基于本体的程序设计解题知识库研究
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摘要
ACM/ICPC国际大学生程序设计竞赛在大学生中已经日益普及,网上的题库也日益增多,参加比赛的学生往往需要花大量的时间磨练自己的编程技艺,积累解题经验,然后争取在比赛中取得优异的成绩。然而,由于比赛年龄和参赛次数的限制,很多队员过了参赛规定后就退役了。老队员的退役带走了他们常年积累的宝贵的解题经验,而这些解题经验的流失对ACM集训队是一笔很大的损失。如果机器能把存在于队员头脑中的解题经验保存下来,供后人学习使用,这无疑将是一个行之有效的保存解题经验的途径。这不但使经验得到了继承,而且后人能够学习这些前人的经验,并在此基础上继续发展,取得更多的收获。
程序设计竞赛比赛中的每道题目都是需要使用程序解决的问题,而存在于队员头脑中的就是对于这些问题的解题经验。机器要把这些经验保存下来,就需要知道这些经验是什么,这些经验是由什么构成的,能够解决什么问题,是如何解决问题的。要让机器明白这些,就需要使用机器能够理解的语言把这些内容描述出来。
本论文所研究的是基于本体的程序设计解题知识库,在解题知识库中存放的是一本机器可解读的程序设计问题集。程序设计问题集包含两部分的内容:一部分是程序设计问题,另一部分是这些问题之间的关系。问题集的制作吸收了领域知识库的部分思想,并考虑了程序设计问题的自身因素,制定问题集中问题的采集、检验方法,并将采集到的问题进行汇总、整理和分析,得到程序设计解题知识的概念模型,在此概念模型的基础上,得到程序设计解题知识的本体模型,最终完成程序设计问题集的制作。
ACM/ICPC(Association for Computing Machinery / International Collegiate Programming Contest) is getting more and more popular in colleges and more Online-Judges had appeared on internet.Many students who join in the contest spend a lot of time on programming and want to raise themselves levels and gather experience,so they maybe get a good result in games.But the contest has rules,if the student was older than the age limit or had attended the game more than five times,he could not be allowed to attend the contest again. And then,he left the contest and takes away his experience.This is a great loss.If the mechine can save these experiences and provide users to use them,this is a very good path to save experiences.
The programming problem is a question and the experience in student's brain is how to use the program to answer this question.If the machine wants to save these experiences,it needs to know what are these experiences,what compose these experiences and how these experiences to solve problems.And if you want to make the machine understand these experiences,you should describe all these experiences by a language which a machine could understand.
This paper studies the research on programming knowledge base based on ontology.What in this knowledge base is a set of programming problems and this set is which the machine could understand.This problem set includes two parts which are the programming knowledge ontology and the services which the problem set provides.The method of getting problems is very important.After the problem set getting,we should analysis the problem set,then get the concept model and transform it into the ontology model.Finally,we add the instants into the ontology.
程序设计竞赛比赛中的每道题目都是需要使用程序解决的问题,而存在于队员头脑中的就是对于这些问题的解题经验。机器要把这些经验保存下来,就需要知道这些经验是什么,这些经验是由什么构成的,能够解决什么问题,是如何解决问题的。要让机器明白这些,就需要使用机器能够理解的语言把这些内容描述出来。
本论文所研究的是基于本体的程序设计解题知识库,在解题知识库中存放的是一本机器可解读的程序设计问题集。程序设计问题集包含两部分的内容:一部分是程序设计问题,另一部分是这些问题之间的关系。问题集的制作吸收了领域知识库的部分思想,并考虑了程序设计问题的自身因素,制定问题集中问题的采集、检验方法,并将采集到的问题进行汇总、整理和分析,得到程序设计解题知识的概念模型,在此概念模型的基础上,得到程序设计解题知识的本体模型,最终完成程序设计问题集的制作。
ACM/ICPC(Association for Computing Machinery / International Collegiate Programming Contest) is getting more and more popular in colleges and more Online-Judges had appeared on internet.Many students who join in the contest spend a lot of time on programming and want to raise themselves levels and gather experience,so they maybe get a good result in games.But the contest has rules,if the student was older than the age limit or had attended the game more than five times,he could not be allowed to attend the contest again. And then,he left the contest and takes away his experience.This is a great loss.If the mechine can save these experiences and provide users to use them,this is a very good path to save experiences.
The programming problem is a question and the experience in student's brain is how to use the program to answer this question.If the machine wants to save these experiences,it needs to know what are these experiences,what compose these experiences and how these experiences to solve problems.And if you want to make the machine understand these experiences,you should describe all these experiences by a language which a machine could understand.
This paper studies the research on programming knowledge base based on ontology.What in this knowledge base is a set of programming problems and this set is which the machine could understand.This problem set includes two parts which are the programming knowledge ontology and the services which the problem set provides.The method of getting problems is very important.After the problem set getting,we should analysis the problem set,then get the concept model and transform it into the ontology model.Finally,we add the instants into the ontology.
引文
[1]张维明,朱承,曹泽文,刘震,知识库系统建模框架,计算机世界报,第28期,B10
[2]卢林兰,李明,利用ontology实现的多库知识获取方法,计算机工程与设计,第15期,第28卷
[3]徐天伟,基于本体的领域知识库构建及推理研究,云南师范大学学报,第四期,第26卷,2006年7月
[4]What is an ontology,24 April 2004,http://www-kal.stanford.edu/kst/what-is -an-ontology.html.
[5]OWL Web Ontology Language Guide,http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/
[6]About OWL,http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/
[7]王良斌,面向系统构件化设计的本体模型研究,[学位论文],东华大学,2004
[8]王良斌,朱国进,本体论与构件复用,计算机工程与应用,2004,40(14),53-56
[9]W3C,W3C Semantic Web Activity,2006,http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
[10]孙琪,面向程序设计知识资源自动发现的机器可解读词典研究,[学位论文],东华大学,2007
[11]贺佳琳,面向领域的语义Web应用系统的研究,[学位论文],东华大学,2006
[12]冯奇俊,基于网络知识资源语义化的电子试卷自动生成系统研究,[学位论文],东华大学,2007
[13]严蔚敏,吴伟民,数据结构,清华大学出版社,2002年
[14]李善平,尹齐,胡玉杰,郭鸣,付相君,本体论研究综述,计算机研究与发展,2004年7月
[15]T.Gruber,What is an Ontology? URL Accessed on November 9,2001
[16]Tim Berners-Lee,etc,The Semantic Web,Scientific American,2001.5,284(5),34-43
[17]OWL Web Ontology Language Overview.W3C Recommendation,10February 2004,http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/.
[18]范黎林,王晓东,屈喜龙,基于Ontology知识库系统建模,计算机应用研究,2006年第5期
[19]HP Labs Semantic Web Programme,Jena - A Semantic Web Framework for Java,http://jena.sourceforge.net.
[20]Prot(?)g(?) Home Page,http://protege.stanford.edu/
[21]Prot(?)g(?) Overview,http://protege.stanford.edu/overview
[22]Prot(?)g(?)-OWL API,http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/api/
[23]Matthew Horridge,Holger Knublauch,Alan Rector,Robert Stevens,Chris Wroe,A Practical Guide To Building OWL Ontologies Using The Prot(?)g(?)-OWL Plugin and CO-ODE Tools Editionl.0,2004.8
[24]Tim Berners-Lee,James Hendler and Ora Lassila,The Semantic Web,Scientific American,May 2005.
[25]Yasmine Charif,Nicolas Sabouret,An Overview of Semantic Web Services Composition Approaches,Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 146(2006) 33-41
[2]卢林兰,李明,利用ontology实现的多库知识获取方法,计算机工程与设计,第15期,第28卷
[3]徐天伟,基于本体的领域知识库构建及推理研究,云南师范大学学报,第四期,第26卷,2006年7月
[4]What is an ontology,24 April 2004,http://www-kal.stanford.edu/kst/what-is -an-ontology.html.
[5]OWL Web Ontology Language Guide,http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/
[6]About OWL,http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/
[7]王良斌,面向系统构件化设计的本体模型研究,[学位论文],东华大学,2004
[8]王良斌,朱国进,本体论与构件复用,计算机工程与应用,2004,40(14),53-56
[9]W3C,W3C Semantic Web Activity,2006,http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
[10]孙琪,面向程序设计知识资源自动发现的机器可解读词典研究,[学位论文],东华大学,2007
[11]贺佳琳,面向领域的语义Web应用系统的研究,[学位论文],东华大学,2006
[12]冯奇俊,基于网络知识资源语义化的电子试卷自动生成系统研究,[学位论文],东华大学,2007
[13]严蔚敏,吴伟民,数据结构,清华大学出版社,2002年
[14]李善平,尹齐,胡玉杰,郭鸣,付相君,本体论研究综述,计算机研究与发展,2004年7月
[15]T.Gruber,What is an Ontology? URL Accessed on November 9,2001
[16]Tim Berners-Lee,etc,The Semantic Web,Scientific American,2001.5,284(5),34-43
[17]OWL Web Ontology Language Overview.W3C Recommendation,10February 2004,http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/.
[18]范黎林,王晓东,屈喜龙,基于Ontology知识库系统建模,计算机应用研究,2006年第5期
[19]HP Labs Semantic Web Programme,Jena - A Semantic Web Framework for Java,http://jena.sourceforge.net.
[20]Prot(?)g(?) Home Page,http://protege.stanford.edu/
[21]Prot(?)g(?) Overview,http://protege.stanford.edu/overview
[22]Prot(?)g(?)-OWL API,http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/api/
[23]Matthew Horridge,Holger Knublauch,Alan Rector,Robert Stevens,Chris Wroe,A Practical Guide To Building OWL Ontologies Using The Prot(?)g(?)-OWL Plugin and CO-ODE Tools Editionl.0,2004.8
[24]Tim Berners-Lee,James Hendler and Ora Lassila,The Semantic Web,Scientific American,May 2005.
[25]Yasmine Charif,Nicolas Sabouret,An Overview of Semantic Web Services Composition Approaches,Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 146(2006) 33-41