电力系统暂态稳定快速预想事故筛选的研究
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摘要
随着我国电力系统的快速发展,安全问题越来越突出,在线稳定分析也成为实现电力系统安全稳定运行与控制的重要手段之一。快速预想事故筛选作为电力系统动态安全分析的重要组成功能,是一个很有研究价值的课题。
本文围绕在线动态安全分析中基于时域仿真的事故扫描展开了研究。要达到快速性和准确性的统一是基于时域仿真的暂态稳定分析研究中的难点。为提高快速性,本文提出了一种基于二阶发电机模型的显式数值积分快速时域仿真法,其采用显式二阶单步积分的发电机转子运动方程,与传统的显式欧拉法相比,截断误差更小,而速度更快,同时,根据二阶发电机模型的特点,改变了传统的交替迭代求解微分-代数方程的计算流程,使得每一时步只需求解一次微分-代数方程,从而提高了暂态稳定计算速度。然后,针对传统的角度判别准则需要的大量的数值积分时步的问题,提出了一种暂态稳定判据,其采用SIME辨识方法,实现多机系统到单机无穷大系统的映射,并以EAC法则作为电力系统是否稳定的判据,实际系统仿真表明,采用该判据的时域仿真所需的时步大大减少,从而提高了暂态稳定计算速度。最后,根据简单发电机模型下求解网络矩阵的计算量会大大降低的特点,本文提出了基于简单发电机模型的快速预想事故筛选法,即在发电机采用E'电势恒定模型的基础上,通过改变动态负荷模型中恒阻抗模型和感应电动机模型的组合比例,来拟合发电机6阶模型和静负荷模型组合下的暂态稳定计算,以及采用E'q电势恒定的发电机模型,通过改变角度法则中的角度条件进行快速预想事故筛选的方法。
With the rapid developing of the power system, the security of power system is becoming more and more important, as a result, the online stability analysis has become one of the most important means for the system security operation. Contingency screening, as an important part of dynamic security analysis, has been a very valuable subject.
The paper studies the contingency screening based on time-domain simulation, by which, the difficult part is that the solution needs fast computation speed and accuracy of both. For this purpose, a fast transient stability time-domain simulation applying Explicit integration algorithm method is proposed, which is based on Second order generator model. Compared with the traditional Euler explicit integration algorithm, the method presented here can reduce the computation time, and with small truncation errors. According to the characteristics of Second order generator model, the method proposed here changes the solving procedure based on Alternating iterative method, and only need to solve the differential-algebraic equations once at each step, by which,the calculation time can be reduced. Then, In order to reduce the simulation steps needed during the transient stability computation, a transient stability criterion based on SIME is researched. The method described here replaces a multi-machine power system by an one-machine system, terminates the simulation by EAC, at the meantime, identify the unstable and stable OMIB trajectories. The simulations based on the real system testify its effectiveness. At last, the paper presents a contingency screening method based on simple generator model to reduce the computation of the network equation solving. First, It combines dynamic load models and the fixed E'generator model, to simulate the transient stability calculation based on accurate generator models and static load models, by adjusting the proportions of the induction motor load and the constant impedance load in dynamic load models, second, based on the fixed E'q generator model, through setting the angle of the angle criteria to conduct fast contingency screening.
本文围绕在线动态安全分析中基于时域仿真的事故扫描展开了研究。要达到快速性和准确性的统一是基于时域仿真的暂态稳定分析研究中的难点。为提高快速性,本文提出了一种基于二阶发电机模型的显式数值积分快速时域仿真法,其采用显式二阶单步积分的发电机转子运动方程,与传统的显式欧拉法相比,截断误差更小,而速度更快,同时,根据二阶发电机模型的特点,改变了传统的交替迭代求解微分-代数方程的计算流程,使得每一时步只需求解一次微分-代数方程,从而提高了暂态稳定计算速度。然后,针对传统的角度判别准则需要的大量的数值积分时步的问题,提出了一种暂态稳定判据,其采用SIME辨识方法,实现多机系统到单机无穷大系统的映射,并以EAC法则作为电力系统是否稳定的判据,实际系统仿真表明,采用该判据的时域仿真所需的时步大大减少,从而提高了暂态稳定计算速度。最后,根据简单发电机模型下求解网络矩阵的计算量会大大降低的特点,本文提出了基于简单发电机模型的快速预想事故筛选法,即在发电机采用E'电势恒定模型的基础上,通过改变动态负荷模型中恒阻抗模型和感应电动机模型的组合比例,来拟合发电机6阶模型和静负荷模型组合下的暂态稳定计算,以及采用E'q电势恒定的发电机模型,通过改变角度法则中的角度条件进行快速预想事故筛选的方法。
With the rapid developing of the power system, the security of power system is becoming more and more important, as a result, the online stability analysis has become one of the most important means for the system security operation. Contingency screening, as an important part of dynamic security analysis, has been a very valuable subject.
The paper studies the contingency screening based on time-domain simulation, by which, the difficult part is that the solution needs fast computation speed and accuracy of both. For this purpose, a fast transient stability time-domain simulation applying Explicit integration algorithm method is proposed, which is based on Second order generator model. Compared with the traditional Euler explicit integration algorithm, the method presented here can reduce the computation time, and with small truncation errors. According to the characteristics of Second order generator model, the method proposed here changes the solving procedure based on Alternating iterative method, and only need to solve the differential-algebraic equations once at each step, by which,the calculation time can be reduced. Then, In order to reduce the simulation steps needed during the transient stability computation, a transient stability criterion based on SIME is researched. The method described here replaces a multi-machine power system by an one-machine system, terminates the simulation by EAC, at the meantime, identify the unstable and stable OMIB trajectories. The simulations based on the real system testify its effectiveness. At last, the paper presents a contingency screening method based on simple generator model to reduce the computation of the network equation solving. First, It combines dynamic load models and the fixed E'generator model, to simulate the transient stability calculation based on accurate generator models and static load models, by adjusting the proportions of the induction motor load and the constant impedance load in dynamic load models, second, based on the fixed E'q generator model, through setting the angle of the angle criteria to conduct fast contingency screening.
引文
[1]韩祯祥,曹一家.电力系统的安全性及防治措施[J].电网技术,2004,28(9)
[2]陈为化,江全元,曹一家等.基于风险理论的复杂电力系统脆弱性评估[J].电网技术,2005,29(4).
[3]薛禹胜.电力系统暂态稳定快速分析和控制的现状和发展[J].电力系统自动化,1995,19(1).
[4]Bose A, Fouad A A, Balu N et al.On-line power system security analysis[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1992,80(2):262-282.
[9]王守相,张伯明,刘映尚.事故临界切除时区计算及其在事故扫描中的应用[J].电网技术,2003,27(10).
[10]张建军.电力系统暂态稳定事故扫描的模糊性能指标方法研究[D].天津大学,2006.
[11]张建军,武娟.电力系统实时动态安全评估事故筛选与排序综述[J].机械管理开发,2010,25(3)：79-81.
[12]吕志来,张保会,哈恒旭.基于改进的势能界面判据实时预测电力系统稳定性[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(4).
[13]付书逖.势能界面法(PEBS)暂态稳定分析的综述及展望[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(9)：16-18.
[14]王宗义,郭志忠.基于PEBS法的暂态能量裕度灵敏度快速计算[J].继电器,2006 34(2).
[15]刘明志,房大中,宋文南.电力系统暂态稳定混合分析法的研究[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,1999,11(2)：7-12.
[16]薛禹胜.EEAC和FASTEST [J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(9).
[17]王天施,苑舜.一种在线动态安全分析事故扫描的综合法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009.21(37)：12-14.
[18]王守相,张伯明,郭琦.在线动态安全评估中事故扫描的综合性能指标法[J].电网技术,2005,29(1)：60-64.
[19]Fu C Bose. A. Contingency ranking based on severity indices dynamic security analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(3):980-985.
[20]Brand wajn V, Kumar A B R, Ipakchi A et al. Severity indices for contingency screaming in dynamic security assessment. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(3):1136-11427.
[21]甘德强,王锡凡,杜正春等.暂态稳定性分析的自动事故选择方法[J].电力系统自动化,1994,18(1)：25-30.
[22]王锡凡.现代电力系统分析.科学出版社,2003.
[23]严宇.基于动态安全域理论的动态安全分析的研究[D].四川大学,2005.
[24]匡文凯.暂态稳定分析中预想事故排队的研究[D].湖南大学,2004.
[25]倪以信.动态电力系统的理论与分析.北京：清华大学出版社,2002,135-215.
[26]鞠平.电力系统负荷建模理论与实践[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(19)：1-7
[27]Y.H.Moon,et al. Fast Non-iterative Algorithm base on Polarized-SystemPartitioning for Transient Stability Simulation. Proc Of IEEE PES 2000 Winter Meeting, Singapore,January,2000
[28]毛承雄,陆继明,樊俊等.电力系统仿真新的快速算法[J].电力系统自化.1996,20(3),13-18.
[29]郭志忠.电力网络节点解析新探.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文.1989.
[30]郭志忠,柳焯.快速高阶Taylor级数法暂态稳定计算[J].中国电机工程报,1991,11(3)：7-15.
[31]于继来,郭志忠,柳焯.基于能量函数高阶Taylor级数展开技术的直接法[J].电网技术,1995,Vol19(2),18-20,24
[32]白雪峰,郭志忠.Taylor级数法暂态稳定计算中阶数的动态控制[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(22)：5-7.
[33]钟万勰.结构动力方程的精细时程积分法[J].大连理工大学学报,1994,34(2)：131-136.
[34]钟万勰.子域精细积分及偏微分方程数值解[J].计算结构力学及其应用,1995,12(3)：253-260
[35]董聪.结构动力系统精细算法的误差传输与控制[J].大自然探索,1998,17(3)：81-82.
[36]向宇,黄玉盈,曾革委.精细时程积分法的误差分析和精度设计[J].计算力学学报,2002,19(3)：276-280.
[37]韩丹夫,吴庆标.数值分析.杭州：浙江大学出版社,2006：208-243
[38]袁兆鼎,费景高,刘德贵.刚性常微分方程初值问题的数值解法[J].北京：科学出社,1987.
[39]余德浩,汤华中.微分方程数值解法.科学出版社.2003
[40]P.亨利西.常微分方程离散变量方法.科学出版社.1985
[41]王守相,张建军.基于统计学习的模糊暂态稳定事故的筛选与排序[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(3)：113-117.
[42]吕志来,张宝会,哈恒旭.模糊子集和Taylor级数相结合的快速事故筛选方法[J].电力系统自动化,2000,22(4)：17-20.
[43]Y. Zhang, L.Wehenkel, P. Rousseaux, et al."SIME:A hybrid approach to fast transient stability assessment and contingency selection,"Int[J].Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol.19,no.3, pp.195-208,1997.
[44]Y. Zhang, L. Wehenkel, and M. Pavella, "SIME:A comprehensive approach to fast transient stability assessment,"[J].Trans, of IEE Japan, vol.118-B, no.2, pp.127-132,1998.
[45]M.Pavella, "Generalized one-machine equivalents in transient stability studies," PES Letters[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review, vol.18, no.l, pp.50-52, Jan.1998
[46]张东霞,汤涌,张红斌等.负荷模型的应用与研究调查报告[J].电网技术,2007,31(4)：17-23.
[47]中国电力科学研究院电力系统分析综合程序暂态稳定(ST6.1)用户手册[S]1999.
[48]Shirmohammadi D,Gribik P R,Law ETK,et al. Evaluation of Transmission Network Capacity Use for Wheeling Transactions[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1989,4(4): 1405-1413.
[49]Bialek J.Allocation of Transmission Supplementary Charge to Real and Reactive Loads[J],IEEE Trans on Power Systems.1998,13(3):749-754.
[50]吴红斌,丁明,李生虎等.发电机和负荷模型对暂态稳定性影响的概率分析[J],电网技术,2004,28(1)：20-21.
[51]张景超,鄢安河,张承学.电力系统负荷模型研究综述[J].继电器,2007,35(6)：84-86.
[2]陈为化,江全元,曹一家等.基于风险理论的复杂电力系统脆弱性评估[J].电网技术,2005,29(4).
[3]薛禹胜.电力系统暂态稳定快速分析和控制的现状和发展[J].电力系统自动化,1995,19(1).
[4]Bose A, Fouad A A, Balu N et al.On-line power system security analysis[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1992,80(2):262-282.
[9]王守相,张伯明,刘映尚.事故临界切除时区计算及其在事故扫描中的应用[J].电网技术,2003,27(10).
[10]张建军.电力系统暂态稳定事故扫描的模糊性能指标方法研究[D].天津大学,2006.
[11]张建军,武娟.电力系统实时动态安全评估事故筛选与排序综述[J].机械管理开发,2010,25(3)：79-81.
[12]吕志来,张保会,哈恒旭.基于改进的势能界面判据实时预测电力系统稳定性[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(4).
[13]付书逖.势能界面法(PEBS)暂态稳定分析的综述及展望[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(9)：16-18.
[14]王宗义,郭志忠.基于PEBS法的暂态能量裕度灵敏度快速计算[J].继电器,2006 34(2).
[15]刘明志,房大中,宋文南.电力系统暂态稳定混合分析法的研究[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,1999,11(2)：7-12.
[16]薛禹胜.EEAC和FASTEST [J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(9).
[17]王天施,苑舜.一种在线动态安全分析事故扫描的综合法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009.21(37)：12-14.
[18]王守相,张伯明,郭琦.在线动态安全评估中事故扫描的综合性能指标法[J].电网技术,2005,29(1)：60-64.
[19]Fu C Bose. A. Contingency ranking based on severity indices dynamic security analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(3):980-985.
[20]Brand wajn V, Kumar A B R, Ipakchi A et al. Severity indices for contingency screaming in dynamic security assessment. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(3):1136-11427.
[21]甘德强,王锡凡,杜正春等.暂态稳定性分析的自动事故选择方法[J].电力系统自动化,1994,18(1)：25-30.
[22]王锡凡.现代电力系统分析.科学出版社,2003.
[23]严宇.基于动态安全域理论的动态安全分析的研究[D].四川大学,2005.
[24]匡文凯.暂态稳定分析中预想事故排队的研究[D].湖南大学,2004.
[25]倪以信.动态电力系统的理论与分析.北京：清华大学出版社,2002,135-215.
[26]鞠平.电力系统负荷建模理论与实践[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(19)：1-7
[27]Y.H.Moon,et al. Fast Non-iterative Algorithm base on Polarized-SystemPartitioning for Transient Stability Simulation. Proc Of IEEE PES 2000 Winter Meeting, Singapore,January,2000
[28]毛承雄,陆继明,樊俊等.电力系统仿真新的快速算法[J].电力系统自化.1996,20(3),13-18.
[29]郭志忠.电力网络节点解析新探.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文.1989.
[30]郭志忠,柳焯.快速高阶Taylor级数法暂态稳定计算[J].中国电机工程报,1991,11(3)：7-15.
[31]于继来,郭志忠,柳焯.基于能量函数高阶Taylor级数展开技术的直接法[J].电网技术,1995,Vol19(2),18-20,24
[32]白雪峰,郭志忠.Taylor级数法暂态稳定计算中阶数的动态控制[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(22)：5-7.
[33]钟万勰.结构动力方程的精细时程积分法[J].大连理工大学学报,1994,34(2)：131-136.
[34]钟万勰.子域精细积分及偏微分方程数值解[J].计算结构力学及其应用,1995,12(3)：253-260
[35]董聪.结构动力系统精细算法的误差传输与控制[J].大自然探索,1998,17(3)：81-82.
[36]向宇,黄玉盈,曾革委.精细时程积分法的误差分析和精度设计[J].计算力学学报,2002,19(3)：276-280.
[37]韩丹夫,吴庆标.数值分析.杭州：浙江大学出版社,2006：208-243
[38]袁兆鼎,费景高,刘德贵.刚性常微分方程初值问题的数值解法[J].北京：科学出社,1987.
[39]余德浩,汤华中.微分方程数值解法.科学出版社.2003
[40]P.亨利西.常微分方程离散变量方法.科学出版社.1985
[41]王守相,张建军.基于统计学习的模糊暂态稳定事故的筛选与排序[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(3)：113-117.
[42]吕志来,张宝会,哈恒旭.模糊子集和Taylor级数相结合的快速事故筛选方法[J].电力系统自动化,2000,22(4)：17-20.
[43]Y. Zhang, L.Wehenkel, P. Rousseaux, et al."SIME:A hybrid approach to fast transient stability assessment and contingency selection,"Int[J].Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol.19,no.3, pp.195-208,1997.
[44]Y. Zhang, L. Wehenkel, and M. Pavella, "SIME:A comprehensive approach to fast transient stability assessment,"[J].Trans, of IEE Japan, vol.118-B, no.2, pp.127-132,1998.
[45]M.Pavella, "Generalized one-machine equivalents in transient stability studies," PES Letters[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review, vol.18, no.l, pp.50-52, Jan.1998
[46]张东霞,汤涌,张红斌等.负荷模型的应用与研究调查报告[J].电网技术,2007,31(4)：17-23.
[47]中国电力科学研究院电力系统分析综合程序暂态稳定(ST6.1)用户手册[S]1999.
[48]Shirmohammadi D,Gribik P R,Law ETK,et al. Evaluation of Transmission Network Capacity Use for Wheeling Transactions[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1989,4(4): 1405-1413.
[49]Bialek J.Allocation of Transmission Supplementary Charge to Real and Reactive Loads[J],IEEE Trans on Power Systems.1998,13(3):749-754.
[50]吴红斌,丁明,李生虎等.发电机和负荷模型对暂态稳定性影响的概率分析[J],电网技术,2004,28(1)：20-21.
[51]张景超,鄢安河,张承学.电力系统负荷模型研究综述[J].继电器,2007,35(6)：84-86.