纳米锰锌铁氧体粉体的沸腾回流法制备及性能研究
|
摘要
纳米磁性材料是当今磁性材料研究的热点,软磁材料中品种最多、用量最大、应用最广泛的是软磁铁氧体材料。纳米锰锌铁氧体材料作为一种重要的软磁材料具有广阔的应用前景。本文对纳米软磁锰锌铁氧体粉体的制备方法及性能进行了研究。
本文采用沸腾回流法,以δ-FeOOH为前驱体,直接合成了尖晶石结构的MnZn铁氧体纳米粉体。研究了共沉淀pH值、反应时间等工艺因素对产物的影响,得出了合适的共沉淀沸腾回流法制备工艺；采用XRD、TEM、VSM等测试手段对产品进行了表征,对回流相转化反应动力学、热力学、反应机理、磁性能等进行了分析研究。研究表明,通过调节pH值和回流时间可以得到从小于10nm到大于20nm不同粒径的锰锌铁氧体粉体,获得完全产物的最佳回流时间为6h。pH值对反应剧烈程度及磁性能有很大影响,共沉淀pH值为13.0左右时获得的制备态纳米粉末尺寸约为20nm,饱和磁化强度达46A.m2/kg。
为了抑制纳米粉体的团聚,将物理分散与化学分散结合起来,利用物理手段解团聚,然后加入分散剂实现颗粒的稳定化,可以达到较好的分散效果,得到了具有良好分散性的锰锌铁氧体纳米粉体。
本文还研究了稀土元素(La、Nd、Gd)取代对尖晶石铁氧体结构和磁性能的影响。当稀土离子取代尖晶石铁氧体晶格中的Fe3+时,稀土离子可能会进入尖晶石晶格,也可能形成化合物进入晶界。经研究发现由于稀土离子(La3+、Nd3+、Gd3+)的有效磁距与离子半径的差异,稀土离子的掺入会减少尖晶石铁氧体的晶格常数和晶粒尺寸,而其矫顽力Hc得以提高,饱和磁化强度变化与稀土离子的添加量有关。
Magnetic nanomaterial is currently the hot topic of the current research. The soft magnetic ferrite is one of the most important soft magnetic materials with a wide range of applications. In this dissertation, the preparation and properties of soft magnetic MnZn ferrites were discussed.
The spinel-type Mn-Zn ferrite nano-powders were sythesized by co-precipitation and refluxing method usingδ-FeOOH as a precursor. The structure and properties of the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, VSM. The influences of processing parameters such as the pH value of co-precipitation, reaction temperature and reaction time were systematically investigated. The reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, reaction mechanics, magnetic property, thermostability is also studied. The results showed that the optimum refluxing time for complete reaction is 6h. The size of MnZn ferrites nano-powders varied between<10nm and>20nm. It was also found that the mean size of the nano-powders can be controlled by pH value of the co-precipitation solution. As-prepared powders with mean particle size of 20nm and saturation magnetization of 46A·m2/kg were obtained when the pH value is 13.
To obtain well-dispersed physical and chemical methods can be used. In this work, physical dispertion was used to decompose the glomeration, and doping agent to obtain stabilization particle. The ultra fine nanoparticles on that aggregation were prepared successfully finally.
The effects of Rare-earth (La, Nd, Gd) doping on the structure and magnetic properties of MnZn ferrite nanopowders are discussed in the dissertation. RE ion may either replace Fe3+ and entered into spinel crystal lattice or aggregate on the grain boundary in the form of compound. Due to the difference in available magnetic moment and ion's radius for La3+ Nd3+and Gd3+, the crystal lattice and grain size decreased and the coercive force increased with RE ion doping.
本文采用沸腾回流法,以δ-FeOOH为前驱体,直接合成了尖晶石结构的MnZn铁氧体纳米粉体。研究了共沉淀pH值、反应时间等工艺因素对产物的影响,得出了合适的共沉淀沸腾回流法制备工艺；采用XRD、TEM、VSM等测试手段对产品进行了表征,对回流相转化反应动力学、热力学、反应机理、磁性能等进行了分析研究。研究表明,通过调节pH值和回流时间可以得到从小于10nm到大于20nm不同粒径的锰锌铁氧体粉体,获得完全产物的最佳回流时间为6h。pH值对反应剧烈程度及磁性能有很大影响,共沉淀pH值为13.0左右时获得的制备态纳米粉末尺寸约为20nm,饱和磁化强度达46A.m2/kg。
为了抑制纳米粉体的团聚,将物理分散与化学分散结合起来,利用物理手段解团聚,然后加入分散剂实现颗粒的稳定化,可以达到较好的分散效果,得到了具有良好分散性的锰锌铁氧体纳米粉体。
本文还研究了稀土元素(La、Nd、Gd)取代对尖晶石铁氧体结构和磁性能的影响。当稀土离子取代尖晶石铁氧体晶格中的Fe3+时,稀土离子可能会进入尖晶石晶格,也可能形成化合物进入晶界。经研究发现由于稀土离子(La3+、Nd3+、Gd3+)的有效磁距与离子半径的差异,稀土离子的掺入会减少尖晶石铁氧体的晶格常数和晶粒尺寸,而其矫顽力Hc得以提高,饱和磁化强度变化与稀土离子的添加量有关。
Magnetic nanomaterial is currently the hot topic of the current research. The soft magnetic ferrite is one of the most important soft magnetic materials with a wide range of applications. In this dissertation, the preparation and properties of soft magnetic MnZn ferrites were discussed.
The spinel-type Mn-Zn ferrite nano-powders were sythesized by co-precipitation and refluxing method usingδ-FeOOH as a precursor. The structure and properties of the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, VSM. The influences of processing parameters such as the pH value of co-precipitation, reaction temperature and reaction time were systematically investigated. The reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, reaction mechanics, magnetic property, thermostability is also studied. The results showed that the optimum refluxing time for complete reaction is 6h. The size of MnZn ferrites nano-powders varied between<10nm and>20nm. It was also found that the mean size of the nano-powders can be controlled by pH value of the co-precipitation solution. As-prepared powders with mean particle size of 20nm and saturation magnetization of 46A·m2/kg were obtained when the pH value is 13.
To obtain well-dispersed physical and chemical methods can be used. In this work, physical dispertion was used to decompose the glomeration, and doping agent to obtain stabilization particle. The ultra fine nanoparticles on that aggregation were prepared successfully finally.
The effects of Rare-earth (La, Nd, Gd) doping on the structure and magnetic properties of MnZn ferrite nanopowders are discussed in the dissertation. RE ion may either replace Fe3+ and entered into spinel crystal lattice or aggregate on the grain boundary in the form of compound. Due to the difference in available magnetic moment and ion's radius for La3+ Nd3+and Gd3+, the crystal lattice and grain size decreased and the coercive force increased with RE ion doping.
引文
[1]Lie C.T., Kuo P.C., Hsu W.C., et al. Effect of Zn doping on the magnetoresistance of sintered Fe3O4 ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2002,239(1-3): 160-163
[2]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：20-50
[3]陆明岳.MnZn铁氧体最新进展及其发展趋势[J].磁性材料及器件,2001,32(5)：27-33
[4]陈国华.21世纪软磁铁氧体材料和元件发展趋势[J].磁性材料及器件,2001,32(4)：34-36
[5]何水校.锰锌铁氧体材料的未来发展动向[J].磁性材料及器件,2001,32(6)：27-30
[6]张怀武,石玉,贾利军.IT及家电业用高新软磁材料及元器件发展走势[J].世界产品与技术/ECN,2002(6)：16-19
[7]Luo P., Nieht G., Schwartza J., et al. Surface characterization of nanostructured metal and ceramic particles[J]. Materials Science Engineering A,1995,204(1-2):59-64
[8]姚礼华.我国Mn-Zn铁氧体的现状及发展前景[J].新材料产业,2004,(9)：41-44
[9]都有为.纳米磁性材料及其应用[J].中国高校科技与产业化,2001,15(7)：6-8
[10]Lu J.W. Application and analysis of adustable profile high frequency with mode transformer having a U-shaped winding structure[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998,34(4):1345-1347
[11]Stoppels D. Developments in soft magnetic power ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1996,160:323-328
[12]Takadate K., Yamamoto Y., Makino A., et al. Fine grained MnZn ferrites in the high driving[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,1998,83(11):6861-6863
[13]Sugimoto M. The past, present, and future of ferrites[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1999,82(2):269-280
[14]陈国华.21世纪软磁铁氧体材料和元件发展趋势[J].磁性材料与器件,2001,32(4)：34-36
[15]周志刚.铁氧体磁性材料[M].北京：科学出版社,1978：31-50
[16]Kulkarni R.G., Patil V.U. Magnetic ordering in Cu-Zn ferrites[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2004,17(3):843-848
[17]都有为.磁性材料进展[J].物理,2000,29(6)：323-332
[18]Smit S., Wijn H. P. J. Ferrites[M]. Holland:Eindhoven,1959:15-20
[19]Martha P.H. Microwave applications of soft ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2000,215-216(2):171-183
[20]Takada T., Kiyama M. Preparation of ferrites by wet method[J]. Proc. ICF,1970(1):69
[21]Ohta K. Kobayshi N. Magnetostriction constants of Mn-Zn-Fe ferrites[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1964(3):576
[22]Roess E. Magnetic properties and microstructure ferrites[J]. Proc., ICF.,1970(1):203
[23]Tokarz W., Przybylshi K. Preparation and magnetic properties of MgZn and MnZn ferrites[J], Phycica C:Superconductivity,2003,387(1-2):290-294
[24]周志刚.铁氧体磁性材料[M].北京：科学出版社,1981：43-52
[25]北京大学物理系《铁磁学》编写组.铁磁学[M].北京：科学出版社,1976：30-45
[26]宛德福,马兴隆.磁性物理学(修订版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1999：35-42
[27]戴道生,钱昆明.铁磁学[M].北京：科学出版社,1992：10-50
[28]李荫远,李国栋.铁氧体物理[M].北京：科学出版社,1978：35-62
[29]田民波.磁性材料[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.28-54
[30]王会宗.磁性材料及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1989：12-48
[31]席国喜,张存芳.锰锌铁氧体改性研究进展[J].陶瓷科学与艺术,2005,(4)：29-31
[32]张友刚,黄永杰,罗迪民.磁性材料[M].成都：成都电讯工程学院出版社,1988
[33]Roess E. Manufacturing proplems and quality assuracne in the production of soft ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1984,86:576-579
[34]何水校.软磁铁氧体材料的应用与市场[J].磁性材料及器件,1997,29(1)：44-47
[35]何玉平,胡国光,尹萍.用精铁矿粉制备功率软磁MnZn铁氧体的初步研究[J].安徽大学学报,2001,25(2)：52-58
[36]Zenger M., Bogs M., Lucke R., et al. High quality ferrite production[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1995,74(8):77-81
[37]Shenoy S.D., Joy P.A. Effect of mechanical milling on the structural magnetic and dielectric properties of coprecipitated ultrafine Zinc ferrite[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2004,269(2):217-226
[38]Blums E., Maiorov M.M., Kronkalns G. Thermomagnetic properties of ferrofluids containing chemically coprecipitated Mn-Zn ferrite particles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1993,29(6):3267-3269
[39]Zins D., Nakatsuka K., Gendron F., et al. Evidence of reentrant behavior in nanoparticle of ferrite in ferrite fluids[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1999, 201(1-3):84-87
[40]禹长清,张武.共沉淀法制备超细Mn-Zn铁氧体前驱粉末[J].中国锰业,2000,18(3)：37-38
[41]郑昌琼,冉均国,杨云志,等.草酸盐共沉淀法制取优质锰细铁氧体粉末的热力学分析[J].稀有金属,1997,2(13)：101-104
[42]李强,李春,何惠良,等.软磁材料Mn-Zn铁氧体共沉淀粉末的研制[J].四川联合大学学报,1997,1(5)：23
[43]王长振,谭维,周甘宇,等.Mn-Zn铁氧体粉制备技术综述[J],中国锰业,2002,20(3)：37-41
[44]Rath C., Sahu K.K., Anand S., et al. Preparation and characterization of nanosize Mn-Zn ferrite[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1999,202(1):77-84
[45]桑商斌,古映莹,黄可龙.锰锌铁氧体纳米晶的水热法制备及热动力学研究[J].功能材料,2001,32(1)：27-29
[46]王秉济,马桂英.溶胶—凝胶法合成PLZT微细粉末[J].硅酸盐学报,1994,22(1)：57-63
[47]李建,刘存业,姚永尔.用湿化学法制备LaAlO3微粒的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,1994,22(5)：504-508
[48]丁子上,翁文剑.溶胶-凝胶技术制备材料的进展[J].硅酸盐学报,1993,21(5)：443-450
[49]李晓娥,王训,邓红,等.透明超细二氧化钛的制备[J].无机盐工业,2000,32(5)：5-6
[50]苏毅,胡亮,杨亚玲.溶胶—凝胶法合成钛酸钡超细粉体工艺研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2000,8(3)：84-87
[51]李东风,贾振斌,魏雨.尖晶石型软磁铁氧体纳米材料的制备方法研究进展[J].电子元件与材料,2003,22(6)：37-40
[52]张伟南,陈栋华.草酸盐在无机功能材料中的应用[J].中南民族大学学报,2004,23(2)：29-32
[53]熊纲,杨绪杰,陆路德,等.纳米晶铁酸锌和铁酸镧的合成与表征[J].无机材料学报,1998,13(4)：613-618
[54]姚志强,王琴,钟炳.超临界流体干燥法制备Mn-Zn铁氧体超细粉末[J].磁性材料及器件,1998,29(1)：6-9
[55]刘辉,魏雨,张岩峰,等.纳米铁酸盐的制备研究低温催化相转化合成纳米铁酸锌及 表征[J].无机材料学报,2002,17(1)：56-60
[56]王通国,蒋晓虎,张继忠,等.高性能锰锌铁氧体材料制备新工艺[J].四川有色金属,2006,(1)：10-11
[57]Yu Z., Sun K., Li L.Z., et al. Influence of Bi2O3 on microstructure and magnetic properties of MnZn ferrite[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2008, 320(6):919-923
[58]Nie J.H., Li H.H., Feng Z.K., et al. The effect of nano-SiO2 on the magnetic properties of the low powder loss manganese-Zinc ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,265(2):172-175
[59]Huang A.P., He H.H., Feng Z.K. Effects of SnO2 addition on the magnetic properties of manganese Zinc ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,301(2): 331-335
[60]Zaspalis V.T., Antoniadis E., Papazoglou E. The effect of Nb2O5 dopant on the structural magnetic properties of MnZn-ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2002,250:98-109
[61]Jeong G.M., Choi J., Kim S.S. Abnormal grain growth and magnetic loss in Mn-Zn fettites containing CaO and SiO2[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2000,36(5): 3405-3407
[62]黄刚.高性能功率铁氧体材料的配方和烧结工艺[J].电子元件与材料,2006,25(6)：6-9
[63]Ott G, Wrba J., Lucke R. Recent developments of Mn-Zn ferrites for high permeability applications [J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,254-255:535-537
[64]Nikolov J., Dragieva I., Georgiev G, et al. Monocrystal Mn-Zn ferrite and its appication in magnetic heads[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1991,101(1-3): 137-139
[65]孙科,兰中文,余忠.MnZn功率铁氧体的研究进展[J].磁性材料及器件,2005,36(6)：17-21
[66]余忠,兰中文.MnZn铁氧体研究进展[J].材料导报,2005,19(4)：101-104
[67]顾建成.高磁导率软磁铁氧体材料研制动向[J].磁性材料及器件,1994,25(1)：7-11
[68]刘志勇,刘九皋,包大新.高磁导率锰锌铁氧体材料新进展[J].新材料产业,2005,(12)：11-15
[69]Yue Z. X., Chen S. F., Qi X.W., et al. Preparation and electromagnetic properties of low temperature sintered ferroelectric-ferrite composite ceramics[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2004,375(1-2):243-248
[70]胡效敏.热敏MnZn铁氧体材料[J].磁性材料及器件,1985,16(2)：28-31
[71]王银海,莫茂松,邵名望,等.纳米晶的制备与湿敏性研究[J],功能材料,2002,33(2)：198-199
[72]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料学[M].沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社,1994：1-50
[73]武利民.纳米材料在涂料中的应用[J].材料导报,2001,15(4)：51-53
[74]张立德.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：1-35
[75]宛德福,马兴隆.磁性物理学[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1994：9-65
[76]曲远方.功能陶瓷及应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003：230-249
[77]Murphy P.J., Posner A.M., Quirk J.P. Chemistry of iron in soils[J]. Aust. J.Soil Res,1975, 13:189-201
[78]MurpHy P.J., Posner A.M. and Quirk J.P. Characterization of partially neutralized ferric chloride solutions[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,1976,56(2):284-297
[79]Bigham J.M., Schwertmann U., Carlson L., et al. A poorly crystallized oxyhydroxy sulfate of iron formed by bacterial oxidation of Fe(Ⅱ) in acid mine waters. Geochim. Cosmochim[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1990,54(10):2743-2758
[80]Ishikawa T., Yasukawa A., Kandori K. Textures of Tetradecahedron δ-FeOOH Particles and Their Thermal Decomposition Products[J]. Chem.Soc.Faraday Trans.,1994,90(17): 2567-2571
[81]Tamaura Y., Ito K., Katsura T., Transformation of y-FeOOH to Fe3O4 by adsorption of iron(II) ion on y-FeO(OH) [J]. Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans.,1983:189-194
[82]Misawa T., Hashimoto K., Setaka W., et al. The study of the Fe2+ effect in acidity solution[J]. Inorg.Nucl.Chem.,1973,35:4167
[83]梁文平.乳状液科学与技术基础[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：105-108
[84]方以坤.用溶胶-凝胶法制备低温度系数和低矫顽力的MnZn铁氧体[D].合肥：安徽大学,2002
[85]徐光宪,王祥云.物质结构(第二版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1987：519
[86]蒋成保.定向凝固Tb0.3Dy0.7(FeM)1.9超磁致伸缩合金的组织和性能[D].北京：北京科技大学,1996
[87]王敬华.稀土大磁致伸缩材料的研究[D].北京：中国科学院物理研究所,1996
[88]王文洪.NiMnGa合金的结构、磁性和单晶应用功能的研究[D].北京：中国科学院物理研究所,2002
[89]唐成春.Ce基Laves相化合物的磁性和磁致伸缩[D].北京：中国科学院物理研究所,1998
[90]郭志军.稀土过渡金属化合物磁致伸缩和混合价态[D].沈阳：中国科学院金属研究,2001
[91]Bigham J.M., Schwertmann U., Carlson L., et al. A poorly crystallized oxyhydroxy sulfate of iron formed by bacterial oxidation of Fe(Ⅱ)in acid mine waters Geochim Cosmochim[J]. Acta.,1990,54:2743-2758
[92]Fischer W.R., Schwertmann U. The formation of hematite from amorphous iron(Ⅲ) hydroxide[J]. Clays Clay Miner.,1975,23(11):33-37
[93]Tronc E., Belleville P., Jolivet J.P., et al. Transformation of ferric hydroxide into spinel by Fe(Ⅱ) adsorption[J]. Langmuir,1992,8(1):313-319
[94]Andreeva D., Mitov I., Tabakova T., et al. Influence of iron(Ⅱ) on the transformation of ferrihydrite into goethite in acid medium[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics,1995, 41(2):146-149
[95]Liao S.C., ChenY.J., Kear B.H., et al. High pressure low temperature sintering of nanocrystalline alumina[J].Journal of Nanostructure Materials,1998,10(6):1063-1079
[96]李东风,张东婷,贾振斌,等.液相制备纳米级锰锌软磁铁氧体粉体的新方法-氧化-共沉淀相转化法[J].电子元件与材料,2003,22(8)：31-34
[97]Xuan Y. M., Li Q., Yang G. Synthesis and magnetic properties of Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2007,312(2):464-469
[98]杨华明,宋晓岚,金胜明.新型无机材料[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005：122-159
[99]赵大庆,杨锋.纳米材料团聚研究[A].机械工程学会.面向21世纪的生产工程—2001“面向21世纪的生产工程”学术会议暨企业生产与产品创新专题研讨会论文集[C].北京：机械工业出版社,2001：374-377
[100]徐国财,张立德.纳米复合材料[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002：32-41
[101]李凤生.超细粉体技术[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2000：277-288
[102]Subero J., Ning Z., Ghadir M., et al. Effect of interface energy on the impact strength of agglomerates[J]. Powder Technology,1999,105(1-3):66-73
[103]李涛.影响纳米陶瓷性能因素分析[J].佛山陶瓷,2003,82(11)：4-7.
[104]Singhal A., Skandan G. On nanoparticle aggregation during vapor phase synthesis[J]. Nanostructured Materials,1999,11(4):545-552.
[105]Cammarata R.C. Surface and interface stress effects on interfacial and nanostructured materials[J]. Materials Science and Engineering,1999, A237(2):180-184
[106]Montanaro L., Tulliani J.M., Perrrot C., et al. Sintering of industrial mullites[J]. Journal of The European Ceramic Society,1997,17(14):1715-1723
[107]Scherer GW., Drying G.I. General theory[J]. J NanoCryst, Solids,1986,87(1-2): 199-225
[108]李葵英.界面与胶体的物理化学[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998：183-197
[109]张立德,牟秀美.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：97-101
[110]Zhou Rongcan, Chen Yuanzi, Liang Yong, et al. Dispersion behavior of laser-synthesized Si3N4 nanopowders in N-N-dimethylformamide[J]. Ceramic International,2002,28(7):705-709
[111]SugimatoT. Preparation of monodispersed colloidal particles[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,1987,28:65-108
[112]罗电宏,马荣骏.对超细粉末团聚问题的探讨[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China,2002, 21(2):57-61
[113]Tang Fengqiu, Huang Xiaoxian, Zhang Yufeng et al. Effect of dispersants on surface chemical properties of nano-zirconia suspensions[J]. Ceramics International,2000,26(1): 93-97
[114]Carlos A., Guti errez., Rodrigo Moreno. Influence of slip preparation and casting conditions on aqueous tape casting of Al2O3[J]. Materials Research Bulletin,2001,36(11): 2059-2072.
[115]Leda Maria, Garcia dos Santosd, Antonio Gouveia de Souzab. Rheological properties of tin oxide suspensions[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2002,22(8): 1297-1306
[116]Tang Fengqiu, Yu Ling, Huang Xiaoxian, et al. Characterization of adsorption and distribution of polyelectrolyte on stability of nano-zirconia suspensions by auger electron spectroscopy [J]. Nanostructured Materials,1999,11(4):441-450
[117]Hyo Soon Shin, Suk Kee Lee, Byung Kyo Lee. Aggregate and necking force in Mn-Zn ferrite[J]. Materials Letters,2003,57(8):1467-1470
[118]Luan W.L., Gao L., Guo J.K. Study on drying stage of nanoscale powder preparation[J]. Nanostructured Materials,1998,10(7):1119-1125
[119]Tang Fengqiu, Huang Xiaoxian, Zhang Yufeng, et al. Effect of dispersants on surface chemical properties of nano-zirconia suspensions [J]. Ceramics International,2000,26(1): 93-97
[120]Carlos A., Gutie R., Rodrigo M. Influence of slip preparation and casting conditions on aqueous tape casting of Al2O3[J]. Materials Research Bulletin,2001,36(11):2059-2072
[121]Leda Maria, Garcia dos Santosd, Antonio Gouveia de Souzab. Rheological properties of tin oxide suspensions[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2002,22(8): 1297-1306
[122]Chibowski S., Paszkiewicz M., Krupa M. Investigation of the influence of the polyvinyl alcohol adsorption on the electrical properties of Al2O3-solution interface, thickness of the adsorption layers of PVA[J]. Powder Technol.,2000,107(3):251-255.
[123]Reihs T., Muller M., Lunkwitzk. Deposition of polylelectrolyte complex nano-particles at surfaces characterized by ATR-FITR and SEM[J]. Colloids Surface A.,2003,212(1): 79-95.
[124]张立德,牟秀美.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.97-101.
[125]Subrt J., Stengl V. Preparation of acicular α-Fe2O3 (haematite) [J]. Journal of Materials Science Letters,1993,12(11):836-838
[126]余忠,兰中文,王京梅,等.溶胶-凝胶法制备Mn-Zn铁氧体粉体[J].功能材料,2000,31(增刊)：34-35
[127]刘宜华,岳龙强,徐丽,等.La-Gd-Ca-Mn-O的磁性、电阻和磁电阻效应[J].材料科学与工程,2001,19(1)：17-20
[128]陈亚杰,朱永第.Nd203掺杂对NiZn铁氧体电磁性能的影响[J].磁性材料与器件.1998：29(5)：36-39
[129]Brusentsova T.N., Brusentsov N.A., Kuznetsov V.D. Synthesis and investigation of magnetic property of Gd-substituted Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles as a potential low-Tc agent for magnetic fluid hyperthermia[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2005,311(2):545-554
[2]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：20-50
[3]陆明岳.MnZn铁氧体最新进展及其发展趋势[J].磁性材料及器件,2001,32(5)：27-33
[4]陈国华.21世纪软磁铁氧体材料和元件发展趋势[J].磁性材料及器件,2001,32(4)：34-36
[5]何水校.锰锌铁氧体材料的未来发展动向[J].磁性材料及器件,2001,32(6)：27-30
[6]张怀武,石玉,贾利军.IT及家电业用高新软磁材料及元器件发展走势[J].世界产品与技术/ECN,2002(6)：16-19
[7]Luo P., Nieht G., Schwartza J., et al. Surface characterization of nanostructured metal and ceramic particles[J]. Materials Science Engineering A,1995,204(1-2):59-64
[8]姚礼华.我国Mn-Zn铁氧体的现状及发展前景[J].新材料产业,2004,(9)：41-44
[9]都有为.纳米磁性材料及其应用[J].中国高校科技与产业化,2001,15(7)：6-8
[10]Lu J.W. Application and analysis of adustable profile high frequency with mode transformer having a U-shaped winding structure[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998,34(4):1345-1347
[11]Stoppels D. Developments in soft magnetic power ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1996,160:323-328
[12]Takadate K., Yamamoto Y., Makino A., et al. Fine grained MnZn ferrites in the high driving[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,1998,83(11):6861-6863
[13]Sugimoto M. The past, present, and future of ferrites[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1999,82(2):269-280
[14]陈国华.21世纪软磁铁氧体材料和元件发展趋势[J].磁性材料与器件,2001,32(4)：34-36
[15]周志刚.铁氧体磁性材料[M].北京：科学出版社,1978：31-50
[16]Kulkarni R.G., Patil V.U. Magnetic ordering in Cu-Zn ferrites[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2004,17(3):843-848
[17]都有为.磁性材料进展[J].物理,2000,29(6)：323-332
[18]Smit S., Wijn H. P. J. Ferrites[M]. Holland:Eindhoven,1959:15-20
[19]Martha P.H. Microwave applications of soft ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2000,215-216(2):171-183
[20]Takada T., Kiyama M. Preparation of ferrites by wet method[J]. Proc. ICF,1970(1):69
[21]Ohta K. Kobayshi N. Magnetostriction constants of Mn-Zn-Fe ferrites[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1964(3):576
[22]Roess E. Magnetic properties and microstructure ferrites[J]. Proc., ICF.,1970(1):203
[23]Tokarz W., Przybylshi K. Preparation and magnetic properties of MgZn and MnZn ferrites[J], Phycica C:Superconductivity,2003,387(1-2):290-294
[24]周志刚.铁氧体磁性材料[M].北京：科学出版社,1981：43-52
[25]北京大学物理系《铁磁学》编写组.铁磁学[M].北京：科学出版社,1976：30-45
[26]宛德福,马兴隆.磁性物理学(修订版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1999：35-42
[27]戴道生,钱昆明.铁磁学[M].北京：科学出版社,1992：10-50
[28]李荫远,李国栋.铁氧体物理[M].北京：科学出版社,1978：35-62
[29]田民波.磁性材料[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.28-54
[30]王会宗.磁性材料及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1989：12-48
[31]席国喜,张存芳.锰锌铁氧体改性研究进展[J].陶瓷科学与艺术,2005,(4)：29-31
[32]张友刚,黄永杰,罗迪民.磁性材料[M].成都：成都电讯工程学院出版社,1988
[33]Roess E. Manufacturing proplems and quality assuracne in the production of soft ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1984,86:576-579
[34]何水校.软磁铁氧体材料的应用与市场[J].磁性材料及器件,1997,29(1)：44-47
[35]何玉平,胡国光,尹萍.用精铁矿粉制备功率软磁MnZn铁氧体的初步研究[J].安徽大学学报,2001,25(2)：52-58
[36]Zenger M., Bogs M., Lucke R., et al. High quality ferrite production[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1995,74(8):77-81
[37]Shenoy S.D., Joy P.A. Effect of mechanical milling on the structural magnetic and dielectric properties of coprecipitated ultrafine Zinc ferrite[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2004,269(2):217-226
[38]Blums E., Maiorov M.M., Kronkalns G. Thermomagnetic properties of ferrofluids containing chemically coprecipitated Mn-Zn ferrite particles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1993,29(6):3267-3269
[39]Zins D., Nakatsuka K., Gendron F., et al. Evidence of reentrant behavior in nanoparticle of ferrite in ferrite fluids[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1999, 201(1-3):84-87
[40]禹长清,张武.共沉淀法制备超细Mn-Zn铁氧体前驱粉末[J].中国锰业,2000,18(3)：37-38
[41]郑昌琼,冉均国,杨云志,等.草酸盐共沉淀法制取优质锰细铁氧体粉末的热力学分析[J].稀有金属,1997,2(13)：101-104
[42]李强,李春,何惠良,等.软磁材料Mn-Zn铁氧体共沉淀粉末的研制[J].四川联合大学学报,1997,1(5)：23
[43]王长振,谭维,周甘宇,等.Mn-Zn铁氧体粉制备技术综述[J],中国锰业,2002,20(3)：37-41
[44]Rath C., Sahu K.K., Anand S., et al. Preparation and characterization of nanosize Mn-Zn ferrite[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1999,202(1):77-84
[45]桑商斌,古映莹,黄可龙.锰锌铁氧体纳米晶的水热法制备及热动力学研究[J].功能材料,2001,32(1)：27-29
[46]王秉济,马桂英.溶胶—凝胶法合成PLZT微细粉末[J].硅酸盐学报,1994,22(1)：57-63
[47]李建,刘存业,姚永尔.用湿化学法制备LaAlO3微粒的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,1994,22(5)：504-508
[48]丁子上,翁文剑.溶胶-凝胶技术制备材料的进展[J].硅酸盐学报,1993,21(5)：443-450
[49]李晓娥,王训,邓红,等.透明超细二氧化钛的制备[J].无机盐工业,2000,32(5)：5-6
[50]苏毅,胡亮,杨亚玲.溶胶—凝胶法合成钛酸钡超细粉体工艺研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2000,8(3)：84-87
[51]李东风,贾振斌,魏雨.尖晶石型软磁铁氧体纳米材料的制备方法研究进展[J].电子元件与材料,2003,22(6)：37-40
[52]张伟南,陈栋华.草酸盐在无机功能材料中的应用[J].中南民族大学学报,2004,23(2)：29-32
[53]熊纲,杨绪杰,陆路德,等.纳米晶铁酸锌和铁酸镧的合成与表征[J].无机材料学报,1998,13(4)：613-618
[54]姚志强,王琴,钟炳.超临界流体干燥法制备Mn-Zn铁氧体超细粉末[J].磁性材料及器件,1998,29(1)：6-9
[55]刘辉,魏雨,张岩峰,等.纳米铁酸盐的制备研究低温催化相转化合成纳米铁酸锌及 表征[J].无机材料学报,2002,17(1)：56-60
[56]王通国,蒋晓虎,张继忠,等.高性能锰锌铁氧体材料制备新工艺[J].四川有色金属,2006,(1)：10-11
[57]Yu Z., Sun K., Li L.Z., et al. Influence of Bi2O3 on microstructure and magnetic properties of MnZn ferrite[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2008, 320(6):919-923
[58]Nie J.H., Li H.H., Feng Z.K., et al. The effect of nano-SiO2 on the magnetic properties of the low powder loss manganese-Zinc ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,265(2):172-175
[59]Huang A.P., He H.H., Feng Z.K. Effects of SnO2 addition on the magnetic properties of manganese Zinc ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2006,301(2): 331-335
[60]Zaspalis V.T., Antoniadis E., Papazoglou E. The effect of Nb2O5 dopant on the structural magnetic properties of MnZn-ferrites[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2002,250:98-109
[61]Jeong G.M., Choi J., Kim S.S. Abnormal grain growth and magnetic loss in Mn-Zn fettites containing CaO and SiO2[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2000,36(5): 3405-3407
[62]黄刚.高性能功率铁氧体材料的配方和烧结工艺[J].电子元件与材料,2006,25(6)：6-9
[63]Ott G, Wrba J., Lucke R. Recent developments of Mn-Zn ferrites for high permeability applications [J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2003,254-255:535-537
[64]Nikolov J., Dragieva I., Georgiev G, et al. Monocrystal Mn-Zn ferrite and its appication in magnetic heads[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1991,101(1-3): 137-139
[65]孙科,兰中文,余忠.MnZn功率铁氧体的研究进展[J].磁性材料及器件,2005,36(6)：17-21
[66]余忠,兰中文.MnZn铁氧体研究进展[J].材料导报,2005,19(4)：101-104
[67]顾建成.高磁导率软磁铁氧体材料研制动向[J].磁性材料及器件,1994,25(1)：7-11
[68]刘志勇,刘九皋,包大新.高磁导率锰锌铁氧体材料新进展[J].新材料产业,2005,(12)：11-15
[69]Yue Z. X., Chen S. F., Qi X.W., et al. Preparation and electromagnetic properties of low temperature sintered ferroelectric-ferrite composite ceramics[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2004,375(1-2):243-248
[70]胡效敏.热敏MnZn铁氧体材料[J].磁性材料及器件,1985,16(2)：28-31
[71]王银海,莫茂松,邵名望,等.纳米晶的制备与湿敏性研究[J],功能材料,2002,33(2)：198-199
[72]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料学[M].沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社,1994：1-50
[73]武利民.纳米材料在涂料中的应用[J].材料导报,2001,15(4)：51-53
[74]张立德.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：1-35
[75]宛德福,马兴隆.磁性物理学[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1994：9-65
[76]曲远方.功能陶瓷及应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003：230-249
[77]Murphy P.J., Posner A.M., Quirk J.P. Chemistry of iron in soils[J]. Aust. J.Soil Res,1975, 13:189-201
[78]MurpHy P.J., Posner A.M. and Quirk J.P. Characterization of partially neutralized ferric chloride solutions[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,1976,56(2):284-297
[79]Bigham J.M., Schwertmann U., Carlson L., et al. A poorly crystallized oxyhydroxy sulfate of iron formed by bacterial oxidation of Fe(Ⅱ) in acid mine waters. Geochim. Cosmochim[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1990,54(10):2743-2758
[80]Ishikawa T., Yasukawa A., Kandori K. Textures of Tetradecahedron δ-FeOOH Particles and Their Thermal Decomposition Products[J]. Chem.Soc.Faraday Trans.,1994,90(17): 2567-2571
[81]Tamaura Y., Ito K., Katsura T., Transformation of y-FeOOH to Fe3O4 by adsorption of iron(II) ion on y-FeO(OH) [J]. Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans.,1983:189-194
[82]Misawa T., Hashimoto K., Setaka W., et al. The study of the Fe2+ effect in acidity solution[J]. Inorg.Nucl.Chem.,1973,35:4167
[83]梁文平.乳状液科学与技术基础[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：105-108
[84]方以坤.用溶胶-凝胶法制备低温度系数和低矫顽力的MnZn铁氧体[D].合肥：安徽大学,2002
[85]徐光宪,王祥云.物质结构(第二版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1987：519
[86]蒋成保.定向凝固Tb0.3Dy0.7(FeM)1.9超磁致伸缩合金的组织和性能[D].北京：北京科技大学,1996
[87]王敬华.稀土大磁致伸缩材料的研究[D].北京：中国科学院物理研究所,1996
[88]王文洪.NiMnGa合金的结构、磁性和单晶应用功能的研究[D].北京：中国科学院物理研究所,2002
[89]唐成春.Ce基Laves相化合物的磁性和磁致伸缩[D].北京：中国科学院物理研究所,1998
[90]郭志军.稀土过渡金属化合物磁致伸缩和混合价态[D].沈阳：中国科学院金属研究,2001
[91]Bigham J.M., Schwertmann U., Carlson L., et al. A poorly crystallized oxyhydroxy sulfate of iron formed by bacterial oxidation of Fe(Ⅱ)in acid mine waters Geochim Cosmochim[J]. Acta.,1990,54:2743-2758
[92]Fischer W.R., Schwertmann U. The formation of hematite from amorphous iron(Ⅲ) hydroxide[J]. Clays Clay Miner.,1975,23(11):33-37
[93]Tronc E., Belleville P., Jolivet J.P., et al. Transformation of ferric hydroxide into spinel by Fe(Ⅱ) adsorption[J]. Langmuir,1992,8(1):313-319
[94]Andreeva D., Mitov I., Tabakova T., et al. Influence of iron(Ⅱ) on the transformation of ferrihydrite into goethite in acid medium[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics,1995, 41(2):146-149
[95]Liao S.C., ChenY.J., Kear B.H., et al. High pressure low temperature sintering of nanocrystalline alumina[J].Journal of Nanostructure Materials,1998,10(6):1063-1079
[96]李东风,张东婷,贾振斌,等.液相制备纳米级锰锌软磁铁氧体粉体的新方法-氧化-共沉淀相转化法[J].电子元件与材料,2003,22(8)：31-34
[97]Xuan Y. M., Li Q., Yang G. Synthesis and magnetic properties of Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2007,312(2):464-469
[98]杨华明,宋晓岚,金胜明.新型无机材料[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005：122-159
[99]赵大庆,杨锋.纳米材料团聚研究[A].机械工程学会.面向21世纪的生产工程—2001“面向21世纪的生产工程”学术会议暨企业生产与产品创新专题研讨会论文集[C].北京：机械工业出版社,2001：374-377
[100]徐国财,张立德.纳米复合材料[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002：32-41
[101]李凤生.超细粉体技术[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2000：277-288
[102]Subero J., Ning Z., Ghadir M., et al. Effect of interface energy on the impact strength of agglomerates[J]. Powder Technology,1999,105(1-3):66-73
[103]李涛.影响纳米陶瓷性能因素分析[J].佛山陶瓷,2003,82(11)：4-7.
[104]Singhal A., Skandan G. On nanoparticle aggregation during vapor phase synthesis[J]. Nanostructured Materials,1999,11(4):545-552.
[105]Cammarata R.C. Surface and interface stress effects on interfacial and nanostructured materials[J]. Materials Science and Engineering,1999, A237(2):180-184
[106]Montanaro L., Tulliani J.M., Perrrot C., et al. Sintering of industrial mullites[J]. Journal of The European Ceramic Society,1997,17(14):1715-1723
[107]Scherer GW., Drying G.I. General theory[J]. J NanoCryst, Solids,1986,87(1-2): 199-225
[108]李葵英.界面与胶体的物理化学[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998：183-197
[109]张立德,牟秀美.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：97-101
[110]Zhou Rongcan, Chen Yuanzi, Liang Yong, et al. Dispersion behavior of laser-synthesized Si3N4 nanopowders in N-N-dimethylformamide[J]. Ceramic International,2002,28(7):705-709
[111]SugimatoT. Preparation of monodispersed colloidal particles[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,1987,28:65-108
[112]罗电宏,马荣骏.对超细粉末团聚问题的探讨[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China,2002, 21(2):57-61
[113]Tang Fengqiu, Huang Xiaoxian, Zhang Yufeng et al. Effect of dispersants on surface chemical properties of nano-zirconia suspensions[J]. Ceramics International,2000,26(1): 93-97
[114]Carlos A., Guti errez., Rodrigo Moreno. Influence of slip preparation and casting conditions on aqueous tape casting of Al2O3[J]. Materials Research Bulletin,2001,36(11): 2059-2072.
[115]Leda Maria, Garcia dos Santosd, Antonio Gouveia de Souzab. Rheological properties of tin oxide suspensions[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2002,22(8): 1297-1306
[116]Tang Fengqiu, Yu Ling, Huang Xiaoxian, et al. Characterization of adsorption and distribution of polyelectrolyte on stability of nano-zirconia suspensions by auger electron spectroscopy [J]. Nanostructured Materials,1999,11(4):441-450
[117]Hyo Soon Shin, Suk Kee Lee, Byung Kyo Lee. Aggregate and necking force in Mn-Zn ferrite[J]. Materials Letters,2003,57(8):1467-1470
[118]Luan W.L., Gao L., Guo J.K. Study on drying stage of nanoscale powder preparation[J]. Nanostructured Materials,1998,10(7):1119-1125
[119]Tang Fengqiu, Huang Xiaoxian, Zhang Yufeng, et al. Effect of dispersants on surface chemical properties of nano-zirconia suspensions [J]. Ceramics International,2000,26(1): 93-97
[120]Carlos A., Gutie R., Rodrigo M. Influence of slip preparation and casting conditions on aqueous tape casting of Al2O3[J]. Materials Research Bulletin,2001,36(11):2059-2072
[121]Leda Maria, Garcia dos Santosd, Antonio Gouveia de Souzab. Rheological properties of tin oxide suspensions[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2002,22(8): 1297-1306
[122]Chibowski S., Paszkiewicz M., Krupa M. Investigation of the influence of the polyvinyl alcohol adsorption on the electrical properties of Al2O3-solution interface, thickness of the adsorption layers of PVA[J]. Powder Technol.,2000,107(3):251-255.
[123]Reihs T., Muller M., Lunkwitzk. Deposition of polylelectrolyte complex nano-particles at surfaces characterized by ATR-FITR and SEM[J]. Colloids Surface A.,2003,212(1): 79-95.
[124]张立德,牟秀美.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.97-101.
[125]Subrt J., Stengl V. Preparation of acicular α-Fe2O3 (haematite) [J]. Journal of Materials Science Letters,1993,12(11):836-838
[126]余忠,兰中文,王京梅,等.溶胶-凝胶法制备Mn-Zn铁氧体粉体[J].功能材料,2000,31(增刊)：34-35
[127]刘宜华,岳龙强,徐丽,等.La-Gd-Ca-Mn-O的磁性、电阻和磁电阻效应[J].材料科学与工程,2001,19(1)：17-20
[128]陈亚杰,朱永第.Nd203掺杂对NiZn铁氧体电磁性能的影响[J].磁性材料与器件.1998：29(5)：36-39
[129]Brusentsova T.N., Brusentsov N.A., Kuznetsov V.D. Synthesis and investigation of magnetic property of Gd-substituted Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles as a potential low-Tc agent for magnetic fluid hyperthermia[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2005,311(2):545-554