基于无线传感器网络的导航系统设计与实现
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摘要
在无线传感器网络(WSN)的应用中,物理信息与位置信息关联才具有实际的运用价值,由此无线传感器网络节点的位置信息至关重要,是传感器网络研究的难题及热点。本文以导航系统的为应用背景,在自主研究开发的一套无线传感器网络信息采集平台上实现了节点位置信息获取、处理及应用的导航系统的设计开发。
首先,通过设计带有全球定位系统(GPS)节点的绝对定位和基于接收信号强度指示(RSSI)测距的无线传感器网络节点间相对定位,实现了满足室内外定位需求的无线定位系统;然后结合无线传感器网络系统开发了一套人机交互的地理信息系统(GIS),实现了节点位置信息的在电子地图上的处理及直观显示;最后,应用地理信息系统的位置信息资源设计了具有路径搜索、轨迹实时追踪功能的路径搜索系统,从而实现了一个完整的导航系统。
整个导航系统的设计穿插在无线传感器网络平台的传感器节点系统、数据收集系统、数据存储和分析系统的设计中。在无线定位方面做了大量的针对性测试工作;在处理地理信息系统中电子地图的每个细节上也做了对应的工作,实现了无线传感器网络平台与地理信息系统的结合;经过改进最短路径算法的实现,在地理信息系统上实现了快捷的导航路径查询。最终本文在完成了系统全部设计和制造的基础上,以校园为实践模型进行了系统整体测试和使用,取得了良好的预期效果,证明了本系统的实用价值。
It has the practical value for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application only when the physical and location Information associated with each other. So the location-specific information is essential for WSN technology and it is also a hot research area for it. In this paper, it has introduced a self-developed information collection platform with the node location acquisition, processing and application to realize design and development of navigation system.
In this paper, it first introduced how to design a wireless location node. The node has the function of the absolute location with the geographic information system (GPS) and the relatively location with the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) that the node has received. It meets the wireless location needs indoor and outdoor. Next the geographical information system (GIS) developed above the node is introduced. It has realized the map information processing and display directly to the user. Last the paper overviewed the whole system. It has the function of path search and track.
WSN sensor node system, data collection system, data storage system and data analysis system design were introduced throughout the design of whole navigation systems. A lot of test work is done for the position function. Appropriate work has been done to complete the combination of WSN and GIS. Speedy path-search function is realized in GIS though improvement of the location algorithm. Finally, based on the design and manufacture of the whole system, a test case in campus as practice model was implemented for the system's functions as a whole and a good expectant result are met in the test which proves its practical value of this system.
首先,通过设计带有全球定位系统(GPS)节点的绝对定位和基于接收信号强度指示(RSSI)测距的无线传感器网络节点间相对定位,实现了满足室内外定位需求的无线定位系统;然后结合无线传感器网络系统开发了一套人机交互的地理信息系统(GIS),实现了节点位置信息的在电子地图上的处理及直观显示;最后,应用地理信息系统的位置信息资源设计了具有路径搜索、轨迹实时追踪功能的路径搜索系统,从而实现了一个完整的导航系统。
整个导航系统的设计穿插在无线传感器网络平台的传感器节点系统、数据收集系统、数据存储和分析系统的设计中。在无线定位方面做了大量的针对性测试工作;在处理地理信息系统中电子地图的每个细节上也做了对应的工作,实现了无线传感器网络平台与地理信息系统的结合;经过改进最短路径算法的实现,在地理信息系统上实现了快捷的导航路径查询。最终本文在完成了系统全部设计和制造的基础上,以校园为实践模型进行了系统整体测试和使用,取得了良好的预期效果,证明了本系统的实用价值。
It has the practical value for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application only when the physical and location Information associated with each other. So the location-specific information is essential for WSN technology and it is also a hot research area for it. In this paper, it has introduced a self-developed information collection platform with the node location acquisition, processing and application to realize design and development of navigation system.
In this paper, it first introduced how to design a wireless location node. The node has the function of the absolute location with the geographic information system (GPS) and the relatively location with the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) that the node has received. It meets the wireless location needs indoor and outdoor. Next the geographical information system (GIS) developed above the node is introduced. It has realized the map information processing and display directly to the user. Last the paper overviewed the whole system. It has the function of path search and track.
WSN sensor node system, data collection system, data storage system and data analysis system design were introduced throughout the design of whole navigation systems. A lot of test work is done for the position function. Appropriate work has been done to complete the combination of WSN and GIS. Speedy path-search function is realized in GIS though improvement of the location algorithm. Finally, based on the design and manufacture of the whole system, a test case in campus as practice model was implemented for the system's functions as a whole and a good expectant result are met in the test which proves its practical value of this system.
引文
[1] Zhao F, Guibas L J, Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach[M]. Morgan Kaufmann, 2004
[2] Hac A. Wireless Sensor Network Designs [M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2003
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[6]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及数据管理的概念、问题与进展.软件学报,2003,Vol.14,No. 10:1717-1727.
[7] Kyildiz I F,Weilian Su,Sankarasubrama Y,et al.A survey on sensor networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,2002,40(8):102-114.
[8] A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 http://focus.ti.com/docs/
[9] EdgarH.Callaway,Jr.无线传感器网络:体系结构与协议[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[10] TinyOS Documentation Summary .http://docs.tinyos.net/index.php/Main_Page.
[11]程大伟,赵海,张希元,朱剑,徐久强,朱思远.基于EWMA的无线传感器网络路由度量性研究.传感技术学报, 2008,1
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[15]徐伯健,窦长江.GPS系统的军事应用研究无线电工程,2004,9(4):61-62
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[17] Niculescu D, Nath B. DV based positioning in ad hoc networks [J]. Journal of Telecommunication Systems, 2003, 22(4): 267-280
[18] Nerguizian C, Despins CL. Radio-Channel Characterization of an Underground Mine at 2.4GHz [A]. Wireless Communications [C]. IEEE, 2005, 2441-245
[19] Abdalkarim Awad, Thorsten Frunzke, Falko Dressler. Adaptive Distance Estimationand Localization in WSN using RSSI Measures [C]. 10th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design Architectures, Methods and Tools (DSD 2007). August 2007
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[21] Shang Y, Ruml W, Zhang Y, Fromherz MPJ. Localization from mere connectivity [C]. In: Proc. of the 4th ACM Int’l Symp. On Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing. Annapolis: ACM Press, 2003. 201-212
[22]陈维克,李文锋,首珩,等.基于RSSI的无线传感器网络加权质心定位算法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2006,20(12):695-700
[23]林玮,陈传峰.基于RSSI的无线传感器网络三角形质心定位算法[J].传感器技术,2009,(2):180-182
[24] Savarese C, Rabay J, Langendoen K. Robust positioning algorithms for distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor networks [C]. In: Ellis CS, ed. Proc. of the USENIX Technical Annual Conf. Monterey: USENIX Press, 2002. 317-327
[25] R.C.Gonzalez,R.E.Woods.阮秋琦,阮宇智等译.数字图像处理(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2006
[26]章毓晋编著.图像工程(中册)-图像分析(第2版).清华大学出版社,2005:367-409
[27]阮秋琦编著.数字图像处理学[M].电子工业出版社,2001:35-37
[28] Gady Agam. Regulated morphological operations.Pattern Recognition,1999,Vol32:133-134
[29] EdmondJ,RonaldJ,HuguesT.Mathematical morphology:A useful set of tools for image analysis[J].Statistics and ComPuting,2000,10(2):105-120
[30] Shinba DandDougherty E R.Fuzzy mathematical morphology[J].Vision,Communication and Imaging and RePresentation,1992, 3(3):286-302
[31] 0'Callaghan R J , Bull D R. Combined morphological-spectral unsupervised image segmentation[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2005,14(l):49-62
[32]吴嵌,惠军,赵直,荆耀栋.地理信息系统(Gls)组成原理其发展的趋势[J].新疆:新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(3):173-174
[33] Kim S,Kim J H.Adaptive Fuzzy-network-based C-measure Map-matching Algorithm For Car Navigation System[J],IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001(2):432-441
[34] M.Wieser.Digital Road Maps and Path Optimization Applied to Vehicle Navigation Systems.Data Acquisition and Analysis for Multimdeia GIS.35-45
[35]奚宽武,陶峰.GIS技术在智能交通系统中的应用[J].山东交通科技,2003,84-86
[36]李胜乐,陆远忠,车时编著.Maplnfo地理信息系统二次开发实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,20004,13(4):51-54
[37]公王波,郝金明,朱伟刚.MPaX支持下道路网络拓扑结构构建方法[J].测绘工程,2004,13(4):51-54
[38]贾国宪,边少锋,尚延生.基于MpaX的GPS与GSI集成应用系统的开发[J].海洋测绘,2003,23(l):42-45
[39]钟海丽,童瑞华,李军,陈宏盛.GPS定位与地图匹配方法研究[J].小型微型计算机系统,2003,24(1):l09-113
[40]王凌,段江涛,王保保.GSI中最短路径的算法研究与仿真.计算机仿真,2005,22(l):117-120
[41] Zhan F B. Three Fastest Shortest Path A lgorithms on Real Road Networks.Journal of Geographic Information and Decision Analysis.1997,1(1):69-82
[42]宁建红.最短路径算法效率研究[J].上海电机学院学报,2006.6,9(3):38-42
[43]乐阳,龚健雅.Dijkstra最短路径算法的一种高效率实现[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1999.9,24(3):209-212
[44]陆锋.最短路径算法分类体系与研究进展[J].测绘学报,2001,30(3):269-274.
[45]王晓东.最优堆排序算法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2000,21(5):472-474
[2] Hac A. Wireless Sensor Network Designs [M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2003
[3] Estrin D, Girod L, Pottie G, Srivastava M. Instrumenting the World with Wireless Sensor Networks[A]. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing(ICASSP’01)[C]
[4] Jean-Pierre Hubaux., Toward self-organized mobile ad-hoc networks: the Terminodes Project, IEEE Communications Magazines, 2003,41(7):110-120
[5]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松.无线传感器网络.清华大学出版社,2005.5
[6]李建中,李金宝,石胜飞.传感器网络及数据管理的概念、问题与进展.软件学报,2003,Vol.14,No. 10:1717-1727.
[7] Kyildiz I F,Weilian Su,Sankarasubrama Y,et al.A survey on sensor networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,2002,40(8):102-114.
[8] A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 http://focus.ti.com/docs/
[9] EdgarH.Callaway,Jr.无线传感器网络:体系结构与协议[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[10] TinyOS Documentation Summary .http://docs.tinyos.net/index.php/Main_Page.
[11]程大伟,赵海,张希元,朱剑,徐久强,朱思远.基于EWMA的无线传感器网络路由度量性研究.传感技术学报, 2008,1
[12] Per Enge.Scanning the Issue Technology,Proceeding of The IEEE.VOL87 No.l,JANUARY 1999,5-15
[13]彭不洪,黄国华.GPS原理与应用剖析[J].科技资讯,2007,21:35-36
[14]李明峰,冯宝红,刘三枝.GPS定位技术及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2006:l,63-81
[15]徐伯健,窦长江.GPS系统的军事应用研究无线电工程,2004,9(4):61-62
[16]刘大杰,施一民,过静珺.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.同济大学出版社,2003
[17] Niculescu D, Nath B. DV based positioning in ad hoc networks [J]. Journal of Telecommunication Systems, 2003, 22(4): 267-280
[18] Nerguizian C, Despins CL. Radio-Channel Characterization of an Underground Mine at 2.4GHz [A]. Wireless Communications [C]. IEEE, 2005, 2441-245
[19] Abdalkarim Awad, Thorsten Frunzke, Falko Dressler. Adaptive Distance Estimationand Localization in WSN using RSSI Measures [C]. 10th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design Architectures, Methods and Tools (DSD 2007). August 2007
[20]王建刚.无线传感器网络分布式节点定位算法研究[D].西北工业大学, 2006
[21] Shang Y, Ruml W, Zhang Y, Fromherz MPJ. Localization from mere connectivity [C]. In: Proc. of the 4th ACM Int’l Symp. On Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing. Annapolis: ACM Press, 2003. 201-212
[22]陈维克,李文锋,首珩,等.基于RSSI的无线传感器网络加权质心定位算法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2006,20(12):695-700
[23]林玮,陈传峰.基于RSSI的无线传感器网络三角形质心定位算法[J].传感器技术,2009,(2):180-182
[24] Savarese C, Rabay J, Langendoen K. Robust positioning algorithms for distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor networks [C]. In: Ellis CS, ed. Proc. of the USENIX Technical Annual Conf. Monterey: USENIX Press, 2002. 317-327
[25] R.C.Gonzalez,R.E.Woods.阮秋琦,阮宇智等译.数字图像处理(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2006
[26]章毓晋编著.图像工程(中册)-图像分析(第2版).清华大学出版社,2005:367-409
[27]阮秋琦编著.数字图像处理学[M].电子工业出版社,2001:35-37
[28] Gady Agam. Regulated morphological operations.Pattern Recognition,1999,Vol32:133-134
[29] EdmondJ,RonaldJ,HuguesT.Mathematical morphology:A useful set of tools for image analysis[J].Statistics and ComPuting,2000,10(2):105-120
[30] Shinba DandDougherty E R.Fuzzy mathematical morphology[J].Vision,Communication and Imaging and RePresentation,1992, 3(3):286-302
[31] 0'Callaghan R J , Bull D R. Combined morphological-spectral unsupervised image segmentation[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2005,14(l):49-62
[32]吴嵌,惠军,赵直,荆耀栋.地理信息系统(Gls)组成原理其发展的趋势[J].新疆:新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(3):173-174
[33] Kim S,Kim J H.Adaptive Fuzzy-network-based C-measure Map-matching Algorithm For Car Navigation System[J],IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001(2):432-441
[34] M.Wieser.Digital Road Maps and Path Optimization Applied to Vehicle Navigation Systems.Data Acquisition and Analysis for Multimdeia GIS.35-45
[35]奚宽武,陶峰.GIS技术在智能交通系统中的应用[J].山东交通科技,2003,84-86
[36]李胜乐,陆远忠,车时编著.Maplnfo地理信息系统二次开发实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,20004,13(4):51-54
[37]公王波,郝金明,朱伟刚.MPaX支持下道路网络拓扑结构构建方法[J].测绘工程,2004,13(4):51-54
[38]贾国宪,边少锋,尚延生.基于MpaX的GPS与GSI集成应用系统的开发[J].海洋测绘,2003,23(l):42-45
[39]钟海丽,童瑞华,李军,陈宏盛.GPS定位与地图匹配方法研究[J].小型微型计算机系统,2003,24(1):l09-113
[40]王凌,段江涛,王保保.GSI中最短路径的算法研究与仿真.计算机仿真,2005,22(l):117-120
[41] Zhan F B. Three Fastest Shortest Path A lgorithms on Real Road Networks.Journal of Geographic Information and Decision Analysis.1997,1(1):69-82
[42]宁建红.最短路径算法效率研究[J].上海电机学院学报,2006.6,9(3):38-42
[43]乐阳,龚健雅.Dijkstra最短路径算法的一种高效率实现[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1999.9,24(3):209-212
[44]陆锋.最短路径算法分类体系与研究进展[J].测绘学报,2001,30(3):269-274.
[45]王晓东.最优堆排序算法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2000,21(5):472-474