中空高分子微球乳液的制备及应用
|
摘要
中空高分子微球乳液可广泛应用于涂料、造纸、皮革等行业,同时它在微胶囊材料、化妆品、医药保健等各种不同领域也有着广阔的应用前景。鉴于中空高分子微球的用途广泛,引起了人们越来越多的关注,并对其制备方法和工艺条件的研究也日益深入。本文制备了粒径大、中空度较高的中空高分子微球乳液,初步探讨了中空高分子微球乳液的成膜特性。
第一章对中空高分子微球乳液的相关文献进行了综述。首先列出了中空高分子微球的应用方面以及潜在的应用前景,包括在涂料及纸张涂敷剂中的应用、在皮革中的应用、在化妆品及生化药物中的应用等。其次选择性介绍了中空高分子微球乳液的几种制备方法,有碱(酸)溶胀法、悬浮聚合法、膜乳化法、W/O/W乳液聚合法、模板法。最后介绍了的聚合物乳液的成膜,分析了成膜过程、成膜驱动力,介绍了膜形成的理论,讨论了最低成膜温度的影响因素,并且单独介绍了核壳聚合物乳液的成膜。
第二章给出了本课题的中空高分子微球乳液的制备工艺及分析表征方法。先制备聚(甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯)种子乳液,再用与种子体相同的单体扩径聚合以增大种子乳胶粒的粒径。以扩大的种子乳胶粒为核层,加入单体苯乙烯和少量甲基丙烯酸进行包壳聚合,从而得到聚(甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯)/聚(甲基丙烯酸-苯乙烯)核壳高分子微球乳液。逐步用碱和酸在较高温度下溶胀核壳微球,制得了大粒径、较大中空度的中空高分子微球乳液。各阶段乳胶粒的粒径及形貌由动态光散射粒度仪、透射电镜和场发射扫描电镜分析表征。实验中考察了乳化剂、引发剂、单体组成、预乳化液进料速度等对种子制备、扩径乳液制备、核壳乳液制备的粒径大小及分布的影响;考察了单体组成对核层微球的玻璃化温度、中空高分子微球的中空度的影响;通过补加乳化剂的方法提高了碱酸溶胀处理时乳液的固含量。
第三章考察了中空高分子微球乳液应用中的成膜特性。中空高分子微球乳液在高温成膜,中空高分子微球乳液与最低成膜温度低的聚丙烯酸酯类软乳液混合后在20℃即可成膜。用场发射扫描电镜观察了中空高分子微球乳液膜及混合乳液膜的形貌。
第四章总结了全文的研究结果,得出了研究结论。
Hollow polymer microsphere latex is widely used in many industries, such as coating, paper making and leather. Such microspheres have also potential applications as microcapsule materials in cosmetic and pharmacy area, and so on. Therefore, hollow polymer microsphere attracts many attentions and the research about hollow polymer microsphere becomes deeper and deeper along with time. In this dissertation, hollow polymer microsphere with large size and high hollowness was successfully prepared, and film-forming of the hollow polymer microsphere latex was preliminarily studied.
In chapter one, the references about hollow polymer microsphere latex was reviewed. Firstly, the application industries and potential applications of hollow polymer microsphere were listed, including coating, leather, cosmetic, pharmacy, and so on. Then preparation methods including alkali (and acid) swell, suspension polymerization, SPG film emulsification technique, W/O/W emulsion polymerization and template technique were selectively introduced. At last, the film-forming of polymer latex was introduced. The film-forming process and the forces during film-forming were analyzed. The film-forming theories were introduced. The influence factors on minimum film-forming temperature were discussed. The film-forming of core-shell polymer latex was especially introduced.
In chapter two, the preparation technics and characterization of hollow polymer microsphere latex in this dissertation were explained. First, P(methyl acrylic acid-methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate) copolymer microspheres were synthesized. Then, seeded emulsion polymerization of enlarging the. sizes of the copolymer microspheres was carried out. Using the second step microspheres as core layers particles, the copolymerization of St and MAA at their surfaces formed shell layers. As the result, core-shell polymer microsphere latex of P(methyl acrylic acid-methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate) / P(methyl acrylic acid-styrene) was synthesized. At last, the core-shell microspheres were treated by means of stepwise swell with alkali and acid solutions at an appropriate high temperature. Thus the microspheres with special hollow structure were obtained. The sizes and morphologies of polymer microspheres at every emulsion polymerization step and swell were characterized by means of DLS, TEM and FESEM. During the experiment, the effects of emulsifier, initiator, monomers proportion and the feed speed of pre-emulsification mixture on the size distributions when seed, core polymer particles and core-shell polymer particles preparation were examined. The effects of monomers proportion on glass transition temperature of core polymer and hollowness of hollow polymer microsphere were examined. The content of core-shell polymer was improved when swell with alkali and acid by adding emulsifier.
In chapter three, the film-forming of the hollow polymer microsphere latex was studied. The hollow polymer microsphere latex formed film at high temperature. The mixture of the hollow polymer microsphere latex and a kind of soft latex of acrylate polymer could easily form film at 20℃. The morphologies of the hollow polymer microsphere latex film and the mixed latex film were observed by FESEM.
In chapter four, the research work of this dissertation was summarized, and the conclusion was brought forward.
第一章对中空高分子微球乳液的相关文献进行了综述。首先列出了中空高分子微球的应用方面以及潜在的应用前景,包括在涂料及纸张涂敷剂中的应用、在皮革中的应用、在化妆品及生化药物中的应用等。其次选择性介绍了中空高分子微球乳液的几种制备方法,有碱(酸)溶胀法、悬浮聚合法、膜乳化法、W/O/W乳液聚合法、模板法。最后介绍了的聚合物乳液的成膜,分析了成膜过程、成膜驱动力,介绍了膜形成的理论,讨论了最低成膜温度的影响因素,并且单独介绍了核壳聚合物乳液的成膜。
第二章给出了本课题的中空高分子微球乳液的制备工艺及分析表征方法。先制备聚(甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯)种子乳液,再用与种子体相同的单体扩径聚合以增大种子乳胶粒的粒径。以扩大的种子乳胶粒为核层,加入单体苯乙烯和少量甲基丙烯酸进行包壳聚合,从而得到聚(甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯)/聚(甲基丙烯酸-苯乙烯)核壳高分子微球乳液。逐步用碱和酸在较高温度下溶胀核壳微球,制得了大粒径、较大中空度的中空高分子微球乳液。各阶段乳胶粒的粒径及形貌由动态光散射粒度仪、透射电镜和场发射扫描电镜分析表征。实验中考察了乳化剂、引发剂、单体组成、预乳化液进料速度等对种子制备、扩径乳液制备、核壳乳液制备的粒径大小及分布的影响;考察了单体组成对核层微球的玻璃化温度、中空高分子微球的中空度的影响;通过补加乳化剂的方法提高了碱酸溶胀处理时乳液的固含量。
第三章考察了中空高分子微球乳液应用中的成膜特性。中空高分子微球乳液在高温成膜,中空高分子微球乳液与最低成膜温度低的聚丙烯酸酯类软乳液混合后在20℃即可成膜。用场发射扫描电镜观察了中空高分子微球乳液膜及混合乳液膜的形貌。
第四章总结了全文的研究结果,得出了研究结论。
Hollow polymer microsphere latex is widely used in many industries, such as coating, paper making and leather. Such microspheres have also potential applications as microcapsule materials in cosmetic and pharmacy area, and so on. Therefore, hollow polymer microsphere attracts many attentions and the research about hollow polymer microsphere becomes deeper and deeper along with time. In this dissertation, hollow polymer microsphere with large size and high hollowness was successfully prepared, and film-forming of the hollow polymer microsphere latex was preliminarily studied.
In chapter one, the references about hollow polymer microsphere latex was reviewed. Firstly, the application industries and potential applications of hollow polymer microsphere were listed, including coating, leather, cosmetic, pharmacy, and so on. Then preparation methods including alkali (and acid) swell, suspension polymerization, SPG film emulsification technique, W/O/W emulsion polymerization and template technique were selectively introduced. At last, the film-forming of polymer latex was introduced. The film-forming process and the forces during film-forming were analyzed. The film-forming theories were introduced. The influence factors on minimum film-forming temperature were discussed. The film-forming of core-shell polymer latex was especially introduced.
In chapter two, the preparation technics and characterization of hollow polymer microsphere latex in this dissertation were explained. First, P(methyl acrylic acid-methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate) copolymer microspheres were synthesized. Then, seeded emulsion polymerization of enlarging the. sizes of the copolymer microspheres was carried out. Using the second step microspheres as core layers particles, the copolymerization of St and MAA at their surfaces formed shell layers. As the result, core-shell polymer microsphere latex of P(methyl acrylic acid-methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate) / P(methyl acrylic acid-styrene) was synthesized. At last, the core-shell microspheres were treated by means of stepwise swell with alkali and acid solutions at an appropriate high temperature. Thus the microspheres with special hollow structure were obtained. The sizes and morphologies of polymer microspheres at every emulsion polymerization step and swell were characterized by means of DLS, TEM and FESEM. During the experiment, the effects of emulsifier, initiator, monomers proportion and the feed speed of pre-emulsification mixture on the size distributions when seed, core polymer particles and core-shell polymer particles preparation were examined. The effects of monomers proportion on glass transition temperature of core polymer and hollowness of hollow polymer microsphere were examined. The content of core-shell polymer was improved when swell with alkali and acid by adding emulsifier.
In chapter three, the film-forming of the hollow polymer microsphere latex was studied. The hollow polymer microsphere latex formed film at high temperature. The mixture of the hollow polymer microsphere latex and a kind of soft latex of acrylate polymer could easily form film at 20℃. The morphologies of the hollow polymer microsphere latex film and the mixed latex film were observed by FESEM.
In chapter four, the research work of this dissertation was summarized, and the conclusion was brought forward.
引文
[1]靳丽强,刘宗林,徐清华等.现代化工,2003,23(9):27-30.
[2]Fujio S,Yoshiaki Z,Osamu K.Method for producing hollow polymer particle[P].JP,030113.2002.
[3]Okubo M,Minami H.Colloid Polym Sci,1996,274(5):433-438.
[4]郝冬梅,唐小真,施凯等.合成橡胶工业,2000,23(1):28-30.
[5]Gill I,Ballesteros A.JAm Chem Soc,1998,120(34):8587-8598.
[6]Stewart S,Liu G J.Chem Mater,1999,11(4):1048-1054.
[7]Sundberg D C,Casassa A P,Pantazopoulos J,et al.J Appl Polym Sci,1990,41(7):1425.
[8]Okubo M,Ichikawa K.Colloid Polym Sci,1994,272(8):933-937.
[9]Ma G H,Omi S,Dimonie V L.Appl Polym Sci,2002,85(7):1530-1543.
[10]McDonald C J,Bouck K,Chaput A B,et al.Macromolecules,2000,33(5):1593-1605.
[11]林晓丹,李德强,周盾白等.涂料工业:2004,34(8):55-57.
[12]廉望荣,湘潭.造纸化学品1999(3):10-14.
[13]张革仓,冯建波.湖北造纸,2001(3):26-28.
[14]王保,赵文杰,朱万亮.纸和造纸,2003(6):24-26.
[15]孙静,程建丽,魏德卿.皮革科学与工程,2006,16(2):48-49.
[16]荆春贵,孙大庆.皮革化工,1997,19(26):20-22.
[17]Abrutynes,Gressani T M.Antiperspirant containing a hydrophobic macroporous polymer as the suspending agent[P].USP,5387411.1995.
[18]Nache.Cosmetics & Toiletries,1995,110(9);25-30.
[19]Sojka M F.Controlled release compositions and method[P].USP,6491953.2002.
[20]Keenan A C,Lau W,Schwartz C.Hydrophobic oil aborbing polymers and process[P].USP,6770285.2004.
[21]邢福保,成国祥,杨炳兴.胶体与聚合物,2003,21(6):39-42.
[22]Liu S Y,Weaver J V M,Save M,et al.Langmuir,2002,18:8350-8357.
[23]Blankenship R M.Encapsulated hydrophilic polymers and their preparation[P].USP 5494971.1996.
[24]Touda H,Takagishi Y,Kaino M.Process for preparation of latex of hollow polymer[P].USP,5360827.1994.
[25]Wang M,Jiang M,Ning F L,et al.Macromolecules,2002,35:5980-5989.
[26]Lee D I,Mulders M R,et al.Hollow polymer latex particles[P].USP,5521253.1996.
[27]Okubo M,Konishi Y,Inohara T,et al.J Appl Polym Sci,2002,86(5):1087-1091.
[28]Okubo M,Minami H.Colloid Polym Sci,1997,275:992-997.
[29]Omi S,Ma G H,Nagai M.Macromol Symp,2000,151:319-330.
[30]Omi S,MatsudaA,Imamura K,et al.Colloids Surf A,1999,153(1-3):373-381.
[31]Nuisin R,Ma G H,Omi S,et al.JAppl Polym Sci,2000,77(5):1013-1028.
[32]白飞燕,方仕江.胶体与聚合物,2004,23(4):26-30.
[33]Mann S,Burkett S L,Davis S A,et al.Chem Mater,1997,9(11):2300-2310.
[34]Hubert D H W,Jung M,German A L.Adv Mater,2000,12(7):1291-1294.
[35]Etemad S G,Etesamin,Bagherir.Drying Technology,2002,20(9):1843-1854.
[36]Liao Q,then L S,Qu X Z,et al.Colloid Interface Sci,2000,227:84-89.
[37]Routha F,Russelw B.Ind Eng Chem Res,2001,(40):4302-4308.
[38]Tan MengKwang.塑料工业,1996,(4):32-35.
[39]Winnik M A.The Formation and Properties of Latex Film in Emulsion Polymerziation and Emulsion Polymers[M].NewYork,1997.
[40]袁显永,霍东霞,王红英.包装工程,2006,27(3):14-16
[41]Steward P A,Hearn J,Wilkinson M C.Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2000,(86):195-267.
[42]Tirumkudulum S,Russelw B.Langmuir,2004,(20):2947-2961.
[43]Toussaint A,Wilde M D.Prog Org Coat,1997,30:113-126.
[44]袁显永,霍东霞,王红英.高分子通报,2006,(8):64-69.
[45]贾世军,朱世雄,廖琦等.化学通报,1999(9):30-38.
[46]Visschers M,Laven J,vander Linde R.Prog Org Coat,1997,31:31-323.
[47]Mason G,Morrow N.J.Colloid Interface Sci,1986,109:46-56.
[48]卞明哲,(译).江苏建材,2002(1):6-10.
[49]Visschers M,Laven J,German AL.Prog Org Coat,1997,30:39-49.
[50]Routh A F,Russel W B.Langmuir,1999,15:7762-7773.
[51]Yirumkudulu MS,Russel W B.Langmuir,2004,20:2947-2961.
[52]Eckersley S T,Rudin A.J Coat Techn,1990,62:89-100.
[53]Keddie J L.Mater Sci Eng,1997,21:116-117.
[54]Park Y J,Khew M C,et al.Colloid Polym Sci,1998,276:709-714.
[55]Park Y K,Lee D Y,Ho C C,et al.Colloid SurfA,1998,139:49-54.
[56]Joanicot M,Granier V,Wong K.Prog Org Coat,1997,32:109-118.
[57]魏邦柱.胶乳·乳液应用技术.北京,化学工业出版社,2003.
[58]李秀平,范胜华.河北化工,2003(5):21-22.
[59]Jensen D P,Morgan L W.JAppl Polym Sci,1991,42:2845.
[60]屈小中、唐亚林、陈柳生等.科学通报,2001,46(3):205-209.
[61]Mazur S,Bacherbaner R,Buckholz J.Langmuir,1997,13:4287-4294.
[62]秦总根,涂伟萍,夏正斌.皮革化工,2005,22(1):3-7.
[63]林宣益.化学建材,2004(4):14-19.
[64]Robe G.R,Mitchell J.M,(Translation).Waterborne and High Solids Coatings,2000,(11):4-5.
[65]Taylor J W,Klots D Y.European Coatings Journal,2002,(6):38-54.
[66]刘会元,牛广轶.涂料工业,2003,33(8):29-31.
[67]Malmstr M E,Hulta,Geddeuw,et al.Polymer,1997(38):4873-4879.
[68]Claesson H,Malmster M E,Jonsson M,et a.l.Polymer,2002(43):3511-3518.
[69]Cao T Y,Xu Yongshen,Su Yuncheng et al.J Appl Polym Sci,1990,41:1965-1975.
[70]Santos F D D,Fabre P,Drujon X.J Polym Sci,Part B:Polym Phys,2000,(38):298.
[71]唐传兵,储富祥.中国胶粘剂,2001,10(6):30-35.
[72]孙志娟,张心亚,黄洪等.北京化工大学学报,2006,33(3):23-27.
[73]管蓉,鲁德平,艾照全等.湖北大学学报(自然科学版),1996,18(3):227-230;
[74]潘祖仁.高分子化学(第三版).北京,化学工业出版社,2003.
[75]胡金生,曹同玉,刘庆普.乳液聚合.北京:化学工业出版社,1987.
[76]Brandrup J,Immergut E H.Polymer Handbook[M].New York'London'Sydney:Interscience,1966.
[77]孙培勤,赵科,刘大壮等.高校化学工程学报,2000,14(4):340-345.
[78]白飞燕,方仕江.高校化学工程学报,2006,20(5):792-797.
[79]Pavlyuchenko V R,Byrdina N,Ivanchev S S,et al.J Polym Sci,Part A:Polym Chem.2001,39:1435-1449.
[80]朱万章.上海涂料,2004,42(2):236.
[2]Fujio S,Yoshiaki Z,Osamu K.Method for producing hollow polymer particle[P].JP,030113.2002.
[3]Okubo M,Minami H.Colloid Polym Sci,1996,274(5):433-438.
[4]郝冬梅,唐小真,施凯等.合成橡胶工业,2000,23(1):28-30.
[5]Gill I,Ballesteros A.JAm Chem Soc,1998,120(34):8587-8598.
[6]Stewart S,Liu G J.Chem Mater,1999,11(4):1048-1054.
[7]Sundberg D C,Casassa A P,Pantazopoulos J,et al.J Appl Polym Sci,1990,41(7):1425.
[8]Okubo M,Ichikawa K.Colloid Polym Sci,1994,272(8):933-937.
[9]Ma G H,Omi S,Dimonie V L.Appl Polym Sci,2002,85(7):1530-1543.
[10]McDonald C J,Bouck K,Chaput A B,et al.Macromolecules,2000,33(5):1593-1605.
[11]林晓丹,李德强,周盾白等.涂料工业:2004,34(8):55-57.
[12]廉望荣,湘潭.造纸化学品1999(3):10-14.
[13]张革仓,冯建波.湖北造纸,2001(3):26-28.
[14]王保,赵文杰,朱万亮.纸和造纸,2003(6):24-26.
[15]孙静,程建丽,魏德卿.皮革科学与工程,2006,16(2):48-49.
[16]荆春贵,孙大庆.皮革化工,1997,19(26):20-22.
[17]Abrutynes,Gressani T M.Antiperspirant containing a hydrophobic macroporous polymer as the suspending agent[P].USP,5387411.1995.
[18]Nache.Cosmetics & Toiletries,1995,110(9);25-30.
[19]Sojka M F.Controlled release compositions and method[P].USP,6491953.2002.
[20]Keenan A C,Lau W,Schwartz C.Hydrophobic oil aborbing polymers and process[P].USP,6770285.2004.
[21]邢福保,成国祥,杨炳兴.胶体与聚合物,2003,21(6):39-42.
[22]Liu S Y,Weaver J V M,Save M,et al.Langmuir,2002,18:8350-8357.
[23]Blankenship R M.Encapsulated hydrophilic polymers and their preparation[P].USP 5494971.1996.
[24]Touda H,Takagishi Y,Kaino M.Process for preparation of latex of hollow polymer[P].USP,5360827.1994.
[25]Wang M,Jiang M,Ning F L,et al.Macromolecules,2002,35:5980-5989.
[26]Lee D I,Mulders M R,et al.Hollow polymer latex particles[P].USP,5521253.1996.
[27]Okubo M,Konishi Y,Inohara T,et al.J Appl Polym Sci,2002,86(5):1087-1091.
[28]Okubo M,Minami H.Colloid Polym Sci,1997,275:992-997.
[29]Omi S,Ma G H,Nagai M.Macromol Symp,2000,151:319-330.
[30]Omi S,MatsudaA,Imamura K,et al.Colloids Surf A,1999,153(1-3):373-381.
[31]Nuisin R,Ma G H,Omi S,et al.JAppl Polym Sci,2000,77(5):1013-1028.
[32]白飞燕,方仕江.胶体与聚合物,2004,23(4):26-30.
[33]Mann S,Burkett S L,Davis S A,et al.Chem Mater,1997,9(11):2300-2310.
[34]Hubert D H W,Jung M,German A L.Adv Mater,2000,12(7):1291-1294.
[35]Etemad S G,Etesamin,Bagherir.Drying Technology,2002,20(9):1843-1854.
[36]Liao Q,then L S,Qu X Z,et al.Colloid Interface Sci,2000,227:84-89.
[37]Routha F,Russelw B.Ind Eng Chem Res,2001,(40):4302-4308.
[38]Tan MengKwang.塑料工业,1996,(4):32-35.
[39]Winnik M A.The Formation and Properties of Latex Film in Emulsion Polymerziation and Emulsion Polymers[M].NewYork,1997.
[40]袁显永,霍东霞,王红英.包装工程,2006,27(3):14-16
[41]Steward P A,Hearn J,Wilkinson M C.Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2000,(86):195-267.
[42]Tirumkudulum S,Russelw B.Langmuir,2004,(20):2947-2961.
[43]Toussaint A,Wilde M D.Prog Org Coat,1997,30:113-126.
[44]袁显永,霍东霞,王红英.高分子通报,2006,(8):64-69.
[45]贾世军,朱世雄,廖琦等.化学通报,1999(9):30-38.
[46]Visschers M,Laven J,vander Linde R.Prog Org Coat,1997,31:31-323.
[47]Mason G,Morrow N.J.Colloid Interface Sci,1986,109:46-56.
[48]卞明哲,(译).江苏建材,2002(1):6-10.
[49]Visschers M,Laven J,German AL.Prog Org Coat,1997,30:39-49.
[50]Routh A F,Russel W B.Langmuir,1999,15:7762-7773.
[51]Yirumkudulu MS,Russel W B.Langmuir,2004,20:2947-2961.
[52]Eckersley S T,Rudin A.J Coat Techn,1990,62:89-100.
[53]Keddie J L.Mater Sci Eng,1997,21:116-117.
[54]Park Y J,Khew M C,et al.Colloid Polym Sci,1998,276:709-714.
[55]Park Y K,Lee D Y,Ho C C,et al.Colloid SurfA,1998,139:49-54.
[56]Joanicot M,Granier V,Wong K.Prog Org Coat,1997,32:109-118.
[57]魏邦柱.胶乳·乳液应用技术.北京,化学工业出版社,2003.
[58]李秀平,范胜华.河北化工,2003(5):21-22.
[59]Jensen D P,Morgan L W.JAppl Polym Sci,1991,42:2845.
[60]屈小中、唐亚林、陈柳生等.科学通报,2001,46(3):205-209.
[61]Mazur S,Bacherbaner R,Buckholz J.Langmuir,1997,13:4287-4294.
[62]秦总根,涂伟萍,夏正斌.皮革化工,2005,22(1):3-7.
[63]林宣益.化学建材,2004(4):14-19.
[64]Robe G.R,Mitchell J.M,(Translation).Waterborne and High Solids Coatings,2000,(11):4-5.
[65]Taylor J W,Klots D Y.European Coatings Journal,2002,(6):38-54.
[66]刘会元,牛广轶.涂料工业,2003,33(8):29-31.
[67]Malmstr M E,Hulta,Geddeuw,et al.Polymer,1997(38):4873-4879.
[68]Claesson H,Malmster M E,Jonsson M,et a.l.Polymer,2002(43):3511-3518.
[69]Cao T Y,Xu Yongshen,Su Yuncheng et al.J Appl Polym Sci,1990,41:1965-1975.
[70]Santos F D D,Fabre P,Drujon X.J Polym Sci,Part B:Polym Phys,2000,(38):298.
[71]唐传兵,储富祥.中国胶粘剂,2001,10(6):30-35.
[72]孙志娟,张心亚,黄洪等.北京化工大学学报,2006,33(3):23-27.
[73]管蓉,鲁德平,艾照全等.湖北大学学报(自然科学版),1996,18(3):227-230;
[74]潘祖仁.高分子化学(第三版).北京,化学工业出版社,2003.
[75]胡金生,曹同玉,刘庆普.乳液聚合.北京:化学工业出版社,1987.
[76]Brandrup J,Immergut E H.Polymer Handbook[M].New York'London'Sydney:Interscience,1966.
[77]孙培勤,赵科,刘大壮等.高校化学工程学报,2000,14(4):340-345.
[78]白飞燕,方仕江.高校化学工程学报,2006,20(5):792-797.
[79]Pavlyuchenko V R,Byrdina N,Ivanchev S S,et al.J Polym Sci,Part A:Polym Chem.2001,39:1435-1449.
[80]朱万章.上海涂料,2004,42(2):236.