者学术讨论会论文集.北京:冶金工业出版社.1995:297-301.
49.刘玉平,李朝阳,谷团,等.都龙锡锌多金属矿床成矿物质来源的同位素示踪.地质地球化学.2000,28(4):75-82.
50.陆杰.个旧岩浆杂岩体的地球化学研究.硕士学位论文,1984.
51.吕宝善.云南个旧双竹锡-铜多金属矿床地质特征及成矿规律.地质找矿论丛,1987,2(3):40-49.
52.罗德宣,张起钻,廖宗廷.大厂锡矿田海底热水沉积、后期岩浆热液叠加改造成矿的依据.矿产与地质,1993,7(5):313-319.
53.罗恺元.个旧黄茅山砂锡矿段锰结核勘探及成因初探.个旧地质,1992,1:9-14.
54.马德云.个旧锡矿地质及地球化学勘查找矿的应用研究.博士后研究工作报告,2004.
55.毛景文,B.Lehmann,H.J.Schneider.锡在地球中初始富集与锡矿床成矿关系.河北地质学院学报,1991,14(1):48-60.
56.毛景文,陈晴勋,杨开泰,等.桂北地区中元古代层纹状锡矿化的发现及其意义.矿床地 质,1988,7(2):46.
57.毛景文.桂北九万大山元宝山地区锡多金属矿床地质特征和成矿系列.矿床地质,1987(4).
58.裴荣富,毛景文.锡矿研究新进展述评.矿床地质,1999,8(2):91-94.
59.彭程电,王任重,个旧超大型锡铜多金属矿床区域地学背景研究.西南矿产地质,1996,1-2:1-5.
60.彭程电,中国云南省个旧锡矿矿化特征、矿化类型及矿床规模式、矿床成因论.见:第八界国际矿床成因协会科学讨论会论文集.福州:福建科学技术出版社,1991.
61.彭程电.略论个旧锡矿床地质找矿的新发现及途径.矿床地质,1986,5(3):37-47.
62.彭程电.试论个旧锡矿成矿地质条件及矿床类型、模式.云南地质,1985,4(1):17-32.
63.彭张翔.个旧锡矿成矿模式商榷.云南地质,1992,11(4):362-368.
64.任治机.云南两大系锡矿床.矿产与地质,1988,2(增刊):1-12.
65.唐尚涛.个旧锡矿床空间分布特征及控矿模式.地质与勘探,1985,21(12):17-21.
66.涂光炽.热水沉积矿床.江苏地质科技情报.1988(1):1-5.
67.涂光炽.中国超大型矿床(Ⅰ).北京:科学出版社.2000:59-64,129-157,387-396.
68.涂光炽.广西大厂矿床成因并兼论锡石硫化物矿物形成条件.见:中华人民共和国地质矿产部,联合国亚太经社会区域矿产资源开发中心.锡矿地质讨论会论文集(中国).北京:地质出版社.1987:105-109.
69.涂光炽.我国南方几个特殊的热水沉积矿床.谢家荣纪念文集,地质出版社,1990.
70.涂光炽等.中国层控矿床地球化学(第二卷).北京:科学出版社.1987.
71.涂光炽等.中国层控矿床地球化学(第三卷).北京:科学出版社.1988.
72.涂光炽等.中国层控矿床地球化学(第一卷).北京:科学出版社.1984.
73.汪志芬,朱启金.个旧岩浆岩矿物中包裹体特征与锡多金属矿床的成矿关系.锡矿地质讨论文集.地质出版社,1987:286-294.
74.汪志芬.关于个旧锡矿成矿作用的几个问题讨论.地质学报,1983,57(2):154-163.
75.汪志芬.关于个旧锡矿成矿作用的几个问题.地质学报,1983,57(2):154-163.
76.王江海,颜文,常向阳,等.陆相热水沉积作用—以云南地区为例.北京:地质出版社,1998:1-123.
77.王任重,殷成玉.云南个旧松树脚锡矿西部成矿地球化学特征及找矿方向.地质找矿论丛,1988,3(3):1-11.
78.王先彬.稀有气体同位素地球化学和宇宙化学.科学出版社,1989.141-142.
79.王新光,朱金初,沈渭洲.个旧锡矿的成矿物质来源.桂林冶金地质学院学报,1992,12(2):164-170.
80.王新光,朱金初,沈渭洲.个旧锡矿田两个主要成矿花岗岩的对比研究及其地质和找矿意义.南京大学学报,1990.
81.王学琨.个旧卡房火山岩基本地质地球化学特征.昆明工学院学报,1993,18(5):1-9.
82.王学琨.个旧西区火山岩的化学成分特征及火山喷发旋回.西南矿产地质,1987,1(2):57-68.
83.吴世迎.世界海底热液硫化物资源.北京:海洋出版社,2000.
84.伍勤生,刘清莲.个旧含锡花岗岩浆杂岩体的成因演化及成矿作用.有色总公司矿产地质研究院学报,1985,4:22-31.
85.伍勤生,许俊珍,杨志.个旧含Sn花岗岩的Sr同位素特征及找矿标志的研究.地球化学,1984(4):293-302.
86.伍勤生.个旧含锡花岗岩的Sr、Pb同位素和稀土元素地球化学特征的研究.锡矿地质讨论文集,1987.
87.肖景霞,钟立志.个旧老厂锡铍多金属细脉带矿床地质特征及成矿富集规律.云南地质,1988,7(3):272-281.
88.肖荣阁,杨忠芳,杨伟东.热水成矿作用.地学前缘,1994,1(3-4):140-147.
89.徐克勤,王鹤年,周建平,等.论华南喷流—沉积块状硫化物矿床.高校地质学报,1996,2(3):241-254.
90.徐克勤,朱金初.华南钨锡矿床的时空分布和成矿控制.见:中华人民共和国地质矿产部,联合国亚太经社会区域矿产资源开发中心.锡矿地质讨论会论文集(北京:地质出版社.1987:50-59.
91.鄢明才,迟清华.中国东部地壳与岩石的化学组成.北京:科学出版社.1997.
92.杨世瑜,颜以彬.云南的锡矿床与花岗岩类在时空分布上的关系.云南地质,1994,13(2):149-157.
93.杨世瑜.滇东南锡矿床时空分布特征及成矿模式.地质科学,1990(2):137-148.
94.杨世瑜.滇东南锡矿带矿床类型及其组合特征.矿床地质,1990,9(1):35-48.
95.杨世瑜.滇桂锡矿床时空分布特征分析.西南矿产地质,1987,1(2):1-9.
96.姚金炎,吴明超.个旧花岗岩成因和成矿作用.有色总公司矿产地质研究院学报.1985,3:1-5.
97.於崇文,唐元骏、石平方,等.云南个旧锡多金属成矿区内生成矿作用的动力学体系.中 国地质大学出版社,1988.
98.於崇文等.云南个旧成矿区锡石—硫化物矿床原生金属分带形成的地球化学动力学机制.地质学报.1990,64(3):226-237.
99.岳文浙,业治铮,等.长江中下游威宁期沉积地质与块状硫化物矿床.北京:地质出版社,1993:1-163.
100.云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1990.
101.曾骥良.个旧花岗岩实验研究:熔化特点及成岩机制的探讨.锡钨矿床地质论文集,1987.
102.曾志刚,蒋富清,秦蕴珊,等.现代海底热液沉积物的硫同位素组成及其地质意义.海洋学报.2001,23(3):48-56.
103.曾志刚,秦蕴珊,翟世奎.现代海底热液多金属硫化物的成矿物源:同位素证据.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000,19(4):428-430.
104.张立生.译.红海裂谷带中的热液—沉积成矿作用.地质科学译丛.1994,6(2):1-7.
105.张乾,潘家永,劭树勋.中国某些金属矿床矿石铅来源的铅同位素诠释.地球化学,2000,29(3):231-238.
106.张乾,张宝贵,潘家勇,等.粤西大降坪黄铁矿矿床热水沉积硅质岩特征及稀土模式.科学通报,1992,17:1488-1592.
107.张志信,肖景霞.我国锡矿的成矿地质特征及成矿远景区划浅析.云南地质,1984,3(1):1-10.
108.赵葵东,蒋少涌,肖红权,等.大厂锡—多金属矿床成矿流体来源的He同位素证据.科学通报,2002,47(8):632-635.
109.赵一鸣,李大新.云南个旧锡矿床花岗岩接触带的交代现象.中国地质科学院院报,1987,16:237-252.
110.赵振华,包志伟,张伯友.湖南中生代玄武岩类地球化学特征.中国科学D辑,1998,28,增刊,7-14.
111.赵振华.微量元素地球化学原理.北京:科学出版社.1997.
112.郑庆鳌,杨涤生.云南个旧锡多金属矿成矿演化与成矿模式[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1997.6(2):82-87.
113.周怀阳.论个旧、大厂地区火山喷气沉积-花岗岩热液叠加改造型锡石硫化物矿床的地质特征及其成矿地质条件.博士学位论文,1988.
114.周建平,徐克勤,华仁民.个旧等锡矿中沉积组构的发现与矿床成因新探.自然科学进展,1999,9(5):419-422.
115.周建平、徐克勤、华任民.滇东南锡多金属矿床成因商榷.云南地质,1997,16(4):309-344.
116.周永章,刘建明,陈多福.华南古海洋热水沉积作用研究概述及若干认识[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000,19(2):114-118.
117.周永章.丹池盆地热水沉积硅质岩的沉积地球化学特征,沉积学报,1990,8(3):75-76.
118.朱炳泉.地球科学中同位素体系理论与应用—兼论中国大陆壳幔演化.北京:科学出版社,1998.
119.朱金初,王新光,殷成玉.个旧锡矿区不同岩石中锡的富集特征及成矿模式.地质找矿论丛,1991,6(2):11-17.
120.朱金初.锡和锡的类质同像置换.南京大学学报,1989.
121.庄永秋,王任重,杨树培,等.云南个旧锡铜多金属矿床.地震出版社.1996.
122. Barrett T. J., Jarvis I, Jarvis K. E. Rare earth element geochemistry of massive sulfides-sulfates and gossans on the Southern Explore Ridge. Geology, 1990, 18: 583-586.
123. Bischoff J. L., Manheim F. L. Economic potential of red sea heavy metal deposits. 1969.
124. Bostrom K, Rydell H, Joensuu O. Langbank: An exhalative sedimentary deposit. Econ Geol, 1979, 74(5): 1002-1011.
125. Breitkopf J. Geochemical evidence for magma source heterogeneing and activity of a mantle plume during advanced rifting in the Southern Damara orogen, Namibia. Lithos, 1989, 23: 115-122.
126. Burnard P, G., Hu R. Z., Turner G, et al. Mantle, crustal and atmospheric noble gases in Ailaoshan Gold deposits, Yunnan Province, China, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1999, 63: 1595.
127. Campbell A. C. Chemistry of hot springs on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Nature, 1988, 335: 514-519.
128. Chappell B W, White A J R. Two contrasting granite types. PacificGeol. 1974, 8: 173-174.
129. Charlou J L, Donval J P Jean-Baptiste P, et al. Gases and helium isotopes in high temperature solutions sampled before and after ODP Leg 158 drilling at TAG hydrothermal field(26°N, MAR). Geophys. Res. Lett, 1996, 23: 3491-3494.
130. Clarke W B, Beg M A, Craig H. Excess ~3He in the sea: evidence for terrestrial primordial helium. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 1969, 6: 213-220.
131. Crerar D. A. Namson J. Chyi M. S. et al. Manganiferous chert of the Franciscan assemblage: Ⅰ. General geology ancient and modern analogues and implications for hydrothermal convection at oceanic spresding centers. Econ Geol, 1982,77(3):519-540.
132. Cronan D.S. Underwater minerals. London:Acsdemic press,1980:171-195.
133. Durga Prasada Rao N V N, Behairy A K A and Al-Imam O A O. Mineral phases and facies characterization in metalliferous sediments of Atlantis II deep , red sea.Marine Geology, 1984, 59: 1-12.
134. Gill J. B. Orogenic andesites and piate tectonics. Berlin:Springer-verlag,1981,358-360.
135. Green D.H, Wallace M.E. Mantle metasomatism by ephemeral carbonatite melts. Nature, 1988,336:459-462.
136. Gross GA. and Moleod C.R. Metallic minerals on the deep seabed. Canada Geological Survey, 1987.
137. Groves D.I. and Mccathy T.S. Fractional crystallization and the origin of tin deposits in grnitoids. Mineralium Deposita* 1978,13,11-16.
138. Groves D.I. Martin E.L., Murchie H.M. and Wellington H.K.. A century of tin mining at Mt Bischoff. Tasmanian Geol. Surv. Bull., 1972,54.
139. Hekinian R, Fevrier et al. Sulfur deposits from the East Pacific Rise 21° N. Science, 1980, 207.
140. Hilton D R, Hammerschmidt K, Teufel S, et al. Helium isotope characteristics of Andean geothermal fluids and lavas. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 1993,120:265-282.
141. Hu R Z,Burnard P G,Turner G,et al.Helium and argon isotope systematics in fluid inclusions of Machangqing copper deposit in west Yunnan Province,China.Chem Geol, 1998,146:55-63.
142. Hutchinson R.W. Exhalative genetic evidences on Tasmania tin deposits. CIM Bulletin, 1979,72,96-104.
143. Hutchison R. W. Evidence of exhalative origin for Tasmanian tin deposits. Trans,Canadian Ins. Min,Metall. 1979,82:116-130.
144. Ishihara S. The magnetite-series and ilmenite-series granitic rocks. Mining Geology, 1977,27:293-305.
145. James B.Murowchick.Marcasite inversion and the petrographic determination of pyrite ancestry.Economic geology, 1992,87:1141-1152.
146. Jiang S.Y. Boron isotope geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits in China: A preliminary study. Phys.Chem.Earth(A),2001,26(9-10):851-858.
147. Jiang S.Y., Han R, Shen J.Z. Chemical and Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of torumaline from the Dachang Sn-Polymetallic ore deposit, Guangxi Province, P.R. China. Chemical Geology, 1999,157:49-67.
148. KHnkhammer G.P, Elderfield H, Mitra A. Geochemical implications of rare earth element patterns in hydrothejmal fluids from mid-oceanridges. Geochim. Cosmochim.Acta, 1994,58(23): 5105-5113.
149. Kurz M D, Jenkins W J, Schilling J G, et al. Helium isotope variations in the mantle beneath the central North Atlantic Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1982,58:1-14.
150. Large D.E..Geological parameters associated with sediment-hosted submarine,exhalative Pb-Zn deposits:An empirical model sulfides deposits. Geol. Jahrb. (Hannover) 1980,D40:59-129.
151. Large D.E.The evolution of sedimentary basins for massive sulfide mineralization. Friedrich G.H.,Herzig P.M. eds. Base metal sulfide deposits. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1988:32.
152. Le Roex et al. Petrology and geochemistry of MORB from 25°E to 46°E along the southwest India ridge: evidence for constrasting styles of mantle enrichment. Petrol, 1989,30:947-986.
153. Lehmann B. and Schneider H.J. Strara-bound tin deposits. In:Wolf,K.H.(ed.) Handbook of Strata-bound and Sratiform Ore Deposits. EIsevier,Amsterdam, 1981,742-771.
154. Lehmman B. Metallogeny of tin. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 1990,211.
155. Ludwig K.R., ISOPLOT:Aplotting and regression program for radiogenic isotope data (Ver.2.90). US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1996,91(445): 1-47.
156. Lupton J E. Terrestrial inert gases: isotope tracer studies and clues to primordial components in the mantle. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci, 1983,11:371-414.
157. Lydon J.W. Chemical parameters controlling the origin and deposition of sediment-Hosted stratiform Lead-Zine deposits. Springer, 1983.
158. Mamyrin B A,Tolstikbin L N. Helium Isotope in Nature. Amsterdam Oxford New York Tokvo: Elsevier,1984.
159. Marchig v, Gundlach H, Moller P. et al. Some geological indicators for discrimination between diagenetic and hydrothermal metalliferous sediments. Marine Geology, 1982,50(3):241-256.
160. Marty B,Jambon A,Sano Y.Helium isotopes and CO2 in volcanic gases of Japan.Chem Geol, 1989,76:25-40.
161. Matthews A,Fouillac C,Hill R et al .Mantle-derived volatiles in continental crust: the Massif Central of France.Earth planet Sci Lett, 1987,85:117-128.
162. Maury R.C, Defant M J, Joron J L. Metasomatism of the sub-arc mantle inferred from trace elements in Philippin exenoliths.Nature,1992,360:661-663.
163. Meen J K, Eggler D, Ayers J.C. Experimantal evidence for very low solubility of rare earth elements in CO2 rich fluids at mantle condition.Nature,1989,340:301-303.
164. Meschede M. A method of discriminating between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y diagram. Chem.Geol., 1986,56:207-218.
165. Michard A, Albarede F, Michard G, et al. Rare earth elements and uranium in high-temperature solutions from East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent field(13°N). Nature,1983,303:795-797.
166. Michard A, Albarede F. The REE content of some hydrothermal fluids. Chemical Geology, 1986,55:51-60.
167. Michard A. Rare earth element systematics in hydrothermal fluids. Geochim. Cosmochimi.Acta,1989,53(3):745-750.
168. Mills R, ELderfield H.Rare earth element geochemistry of hydrothermal deposits from the TAG Mount. 26°N mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1995,59(17): 3511-3524.
169. Mulligan R. Geology of Canadian tin occurrences. Canada geol. Survey Econ. Geol. Rept. 1975,28:155.
170. Murray R W, Buchholtz T, Jones D.L. et al. rare earth elements as indicators of different marine depositional environments in chert and shale. Geology, 1990,18:268-271.
171. Myers R.E. and Breitkopf J.H. Basalt geochemistry and tectonic settings: A new approach to relate tectonic and magmatic processes, Lithos, 1989,23:53-62.
172. Neal C R.The origin and composition of metasomatic fluids and amphiboles beneath Malaita, Solomon Islands. Petrol,1988,29:149-179.
173. Ohmoto H.,Rye R.O.Isotopes of Sulfur and Carbon.In:Barnes H.L.ed.Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits. New York:John Wiley and Sons, 1979,509-567.
174. Peterson E.U. Tin in volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits: and example from the Geco mine, Manitouwadge district, Ontario,Canada.Econ.Geol., 1986,81,323-342.
175. Plyusnina L.P. and Vysotsky S.V. Two-phase separation of fossil hydrothermal fluids in the
Mid-Indian Ridge ophiolites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,58(9):203 5-2039.
176. Rona P. A. Hydrothermal mineralization at oceanic ridge: Mineralogist. 1980,26:431-465.
177. Rona P.A. and Scott S.D. A special issue on sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization:new perspectives. Economic Geology, 1993,88(8): 1935-1974.
178. Rona P.A. Criteria for recognition of hydrothermal mineral deposits in ocean crust. Econ. Geol. 1978,73(2): 135-160.
179. Rona P.A. Hydrothermal mineralization of oceanic ridges. Canadian Mineralogy. 1988,26(3):447-465.
180. Rona P.A., Scott S.P..A special issue on sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization:New perspectives.Econ Geol.,1993,88(8):1935-1976.
181. Rona.P.A,Hydrothermal mineralization at occeanic ridges. Journal of the mineralogical association of Canada, 1988,266,part 3.
182. Russell M.J.. The generation at hot springs of sedimentary ore deposits microbialites and life. Ore Geology Reviews, 1996,10:199-214.
183. Russell M.J., Couples G.D.,Lewis H.. SEDEX genesis and super-deep boreholes: Can hydrostatic pore pressures exist down to the brittle-ductile boundary? In:Pasava,Kribek and Zak eds. Mineral Deposits. Balkma Rotterdam, 1995:315-318.
184. Schiano P, Clocchiatfi R, Joron J.L. Melt and fluid inclusions in basalts and xenoliths from Tahaa Island, Society Archipelago: evidence for a metasomatized upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 1992,111:69-82.
185. Schwartz M.O. and Surjono. The strata-bound tin deposit Nam Salu, Kelapa Kampit, Indonesia.Econ.Geol.,1990,85:76-98.
186. Simmons S F.Sawkins F J,Schulutter D J.Mantle-derived helium in two Peruvian hydrothermal ore deposits.Nature, 1987,329:429-432.
187. Skripchenko N.S. Deposition and differentiation of ore-bearing muds in the Atlantis II deep of the red sea. International Geology Review, 1984:651-662.
188. Stacey J.S. and Kramers J.D., Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Plannet Sci. Letters, 1975,26:207-221.
189. Stuart F M,Burnard P G,Taylor R P,et al.Resolving mantle and crustal contributions to ancient hydrothermal fluids:He-Ar isotopes in fluid inclusions from Dae Hwa W-Mo mineralisation,South Korea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1995, 59:4663-4673.
2.陈吉琛,施琳.云南S型和Ⅰ型两类花岗岩划分对比的初步探讨.云南地质,1983,2(1)。
3.陈俊,周怀阳.华南含锡花岗岩的地质地球化学研究.南京大学学报,1988,(1):130-140.
4.陈先沛,高计元,陈多福.热水沉积作用的概念和几个岩石学标志.沉积学报,1992,10(3):124-132.
5.戴福盛,孙家骢,杨合荣.个旧锡矿西矿区地质.昆明:云南科技出版社,1990.
6.戴福盛.个旧矿区壳源重熔岩浆岩石系列特征、演化及成岩成矿作用.云南地质,1996,15(4):330-344.
7.党玉涛.加强找矿,增加资源,延长矿山寿命.矿产与地质,2000,14(3):178-181.
8.邓玉书.云南个旧锡矿和构造的关系.地质论评,1951,16(2):57-66.
9.冯贤仁.个旧含锡花岗岩付矿物类型、成因及其与矿化关系问题.云南地质,1982,1(2):129-133.
10.个旧花岗岩的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学演化特征.地球化学,1987(3):249-259.
11.顾雪祥,刘建明等.湖南沃溪钨—锑—金建造同生成因的微量元素和硫同位素证据.地质科学,2004,39(3):424-439.
12.韩发,R.W.哈钦森.大厂锡-多金属矿床喷气沉积成因的证据—矿床地质、地球化学特征.矿床地质,1990,9(4):309-324.
13.韩发,R.W.哈钦森.大厂锡多金属矿床热液喷气沉积成因的证据—含矿建造及热液沉积岩.矿床地质,1989,8(3):25-37.
14.韩发,R.W.哈钦森.大厂锡-多金属矿床热液喷气沉积成因的证据—容矿岩石的微量元素及稀土元素地球化学.矿床地质,1989,8(3):33-41.
15.韩发,沈建忠,R.W.哈钦森.冰长石—大厂锡-多金属矿床同生成因的标志矿物.矿床地质,1993,12(4):330-337.
16.韩发,孙海田.Sedex型矿床成矿系统.地学前缘,1999,6(1):139-162.
17.韩发,赵汝松,沈建忠,等.大厂锡—多金属矿床地质及成因.北京:地质出版社,1997:1-213.
18.韩发.大厂锡多金属矿床地质及成因.北京:地质出版社,1997:122-131.
19.侯增谦.现代和古代海底热水成矿作用:新观察和新思考.见陈毓川主编.当代矿产资源勘查评价的理论与方法.北京:地震出版社,1999:108-122.
20.候增谦,李红阳.试论幔柱构造与成矿系统-以三江特提斯成矿为例.矿床地质,1998,17(2).
21.候增谦,莫宣学.现代海底热液成矿作用研究现状及发展方向.地学前缘.1996,3(3):263-272.
22.胡瑞忠,毕献武,Turner G,等.马厂箐铜矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体He-Ar同位素体系.中国科学,D辑,1997,27(6):503-508.
23.胡瑞忠,毕献武,Turner G,等.云南马厂箐铜矿床氦同位素组成研究.科学通报,1997,42(14):1542-1545.
24.胡瑞忠,毕献武,Turner G,等.哀牢山金矿带金成矿流体He和Ar同位素地球化学.中国科学,D辑,1999,29(4):321-330.
25.胡瑞忠,钟宏,叶造军,等.金顶超大型铅-锌矿床氦、氩同位素地球化学.中国科学,D辑,1998,28(3):208-213.
26.黄福生,穆治国,陈成业,等.个旧锡矿花岗岩的氢氧同位素稳定同位素研究.岩石矿物及测试,1983,2(4):241-247.
27.黄廷燃.个旧原生锡矿典型矿床概论.云南地质,1984,3(1):36-47.
28.黄廷燃.试论个旧式砂锡矿床的地质特征.地质论评,1983,29(2):140-148.
29.金明霞,沈苏,黄永合,等.康滇地轴重熔花岗岩的演化及其锡-钨成矿系列探讨.地质论评,1985,31(3):240-252.
30.金祖德.个旧层间赤铁矿型锡矿热液成因之否定.地质与勘探,1991,27(1):19-20.
31.康玉廷.云南锡矿微量元素地球化学特征.云南地质,1984,3(2):131-140.
32.雷良奇.大厂长坡锡多金属矿床成因刍议.矿床地质,1986,5(3):87-96.
33.雷良奇.广西大厂超大型锡多金属矿床的成矿机理.南宁:广西师范大学出版社,1998.
34.黎彤,倪守斌.地球和地壳的化学元素丰度.北京:地质出版社.1990.
35.李峰.滇西大平掌铜多金属矿床火山喷流沉积成矿模式.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000,19(4):296-297.
36.李家和.个旧花岗岩特征及成因研究.云南地质,1985,4(4):327-352.
37.李家和.云南某锡矿岩浆杂岩体的同位素地质年龄.见:全国同位素地质会议文集(第二辑).北京:地质出版社.1977,165-171.
38.李石锦.云南个旧矿区富锡、铜矿体成矿学浅析.大地构造与成矿学.1998,22(2):148-155.
39.李增荣.个旧卡房碱性玄武岩特征及其成矿作用.个旧地质,1989(1):1-8.
40.李增荣.卡房玄武岩铜矿地质特征.地球化学,1991(2):170-177.
41.李志群.个旧复式侵入岩体成矿系列研究.云南地质,1992,11(1):15-20.
42.林振宏.海底热液矿床,1991.见:朱而勤主编.近代海洋地质学.青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,1991:328-341.
43.刘宝珺,许效松.中国南方古大陆沉积地壳演化与成矿.北京:科学出版社.1993:118-150.
44.刘家军,郑明华,刘建明,等.西秦岭寒武系金矿床中硅岩的地质地球化学特征及其沉积环境意义.岩石学报,1999,15(1):145-154.
45.刘建明,刘家军,顾雪祥.沉积盆地中流体活动及其成矿作用.岩石矿物学杂志,1997,16(4):341-352.
46.刘建明.成矿组分沉积同生富集的一种新机制:动态海水团的混合过程.地球科学进展,1994,9(2).
47.刘锦新,李希勣.云南个旧锡矿的特点及成矿规律.地质学报,1957,37(4):373-399.
48.刘新华.云南个旧东区锡多金属矿区火山岩岩石化学特征.见:傅永兴,祝新友主编.走向地学新世纪—首届有色系统青年地质工作者学术讨论会论文集.北京:冶金工业出版社.1995:297-301.
49.刘玉平,李朝阳,谷团,等.都龙锡锌多金属矿床成矿物质来源的同位素示踪.地质地球化学.2000,28(4):75-82.
50.陆杰.个旧岩浆杂岩体的地球化学研究.硕士学位论文,1984.
51.吕宝善.云南个旧双竹锡-铜多金属矿床地质特征及成矿规律.地质找矿论丛,1987,2(3):40-49.
52.罗德宣,张起钻,廖宗廷.大厂锡矿田海底热水沉积、后期岩浆热液叠加改造成矿的依据.矿产与地质,1993,7(5):313-319.
53.罗恺元.个旧黄茅山砂锡矿段锰结核勘探及成因初探.个旧地质,1992,1:9-14.
54.马德云.个旧锡矿地质及地球化学勘查找矿的应用研究.博士后研究工作报告,2004.
55.毛景文,B.Lehmann,H.J.Schneider.锡在地球中初始富集与锡矿床成矿关系.河北地质学院学报,1991,14(1):48-60.
56.毛景文,陈晴勋,杨开泰,等.桂北地区中元古代层纹状锡矿化的发现及其意义.矿床地 质,1988,7(2):46.
57.毛景文.桂北九万大山元宝山地区锡多金属矿床地质特征和成矿系列.矿床地质,1987(4).
58.裴荣富,毛景文.锡矿研究新进展述评.矿床地质,1999,8(2):91-94.
59.彭程电,王任重,个旧超大型锡铜多金属矿床区域地学背景研究.西南矿产地质,1996,1-2:1-5.
60.彭程电,中国云南省个旧锡矿矿化特征、矿化类型及矿床规模式、矿床成因论.见:第八界国际矿床成因协会科学讨论会论文集.福州:福建科学技术出版社,1991.
61.彭程电.略论个旧锡矿床地质找矿的新发现及途径.矿床地质,1986,5(3):37-47.
62.彭程电.试论个旧锡矿成矿地质条件及矿床类型、模式.云南地质,1985,4(1):17-32.
63.彭张翔.个旧锡矿成矿模式商榷.云南地质,1992,11(4):362-368.
64.任治机.云南两大系锡矿床.矿产与地质,1988,2(增刊):1-12.
65.唐尚涛.个旧锡矿床空间分布特征及控矿模式.地质与勘探,1985,21(12):17-21.
66.涂光炽.热水沉积矿床.江苏地质科技情报.1988(1):1-5.
67.涂光炽.中国超大型矿床(Ⅰ).北京:科学出版社.2000:59-64,129-157,387-396.
68.涂光炽.广西大厂矿床成因并兼论锡石硫化物矿物形成条件.见:中华人民共和国地质矿产部,联合国亚太经社会区域矿产资源开发中心.锡矿地质讨论会论文集(中国).北京:地质出版社.1987:105-109.
69.涂光炽.我国南方几个特殊的热水沉积矿床.谢家荣纪念文集,地质出版社,1990.
70.涂光炽等.中国层控矿床地球化学(第二卷).北京:科学出版社.1987.
71.涂光炽等.中国层控矿床地球化学(第三卷).北京:科学出版社.1988.
72.涂光炽等.中国层控矿床地球化学(第一卷).北京:科学出版社.1984.
73.汪志芬,朱启金.个旧岩浆岩矿物中包裹体特征与锡多金属矿床的成矿关系.锡矿地质讨论文集.地质出版社,1987:286-294.
74.汪志芬.关于个旧锡矿成矿作用的几个问题讨论.地质学报,1983,57(2):154-163.
75.汪志芬.关于个旧锡矿成矿作用的几个问题.地质学报,1983,57(2):154-163.
76.王江海,颜文,常向阳,等.陆相热水沉积作用—以云南地区为例.北京:地质出版社,1998:1-123.
77.王任重,殷成玉.云南个旧松树脚锡矿西部成矿地球化学特征及找矿方向.地质找矿论丛,1988,3(3):1-11.
78.王先彬.稀有气体同位素地球化学和宇宙化学.科学出版社,1989.141-142.
79.王新光,朱金初,沈渭洲.个旧锡矿的成矿物质来源.桂林冶金地质学院学报,1992,12(2):164-170.
80.王新光,朱金初,沈渭洲.个旧锡矿田两个主要成矿花岗岩的对比研究及其地质和找矿意义.南京大学学报,1990.
81.王学琨.个旧卡房火山岩基本地质地球化学特征.昆明工学院学报,1993,18(5):1-9.
82.王学琨.个旧西区火山岩的化学成分特征及火山喷发旋回.西南矿产地质,1987,1(2):57-68.
83.吴世迎.世界海底热液硫化物资源.北京:海洋出版社,2000.
84.伍勤生,刘清莲.个旧含锡花岗岩浆杂岩体的成因演化及成矿作用.有色总公司矿产地质研究院学报,1985,4:22-31.
85.伍勤生,许俊珍,杨志.个旧含Sn花岗岩的Sr同位素特征及找矿标志的研究.地球化学,1984(4):293-302.
86.伍勤生.个旧含锡花岗岩的Sr、Pb同位素和稀土元素地球化学特征的研究.锡矿地质讨论文集,1987.
87.肖景霞,钟立志.个旧老厂锡铍多金属细脉带矿床地质特征及成矿富集规律.云南地质,1988,7(3):272-281.
88.肖荣阁,杨忠芳,杨伟东.热水成矿作用.地学前缘,1994,1(3-4):140-147.
89.徐克勤,王鹤年,周建平,等.论华南喷流—沉积块状硫化物矿床.高校地质学报,1996,2(3):241-254.
90.徐克勤,朱金初.华南钨锡矿床的时空分布和成矿控制.见:中华人民共和国地质矿产部,联合国亚太经社会区域矿产资源开发中心.锡矿地质讨论会论文集(北京:地质出版社.1987:50-59.
91.鄢明才,迟清华.中国东部地壳与岩石的化学组成.北京:科学出版社.1997.
92.杨世瑜,颜以彬.云南的锡矿床与花岗岩类在时空分布上的关系.云南地质,1994,13(2):149-157.
93.杨世瑜.滇东南锡矿床时空分布特征及成矿模式.地质科学,1990(2):137-148.
94.杨世瑜.滇东南锡矿带矿床类型及其组合特征.矿床地质,1990,9(1):35-48.
95.杨世瑜.滇桂锡矿床时空分布特征分析.西南矿产地质,1987,1(2):1-9.
96.姚金炎,吴明超.个旧花岗岩成因和成矿作用.有色总公司矿产地质研究院学报.1985,3:1-5.
97.於崇文,唐元骏、石平方,等.云南个旧锡多金属成矿区内生成矿作用的动力学体系.中 国地质大学出版社,1988.
98.於崇文等.云南个旧成矿区锡石—硫化物矿床原生金属分带形成的地球化学动力学机制.地质学报.1990,64(3):226-237.
99.岳文浙,业治铮,等.长江中下游威宁期沉积地质与块状硫化物矿床.北京:地质出版社,1993:1-163.
100.云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,1990.
101.曾骥良.个旧花岗岩实验研究:熔化特点及成岩机制的探讨.锡钨矿床地质论文集,1987.
102.曾志刚,蒋富清,秦蕴珊,等.现代海底热液沉积物的硫同位素组成及其地质意义.海洋学报.2001,23(3):48-56.
103.曾志刚,秦蕴珊,翟世奎.现代海底热液多金属硫化物的成矿物源:同位素证据.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000,19(4):428-430.
104.张立生.译.红海裂谷带中的热液—沉积成矿作用.地质科学译丛.1994,6(2):1-7.
105.张乾,潘家永,劭树勋.中国某些金属矿床矿石铅来源的铅同位素诠释.地球化学,2000,29(3):231-238.
106.张乾,张宝贵,潘家勇,等.粤西大降坪黄铁矿矿床热水沉积硅质岩特征及稀土模式.科学通报,1992,17:1488-1592.
107.张志信,肖景霞.我国锡矿的成矿地质特征及成矿远景区划浅析.云南地质,1984,3(1):1-10.
108.赵葵东,蒋少涌,肖红权,等.大厂锡—多金属矿床成矿流体来源的He同位素证据.科学通报,2002,47(8):632-635.
109.赵一鸣,李大新.云南个旧锡矿床花岗岩接触带的交代现象.中国地质科学院院报,1987,16:237-252.
110.赵振华,包志伟,张伯友.湖南中生代玄武岩类地球化学特征.中国科学D辑,1998,28,增刊,7-14.
111.赵振华.微量元素地球化学原理.北京:科学出版社.1997.
112.郑庆鳌,杨涤生.云南个旧锡多金属矿成矿演化与成矿模式[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1997.6(2):82-87.
113.周怀阳.论个旧、大厂地区火山喷气沉积-花岗岩热液叠加改造型锡石硫化物矿床的地质特征及其成矿地质条件.博士学位论文,1988.
114.周建平,徐克勤,华仁民.个旧等锡矿中沉积组构的发现与矿床成因新探.自然科学进展,1999,9(5):419-422.
115.周建平、徐克勤、华任民.滇东南锡多金属矿床成因商榷.云南地质,1997,16(4):309-344.
116.周永章,刘建明,陈多福.华南古海洋热水沉积作用研究概述及若干认识[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000,19(2):114-118.
117.周永章.丹池盆地热水沉积硅质岩的沉积地球化学特征,沉积学报,1990,8(3):75-76.
118.朱炳泉.地球科学中同位素体系理论与应用—兼论中国大陆壳幔演化.北京:科学出版社,1998.
119.朱金初,王新光,殷成玉.个旧锡矿区不同岩石中锡的富集特征及成矿模式.地质找矿论丛,1991,6(2):11-17.
120.朱金初.锡和锡的类质同像置换.南京大学学报,1989.
121.庄永秋,王任重,杨树培,等.云南个旧锡铜多金属矿床.地震出版社.1996.
122. Barrett T. J., Jarvis I, Jarvis K. E. Rare earth element geochemistry of massive sulfides-sulfates and gossans on the Southern Explore Ridge. Geology, 1990, 18: 583-586.
123. Bischoff J. L., Manheim F. L. Economic potential of red sea heavy metal deposits. 1969.
124. Bostrom K, Rydell H, Joensuu O. Langbank: An exhalative sedimentary deposit. Econ Geol, 1979, 74(5): 1002-1011.
125. Breitkopf J. Geochemical evidence for magma source heterogeneing and activity of a mantle plume during advanced rifting in the Southern Damara orogen, Namibia. Lithos, 1989, 23: 115-122.
126. Burnard P, G., Hu R. Z., Turner G, et al. Mantle, crustal and atmospheric noble gases in Ailaoshan Gold deposits, Yunnan Province, China, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1999, 63: 1595.
127. Campbell A. C. Chemistry of hot springs on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Nature, 1988, 335: 514-519.
128. Chappell B W, White A J R. Two contrasting granite types. PacificGeol. 1974, 8: 173-174.
129. Charlou J L, Donval J P Jean-Baptiste P, et al. Gases and helium isotopes in high temperature solutions sampled before and after ODP Leg 158 drilling at TAG hydrothermal field(26°N, MAR). Geophys. Res. Lett, 1996, 23: 3491-3494.
130. Clarke W B, Beg M A, Craig H. Excess ~3He in the sea: evidence for terrestrial primordial helium. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 1969, 6: 213-220.
131. Crerar D. A. Namson J. Chyi M. S. et al. Manganiferous chert of the Franciscan assemblage: Ⅰ. General geology ancient and modern analogues and implications for hydrothermal convection at oceanic spresding centers. Econ Geol, 1982,77(3):519-540.
132. Cronan D.S. Underwater minerals. London:Acsdemic press,1980:171-195.
133. Durga Prasada Rao N V N, Behairy A K A and Al-Imam O A O. Mineral phases and facies characterization in metalliferous sediments of Atlantis II deep , red sea.Marine Geology, 1984, 59: 1-12.
134. Gill J. B. Orogenic andesites and piate tectonics. Berlin:Springer-verlag,1981,358-360.
135. Green D.H, Wallace M.E. Mantle metasomatism by ephemeral carbonatite melts. Nature, 1988,336:459-462.
136. Gross GA. and Moleod C.R. Metallic minerals on the deep seabed. Canada Geological Survey, 1987.
137. Groves D.I. and Mccathy T.S. Fractional crystallization and the origin of tin deposits in grnitoids. Mineralium Deposita* 1978,13,11-16.
138. Groves D.I. Martin E.L., Murchie H.M. and Wellington H.K.. A century of tin mining at Mt Bischoff. Tasmanian Geol. Surv. Bull., 1972,54.
139. Hekinian R, Fevrier et al. Sulfur deposits from the East Pacific Rise 21° N. Science, 1980, 207.
140. Hilton D R, Hammerschmidt K, Teufel S, et al. Helium isotope characteristics of Andean geothermal fluids and lavas. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 1993,120:265-282.
141. Hu R Z,Burnard P G,Turner G,et al.Helium and argon isotope systematics in fluid inclusions of Machangqing copper deposit in west Yunnan Province,China.Chem Geol, 1998,146:55-63.
142. Hutchinson R.W. Exhalative genetic evidences on Tasmania tin deposits. CIM Bulletin, 1979,72,96-104.
143. Hutchison R. W. Evidence of exhalative origin for Tasmanian tin deposits. Trans,Canadian Ins. Min,Metall. 1979,82:116-130.
144. Ishihara S. The magnetite-series and ilmenite-series granitic rocks. Mining Geology, 1977,27:293-305.
145. James B.Murowchick.Marcasite inversion and the petrographic determination of pyrite ancestry.Economic geology, 1992,87:1141-1152.
146. Jiang S.Y. Boron isotope geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits in China: A preliminary study. Phys.Chem.Earth(A),2001,26(9-10):851-858.
147. Jiang S.Y., Han R, Shen J.Z. Chemical and Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of torumaline from the Dachang Sn-Polymetallic ore deposit, Guangxi Province, P.R. China. Chemical Geology, 1999,157:49-67.
148. KHnkhammer G.P, Elderfield H, Mitra A. Geochemical implications of rare earth element patterns in hydrothejmal fluids from mid-oceanridges. Geochim. Cosmochim.Acta, 1994,58(23): 5105-5113.
149. Kurz M D, Jenkins W J, Schilling J G, et al. Helium isotope variations in the mantle beneath the central North Atlantic Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1982,58:1-14.
150. Large D.E..Geological parameters associated with sediment-hosted submarine,exhalative Pb-Zn deposits:An empirical model sulfides deposits. Geol. Jahrb. (Hannover) 1980,D40:59-129.
151. Large D.E.The evolution of sedimentary basins for massive sulfide mineralization. Friedrich G.H.,Herzig P.M. eds. Base metal sulfide deposits. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1988:32.
152. Le Roex et al. Petrology and geochemistry of MORB from 25°E to 46°E along the southwest India ridge: evidence for constrasting styles of mantle enrichment. Petrol, 1989,30:947-986.
153. Lehmann B. and Schneider H.J. Strara-bound tin deposits. In:Wolf,K.H.(ed.) Handbook of Strata-bound and Sratiform Ore Deposits. EIsevier,Amsterdam, 1981,742-771.
154. Lehmman B. Metallogeny of tin. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 1990,211.
155. Ludwig K.R., ISOPLOT:Aplotting and regression program for radiogenic isotope data (Ver.2.90). US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1996,91(445): 1-47.
156. Lupton J E. Terrestrial inert gases: isotope tracer studies and clues to primordial components in the mantle. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci, 1983,11:371-414.
157. Lydon J.W. Chemical parameters controlling the origin and deposition of sediment-Hosted stratiform Lead-Zine deposits. Springer, 1983.
158. Mamyrin B A,Tolstikbin L N. Helium Isotope in Nature. Amsterdam Oxford New York Tokvo: Elsevier,1984.
159. Marchig v, Gundlach H, Moller P. et al. Some geological indicators for discrimination between diagenetic and hydrothermal metalliferous sediments. Marine Geology, 1982,50(3):241-256.
160. Marty B,Jambon A,Sano Y.Helium isotopes and CO2 in volcanic gases of Japan.Chem Geol, 1989,76:25-40.
161. Matthews A,Fouillac C,Hill R et al .Mantle-derived volatiles in continental crust: the Massif Central of France.Earth planet Sci Lett, 1987,85:117-128.
162. Maury R.C, Defant M J, Joron J L. Metasomatism of the sub-arc mantle inferred from trace elements in Philippin exenoliths.Nature,1992,360:661-663.
163. Meen J K, Eggler D, Ayers J.C. Experimantal evidence for very low solubility of rare earth elements in CO2 rich fluids at mantle condition.Nature,1989,340:301-303.
164. Meschede M. A method of discriminating between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y diagram. Chem.Geol., 1986,56:207-218.
165. Michard A, Albarede F, Michard G, et al. Rare earth elements and uranium in high-temperature solutions from East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent field(13°N). Nature,1983,303:795-797.
166. Michard A, Albarede F. The REE content of some hydrothermal fluids. Chemical Geology, 1986,55:51-60.
167. Michard A. Rare earth element systematics in hydrothermal fluids. Geochim. Cosmochimi.Acta,1989,53(3):745-750.
168. Mills R, ELderfield H.Rare earth element geochemistry of hydrothermal deposits from the TAG Mount. 26°N mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1995,59(17): 3511-3524.
169. Mulligan R. Geology of Canadian tin occurrences. Canada geol. Survey Econ. Geol. Rept. 1975,28:155.
170. Murray R W, Buchholtz T, Jones D.L. et al. rare earth elements as indicators of different marine depositional environments in chert and shale. Geology, 1990,18:268-271.
171. Myers R.E. and Breitkopf J.H. Basalt geochemistry and tectonic settings: A new approach to relate tectonic and magmatic processes, Lithos, 1989,23:53-62.
172. Neal C R.The origin and composition of metasomatic fluids and amphiboles beneath Malaita, Solomon Islands. Petrol,1988,29:149-179.
173. Ohmoto H.,Rye R.O.Isotopes of Sulfur and Carbon.In:Barnes H.L.ed.Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits. New York:John Wiley and Sons, 1979,509-567.
174. Peterson E.U. Tin in volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits: and example from the Geco mine, Manitouwadge district, Ontario,Canada.Econ.Geol., 1986,81,323-342.
175. Plyusnina L.P. and Vysotsky S.V. Two-phase separation of fossil hydrothermal fluids in the
Mid-Indian Ridge ophiolites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,58(9):203 5-2039.
176. Rona P. A. Hydrothermal mineralization at oceanic ridge: Mineralogist. 1980,26:431-465.
177. Rona P.A. and Scott S.D. A special issue on sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization:new perspectives. Economic Geology, 1993,88(8): 1935-1974.
178. Rona P.A. Criteria for recognition of hydrothermal mineral deposits in ocean crust. Econ. Geol. 1978,73(2): 135-160.
179. Rona P.A. Hydrothermal mineralization of oceanic ridges. Canadian Mineralogy. 1988,26(3):447-465.
180. Rona P.A., Scott S.P..A special issue on sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization:New perspectives.Econ Geol.,1993,88(8):1935-1976.
181. Rona.P.A,Hydrothermal mineralization at occeanic ridges. Journal of the mineralogical association of Canada, 1988,266,part 3.
182. Russell M.J.. The generation at hot springs of sedimentary ore deposits microbialites and life. Ore Geology Reviews, 1996,10:199-214.
183. Russell M.J., Couples G.D.,Lewis H.. SEDEX genesis and super-deep boreholes: Can hydrostatic pore pressures exist down to the brittle-ductile boundary? In:Pasava,Kribek and Zak eds. Mineral Deposits. Balkma Rotterdam, 1995:315-318.
184. Schiano P, Clocchiatfi R, Joron J.L. Melt and fluid inclusions in basalts and xenoliths from Tahaa Island, Society Archipelago: evidence for a metasomatized upper mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 1992,111:69-82.
185. Schwartz M.O. and Surjono. The strata-bound tin deposit Nam Salu, Kelapa Kampit, Indonesia.Econ.Geol.,1990,85:76-98.
186. Simmons S F.Sawkins F J,Schulutter D J.Mantle-derived helium in two Peruvian hydrothermal ore deposits.Nature, 1987,329:429-432.
187. Skripchenko N.S. Deposition and differentiation of ore-bearing muds in the Atlantis II deep of the red sea. International Geology Review, 1984:651-662.
188. Stacey J.S. and Kramers J.D., Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Plannet Sci. Letters, 1975,26:207-221.
189. Stuart F M,Burnard P G,Taylor R P,et al.Resolving mantle and crustal contributions to ancient hydrothermal fluids:He-Ar isotopes in fluid inclusions from Dae Hwa W-Mo mineralisation,South Korea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1995, 59:4663-4673.