三相状态估计中不良数据检测与辨识的研究
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摘要
本文着重分析了配电网状态估计中的不良数据检测与辨识的问题。
本文的主要内容如下：首先，介绍了配电系统自动化（DSA）及其发展以
及配电网状态估计的作用。并对配电网状态估计的研究现状和常用不良数据
的检测与辨识方法进行了描述。
其次，对三相系统的量测设置，分解雅可比三相状态估计算法和伪量测
权值的选取进行了阐述。
在此基础上，文章先对不良数据的检测与辨识问题进行了阐述，介绍了
常用的一些算法。并提出了两种可行的三相状态估计中不良数据辨识的基本
算法。首先采用模糊聚类分析中的迭代自组织数据分析技术（Iterative Self-
Organizing Data Analysis Technique A），提出了改进ISODATA不良数据辨识
法；其次，提出了递推不良数据辨识法。前者算法结构简单，便于编程实现，
且计算速度快，主要适用于规模较小的系统；后者算法结构较前者复杂，程
序实现困难，但由于采用了稀疏矩阵技术，并用递推法修正因子表，所以可
以应用于规模较大的系统。
本文用MATLAB构成了仿真系统，用C语言编制基本状态估计计算程
序。仿真结果表明这两种算法是高效、可靠的。
最后，得到了配电网络不良数据检测与辨识的若干结论。
ABSTRACT
The problem about bad data detection and identification in distribution system state estimation is focused in this thesis.
Firstly, the development of distribution system automation and the function of distribution system state estimation are discussed. Present status of the distribution system state estimation, and methods of bad data detection and identification are surveyed here.
Secondly, measuring arrangement in three-phase distribution systems, decomposing Jacobian matrix algorithms and how to choose pseudo-measurement weight are discussed.
After this, two kinds of algorithms are proposed in this thesis. Both of them are based on a decomposing Jacobian matrix algorithm.
The first algorithm uses an iterative self-organizing data analysis technique and fuzzy clustering analysis theory. It is fast, simple and easy for programming, but more suitable for small system. The second one is a recursive algorithm. This one is complicated than the former. By using sparsity matrix technique and recursion, it can also be used in the larger system.
The simulation system is constituted with MATLAB and the programs are formed with C language. The results of simulation denote that they are efficient and reliable.
Lastly, several conclusions on bad data detection and identification for distribution system are given.
本文的主要内容如下：首先，介绍了配电系统自动化（DSA）及其发展以
及配电网状态估计的作用。并对配电网状态估计的研究现状和常用不良数据
的检测与辨识方法进行了描述。
其次，对三相系统的量测设置，分解雅可比三相状态估计算法和伪量测
权值的选取进行了阐述。
在此基础上，文章先对不良数据的检测与辨识问题进行了阐述，介绍了
常用的一些算法。并提出了两种可行的三相状态估计中不良数据辨识的基本
算法。首先采用模糊聚类分析中的迭代自组织数据分析技术（Iterative Self-
Organizing Data Analysis Technique A），提出了改进ISODATA不良数据辨识
法；其次，提出了递推不良数据辨识法。前者算法结构简单，便于编程实现，
且计算速度快，主要适用于规模较小的系统；后者算法结构较前者复杂，程
序实现困难，但由于采用了稀疏矩阵技术，并用递推法修正因子表，所以可
以应用于规模较大的系统。
本文用MATLAB构成了仿真系统，用C语言编制基本状态估计计算程
序。仿真结果表明这两种算法是高效、可靠的。
最后，得到了配电网络不良数据检测与辨识的若干结论。
ABSTRACT
The problem about bad data detection and identification in distribution system state estimation is focused in this thesis.
Firstly, the development of distribution system automation and the function of distribution system state estimation are discussed. Present status of the distribution system state estimation, and methods of bad data detection and identification are surveyed here.
Secondly, measuring arrangement in three-phase distribution systems, decomposing Jacobian matrix algorithms and how to choose pseudo-measurement weight are discussed.
After this, two kinds of algorithms are proposed in this thesis. Both of them are based on a decomposing Jacobian matrix algorithm.
The first algorithm uses an iterative self-organizing data analysis technique and fuzzy clustering analysis theory. It is fast, simple and easy for programming, but more suitable for small system. The second one is a recursive algorithm. This one is complicated than the former. By using sparsity matrix technique and recursion, it can also be used in the larger system.
The simulation system is constituted with MATLAB and the programs are formed with C language. The results of simulation denote that they are efficient and reliable.
Lastly, several conclusions on bad data detection and identification for distribution system are given.
引文
1．王明俊．于尔铿．刘广一．配电系统自动化及其发展．北京．中国电力出版社．1998
2. Baran M E, Kelley A W. State Estimation for Real Time Monitoring of Distribution Systems. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1994,9(3)
3. Roytelman I, Shhidehpowe S M. State Estimation for Electric Power Systems Distribution in Quasi Real Time Conditions. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 1993,8(4)
4. E.Handschin, F.C.Schweppe, J, Kohlas and A.Fiechter, Bad Data Analysis for Power System State Estimation, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1975, PAS-94(2), 329-337
5．杜鹏伟．配电网状态估计并行算法：[硕士学位论文]．南京：东南大学电气工程系，2000
6. F.C.Schweppe, J.Wildes, D.B.Rom, Power System Static-State Estimation, IEEE Transaction, PAS 1970, 89 (1), 120-135
7. R.E.Larson, W.F. Tinney, J.Peachon, L.P. Hadu, D.S.Piercy, State Estimation in Power Systems, IEEE Transaciton, Pas 1970, 89(1), 345-363
8. A.S.Debs, R. E.Larson, Dynamic Estimation of Tracking the State of a Power System, IEEE Transaciton, Pas 1970, 89(2), 1670-1678,
9. F.C.Schweppe, E.J.Handschin Static State Estimation in Electric Power Systems, Proc. IEEE 1974, 62(2), 972-982
10. C.W. Hansen, A.S.Debs, Power System State Estimation Using Three-phase models, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1993,10(2)
11. Artish K.Ghosh, David L. Lubkeman, Robert H.Jones, Load Modeling for Distribution Circuit State Estimation, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1997,12(2)
12. W.M.Lin J.H.Teng, Distribution Fast Coupled State Estimation by Measurement Pairing, IEE Proc-Genner Trans & Distrib, 1996,143 (1)
13. Mesut E.Baran, Arthur W. Kelley, A Branch-Current-Based State Estimation Method for Distribution Systems, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1995,10(1)
14. C.N.Lu, J.H.Teng, W.H.E.Liu, Distribution System State Estimation, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1995,10(1), 229-236
15．孙宏斌．张伯明．相年德．基于支路功率的配电状态估计方法．电力系统自动化，1998，22(8)：12～17
16. Wu F F, Neyer A F, Asynchronous Distributed State Estimation for Power Distribution Systems, In: Proceedings of the 9th PSCC, 1989
17. M.R.Irving, C.N.Macqueen, Robust Algorithm for Load Estimation in Distribution Networks, IEE Proc-Genner Trans&Distrib,1998,145(5), September
18．郭伟．单渊达．基于原——对耦内点算法的WLAV状态估计．电力系统自动化．1999，23(4)：32～37
19. D.M.Vinod, Kunar S.C., Srivaatava S, Ahah S.Mathur, Topology Processing and Static State Estimation using Artificial Neural Networks, IEE Proc-Gener Trans&Distrib, 1996,143(1), January
20. Andrea Bemieri, Giovanni Betta, Neural Networks and Pseudo-Measurements for Real Time Monitoring of Distribution Systems, IEEE Transaction On Instrumentation and Measurement, 1996,45(2)
21. Atish K. Ghosh, David L.Lubkeman, Matthew J.Downey, Robert H.Jones, Distribution Circuit State Estimation Using Probabilistic Approach, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1997,12(1)
22. Mesut E.Baran, Jinxiang Zhu, Arthur W. Kelley, Meter Placement for Real-time Monitoring of Distribution Feeders, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1996,11 (1)
23. Ke Li, State Estimation for Power Distribution System and Measurement Impacts, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1996,11(2)
24．孙宏斌．张伯明．相年德．配电匹配潮流技术及其在配电状态估计中的应用．电力系统自动化．1998，22(7)：18～22
25. S.Y. Lin, C.H.Lin, An Implementable Distributed State Estimator and Distributed Bad Data Processing Schemes for Electric Power Systems, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1994,9(3)
26．于尔铿．电力系统状态估计．北京．水利电力出版社．1985
27. Koglin H J, Neisius U, PeiPler G et al. Bad Data Detection and Identification. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 1990,12(2)
28. Korres G N, Contaxis G L. A reduced Model for Bad Data Processing in State Estimation. IEEE Transaction On Power System. 1991.6(2)
29．刘广一．于尔铿．夏祖治．状态估计中不良数据可检测及可辨识性的定量分析理论．电力系统自动化，1991，15(1)：22～26
30. Zhang B M, Lo K L. A Recursive Measurement Error Estimation Identification Method for Bad Data Analysis in Power System State Estimation. IEEE Transaction On Power Systems, 1991,6(1)
31. Ali.Abur, Antonio Gomez Exposito, Bad Data Identification when using Ampere Measurements, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1997,12(2)
32. Ali.Abur, Antonio Gomez Exposito, Detecting Multiple Solutions in State Estimation in the Present of Current Magnitude Measurement, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1997,12(1)
33．刘广一．于尔铿．夏祖治．量测系统误差方估计与修正．中国电机工程学报．1990．(10)6：31～38
34. Souza J C S, Leite da Silva A M, Alves da Silva A P. Information debugging in forecasting-Aided state estimation using a pattern analysis approach. In: 12th PSCC.Dresden:1996.8
35. Salehfar H, Zhao R. A neural network pre--estimation filter for bad data detection and identification in power system state estimation. Electric power system reserch, 1995,34:127～134
36．卫志农．顾杵．鞠平．龚兵．三相辐射配网状态估计方法．中国电机工程学报．2000，20(3)，84～87
37．顾杵．配电网络状态估计算法研究：[硕士学位论文]．南京：河海大学电气工程学院．1999
38. Fan Zhang, Carol S. Cheng, "A Modified Newton Method for Radial Distribution System Power Flow Analysis", IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 12, No. 1, 389-396,February 1997
39．张伯明．高等电力网络分析．北京．清华大学出版社．1996
40．张俊福等．应用模糊数学．北京．北京地质出版社．1988
41. O.Alsac. B.Stott. W.F, Sparsity-oriented Compensation Methods for Modified Network solution, IEEE Transaction PAS, 1983,12(5)
42. Tinney W F, Brandwaln V, Chart S M. Sparse Vector Methods. IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus PAS, 1985,104(2)
43. IEEE Distribution Planning Working Group Report, "Radial Distribution Test Feeders", IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1991,6(3): 975-985
2. Baran M E, Kelley A W. State Estimation for Real Time Monitoring of Distribution Systems. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1994,9(3)
3. Roytelman I, Shhidehpowe S M. State Estimation for Electric Power Systems Distribution in Quasi Real Time Conditions. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 1993,8(4)
4. E.Handschin, F.C.Schweppe, J, Kohlas and A.Fiechter, Bad Data Analysis for Power System State Estimation, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1975, PAS-94(2), 329-337
5．杜鹏伟．配电网状态估计并行算法：[硕士学位论文]．南京：东南大学电气工程系，2000
6. F.C.Schweppe, J.Wildes, D.B.Rom, Power System Static-State Estimation, IEEE Transaction, PAS 1970, 89 (1), 120-135
7. R.E.Larson, W.F. Tinney, J.Peachon, L.P. Hadu, D.S.Piercy, State Estimation in Power Systems, IEEE Transaciton, Pas 1970, 89(1), 345-363
8. A.S.Debs, R. E.Larson, Dynamic Estimation of Tracking the State of a Power System, IEEE Transaciton, Pas 1970, 89(2), 1670-1678,
9. F.C.Schweppe, E.J.Handschin Static State Estimation in Electric Power Systems, Proc. IEEE 1974, 62(2), 972-982
10. C.W. Hansen, A.S.Debs, Power System State Estimation Using Three-phase models, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1993,10(2)
11. Artish K.Ghosh, David L. Lubkeman, Robert H.Jones, Load Modeling for Distribution Circuit State Estimation, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1997,12(2)
12. W.M.Lin J.H.Teng, Distribution Fast Coupled State Estimation by Measurement Pairing, IEE Proc-Genner Trans & Distrib, 1996,143 (1)
13. Mesut E.Baran, Arthur W. Kelley, A Branch-Current-Based State Estimation Method for Distribution Systems, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1995,10(1)
14. C.N.Lu, J.H.Teng, W.H.E.Liu, Distribution System State Estimation, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1995,10(1), 229-236
15．孙宏斌．张伯明．相年德．基于支路功率的配电状态估计方法．电力系统自动化，1998，22(8)：12～17
16. Wu F F, Neyer A F, Asynchronous Distributed State Estimation for Power Distribution Systems, In: Proceedings of the 9th PSCC, 1989
17. M.R.Irving, C.N.Macqueen, Robust Algorithm for Load Estimation in Distribution Networks, IEE Proc-Genner Trans&Distrib,1998,145(5), September
18．郭伟．单渊达．基于原——对耦内点算法的WLAV状态估计．电力系统自动化．1999，23(4)：32～37
19. D.M.Vinod, Kunar S.C., Srivaatava S, Ahah S.Mathur, Topology Processing and Static State Estimation using Artificial Neural Networks, IEE Proc-Gener Trans&Distrib, 1996,143(1), January
20. Andrea Bemieri, Giovanni Betta, Neural Networks and Pseudo-Measurements for Real Time Monitoring of Distribution Systems, IEEE Transaction On Instrumentation and Measurement, 1996,45(2)
21. Atish K. Ghosh, David L.Lubkeman, Matthew J.Downey, Robert H.Jones, Distribution Circuit State Estimation Using Probabilistic Approach, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1997,12(1)
22. Mesut E.Baran, Jinxiang Zhu, Arthur W. Kelley, Meter Placement for Real-time Monitoring of Distribution Feeders, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1996,11 (1)
23. Ke Li, State Estimation for Power Distribution System and Measurement Impacts, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1996,11(2)
24．孙宏斌．张伯明．相年德．配电匹配潮流技术及其在配电状态估计中的应用．电力系统自动化．1998，22(7)：18～22
25. S.Y. Lin, C.H.Lin, An Implementable Distributed State Estimator and Distributed Bad Data Processing Schemes for Electric Power Systems, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1994,9(3)
26．于尔铿．电力系统状态估计．北京．水利电力出版社．1985
27. Koglin H J, Neisius U, PeiPler G et al. Bad Data Detection and Identification. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 1990,12(2)
28. Korres G N, Contaxis G L. A reduced Model for Bad Data Processing in State Estimation. IEEE Transaction On Power System. 1991.6(2)
29．刘广一．于尔铿．夏祖治．状态估计中不良数据可检测及可辨识性的定量分析理论．电力系统自动化，1991，15(1)：22～26
30. Zhang B M, Lo K L. A Recursive Measurement Error Estimation Identification Method for Bad Data Analysis in Power System State Estimation. IEEE Transaction On Power Systems, 1991,6(1)
31. Ali.Abur, Antonio Gomez Exposito, Bad Data Identification when using Ampere Measurements, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1997,12(2)
32. Ali.Abur, Antonio Gomez Exposito, Detecting Multiple Solutions in State Estimation in the Present of Current Magnitude Measurement, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems. 1997,12(1)
33．刘广一．于尔铿．夏祖治．量测系统误差方估计与修正．中国电机工程学报．1990．(10)6：31～38
34. Souza J C S, Leite da Silva A M, Alves da Silva A P. Information debugging in forecasting-Aided state estimation using a pattern analysis approach. In: 12th PSCC.Dresden:1996.8
35. Salehfar H, Zhao R. A neural network pre--estimation filter for bad data detection and identification in power system state estimation. Electric power system reserch, 1995,34:127～134
36．卫志农．顾杵．鞠平．龚兵．三相辐射配网状态估计方法．中国电机工程学报．2000，20(3)，84～87
37．顾杵．配电网络状态估计算法研究：[硕士学位论文]．南京：河海大学电气工程学院．1999
38. Fan Zhang, Carol S. Cheng, "A Modified Newton Method for Radial Distribution System Power Flow Analysis", IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 12, No. 1, 389-396,February 1997
39．张伯明．高等电力网络分析．北京．清华大学出版社．1996
40．张俊福等．应用模糊数学．北京．北京地质出版社．1988
41. O.Alsac. B.Stott. W.F, Sparsity-oriented Compensation Methods for Modified Network solution, IEEE Transaction PAS, 1983,12(5)
42. Tinney W F, Brandwaln V, Chart S M. Sparse Vector Methods. IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus PAS, 1985,104(2)
43. IEEE Distribution Planning Working Group Report, "Radial Distribution Test Feeders", IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, 1991,6(3): 975-985