基于多种通讯模式的三相电能表设计
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摘要
从最初的感应式电表到现在大规模使用的电子式电能表,电能表的使用已经有了一百多年的历史。现代高端的电子式电能表在准确度、功能多样性、可靠性等方面有了很大提高。智能电网的发展对测量表计提出了新的要求,包括信息采集数字化、通信平台标准化、软硬件设计模块化、功能智能化以及完善的通信安全体系。
本文采用MCU+专用测量芯片ATT7022B设计了一种基于多种通讯模式的三相电子式电能表,外部通讯有电力线载波、GPRS、RS485三种模式,系统准确度和可靠性高,功能丰富且成本较低。
全文共分为5个部分:
第1章为绪论部分,主要介绍电能表发展现状及趋势,指出了课题的研究背景及意义,阐述了本文的主要研究内容。
第2章是对基于多种通讯模式的三相电能表的相关原理的阐述,主要包括电能表测量原理分析,SPI和I2C总线通信原理以及电能表与上位机的通讯模式研究。
第3章是硬件设计部分。在第二章基本原理分析的基础上,根据电能表的功能要求进行了相关电路的设计,主要包括信息采集和电能测量模块,数据存储模块,外部通讯模块,电源模块和MCU外围电路设计。
第4章是软件设计部分。软件设计是在层次化基础上,对每个层次进行模块化设计,主要包括系统初始化模块,时钟模块,掉电处理模块,电能测量模块,外部通讯模块,SPI总线模块,以及I2C总线的软件实现。
结论部分总结本文的主要工作,提出系统的创新点和不足,指出了今后的研究方向。
From the initial inductive meters to the popular used electronic meter, electronic power meter has a history of more than 100 years. Modern high-end electric meter had greatly inproved in accuracy, reliability, and function diversity,etc. The development of intelligent grid put forward new requirements to measuring meter, including digital information collection, standardized communication platform, modular software and hardware design, intelligent function and perfect communication security system.
Paper designed a three-phase electronic meter based on multi-communication mode, using MCU and special measuring chip ATT7022B. There are three external communication modes, them are power line carrier-current, GPRS, and RS485. The meter has high accuracy and reliability, rich function, and low price. Full text is divided into five parts.
Chapter 1 is the introduction part, which introduced the development statusnd tendency of energy meters, pointed out the background adn significance of the research, and expounded the main research contents of this paper.
Chapter 2 expouned the relevant principle of three-phase energy meter, including the principle of energy metering and communication using SPI and I2C bus, and the research of lower level channel and uplink channel of communication.
Chapter 3 is the hardware design part. Based on the basic principle analysis in chapter 2, and according to the function requirements of energy meter,designed the related circuit. Including the information collecting and electricity measuring module, data storage module, external communication module, power supply module and the disigning of MCU peripthe circuit.
Chapter 4 is the software design part. Software design is based on the hierarchical, modular designed each level, including system initialization, the clock module, drop electric processing modules, electricity measurement modules, external communication module, SPI bus module, and the I2C bus software realization.
The conclusion of this paper summarized the main work, innovative point system is presented and the shortage, points out the future research direction.
本文采用MCU+专用测量芯片ATT7022B设计了一种基于多种通讯模式的三相电子式电能表,外部通讯有电力线载波、GPRS、RS485三种模式,系统准确度和可靠性高,功能丰富且成本较低。
全文共分为5个部分:
第1章为绪论部分,主要介绍电能表发展现状及趋势,指出了课题的研究背景及意义,阐述了本文的主要研究内容。
第2章是对基于多种通讯模式的三相电能表的相关原理的阐述,主要包括电能表测量原理分析,SPI和I2C总线通信原理以及电能表与上位机的通讯模式研究。
第3章是硬件设计部分。在第二章基本原理分析的基础上,根据电能表的功能要求进行了相关电路的设计,主要包括信息采集和电能测量模块,数据存储模块,外部通讯模块,电源模块和MCU外围电路设计。
第4章是软件设计部分。软件设计是在层次化基础上,对每个层次进行模块化设计,主要包括系统初始化模块,时钟模块,掉电处理模块,电能测量模块,外部通讯模块,SPI总线模块,以及I2C总线的软件实现。
结论部分总结本文的主要工作,提出系统的创新点和不足,指出了今后的研究方向。
From the initial inductive meters to the popular used electronic meter, electronic power meter has a history of more than 100 years. Modern high-end electric meter had greatly inproved in accuracy, reliability, and function diversity,etc. The development of intelligent grid put forward new requirements to measuring meter, including digital information collection, standardized communication platform, modular software and hardware design, intelligent function and perfect communication security system.
Paper designed a three-phase electronic meter based on multi-communication mode, using MCU and special measuring chip ATT7022B. There are three external communication modes, them are power line carrier-current, GPRS, and RS485. The meter has high accuracy and reliability, rich function, and low price. Full text is divided into five parts.
Chapter 1 is the introduction part, which introduced the development statusnd tendency of energy meters, pointed out the background adn significance of the research, and expounded the main research contents of this paper.
Chapter 2 expouned the relevant principle of three-phase energy meter, including the principle of energy metering and communication using SPI and I2C bus, and the research of lower level channel and uplink channel of communication.
Chapter 3 is the hardware design part. Based on the basic principle analysis in chapter 2, and according to the function requirements of energy meter,designed the related circuit. Including the information collecting and electricity measuring module, data storage module, external communication module, power supply module and the disigning of MCU peripthe circuit.
Chapter 4 is the software design part. Software design is based on the hierarchical, modular designed each level, including system initialization, the clock module, drop electric processing modules, electricity measurement modules, external communication module, SPI bus module, and the I2C bus software realization.
The conclusion of this paper summarized the main work, innovative point system is presented and the shortage, points out the future research direction.
引文
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[5]张征容.智能电网浅述.云南电力技术,2009,37(3):28,56
[6]林宇锋,钟金,吴复立.智能电网技术体系探讨. 2009,33(12):1-14
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[12]陈春霖,陈琰.信息化服务“智能电网”的初步探索.华东电力,2009,37(6):895-898
[13] Nagaraju M,Praveen Kumar T. Networked electronic energy meters with power quality analysis. In:Power Quality’98. Hyderabad,India. 1998. New York,NY,USA:IEEE,1998:45-47
[14]程彦华.电子式电能表的特性分析及应用.青海电力,2003(3):17-18
[15]赵伟.电子式电能表及其在现代用电管理中的应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2001:132-139
[16]郑龙.南方电网电能表应用现状及发展趋势的研究.广东电力,2009,22(11):14-17,57
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[18]赵四海.高精度电度表的研制:[华东理工大学硕士学位论文].上海:华东理工大学,2003,2-3
[19] David G. Hart,Using AMI to realize the Smart Grid. IEEE Power and Energy Society 2008 General Meeting,2008,60(3):607-613
[20] Dong-Joo Kang,Jong Hyuk Park. Intelligent Decision-Making System with Green Pervasive Computing for Renewable Energy Business in Electricity Markets on Smart Grid.Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Volume 2009,6(4):523-527
[21] Kim Seon Gu,Hur Seong. Smart grid and its implications for electricity market design. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology. 2010(5):1-7
[22]碧波,曾伟民.关于电能采集与计费系统的讨论.电力系统自动化,1998,22(11):70-73
[23]张红,王成梅.电力系统常用交流采样方法比较.华北电力技术,1999,(4):25-27
[24]张艳平,李益华.电力系统微机监控的交流采样方法研究.长沙电力学院学报,2000(3):39-41
[25] Texas instruments,MSP430 Architecture and Module library User’s Guide,2002
[26]梁德坚,刘玉琼. SPI总线数据远距离传输实现.电子测试,2009(1):72-74
[27]胡立群,陈敦军.基于SPI互连的多串口系统.电子设计工程,2010,18(12):67-70
[28]贾伟,邵左文,张玉猛.基于SPI总线的高速串行数据采集系统设计.研究与开发,2007,26(4):37-40
[29]胡邦南. SPI总线一主多从方式的应用.宜春学院学报,2006,28(6):58-59
[30]白明方,杨瑞峰.基于SPI总线的双机通信系统设计.机械管理开发,2010,25(6):181-182
[31]郭静华,欧阳斌林. SPI总线从机接口实时模拟的实现.东北农业大学学报,2007,38(5):669-671
[32] Smith T M,Sondergeld C H,Chandra S R. Gassmann fluid substitutions:A tutorial.Geophysics,2003,68(2):430-440
[33]吕艳. I2C总线技术在并行口扩展方面的应用.安徽冶金科技职业学院学报,2009,19(2):58-60
[34]陈章余.基于I2C串行总线在单片机系统中的数据读写.计算机工程应用技术,2009,5(32):58-61
[35]董艳锋,田海峰,秦文华,等. I2C串行总线存储技术在单片机系统中的应用.山西电子技术,2007(4):19-20
[36]邓忠华,李霞,陈浩. I2C总线技术在单片机串行扩展中的应用.武汉理工大学学报,2005,29(2):227-229
[37]以软件实现I2C总线规程的方案.郑州铁路职业学院学报,2005,17(4):36-37,43
[38]杜琼,周一届.电力线载波通信技术.华北电力技术,2005(2):43-47
[39] Nicholson JR , Malack JA.R.F , Impedance of Power Lines and Line Impedance Stabilization in Conducted Interference Measurements.IEEE Transon Electromagetic Compatibility,1973,EMC-15:84-86
[40]鲍卫兵,唐立梅.电力线载波通信方案设计.电测与仪表,2003,40(6):32-36
[41]高峰,董亚波.低压电力线载波通信中信号传输特性分析.电力系统自动化,2000,24(7):36-40
[42]吕捷. GPRS技术.北京,北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[43]石成锵,陈冲.基于2.5代移动通信(GPRS)的配电自动化通信解决方案.福建电脑,2003(3):11-13
[44] Douglas E.Comer. Computer Networds And Internets. Prentice Hall Inc,America.2000
[45] C Dugas. Wireless Solution for Optimum Monitoring of Automatic Meter Reading. Euroheat and Power,2004,(3):52-57
[46] I Graabak,O.S Grande,J Ikaheimo,S Karkkainen. Establishment of Automatic Meter Reading and Load Management , Experiences and Cost/Benefit. POWERCON,2004,(2):1333-1338
[47] I Frigui,R Stone,A.S Alfa. Message Delay for a Priority-Based Automatic Meter Reading Network. Computer Communications,1997,20(1):38-47
[48] H Ouchida,M Fukushima,K Murata,I Kamata,R Maruyama. Development of Automatic Meter Reading System to Bulk Customer.IEE Conference Publication,1996,426:144-148
[49] A Abdollahi , M Dehghani , N Zamazadeh. SMS-based Reconfigurable Auto-matic Meter Reading System. Control Applications,CCA 2007,IEEE International Conference on 1-3,Oct. 2007:1003-1107
[50]孙东,韩绍坤,邢怀飞.自制RS232/RS485转换器应用.电子测量技术,2005(3):11-13
[51]李德庆,宋斌. RS422/RS485总线模型分析与应用.电子元器件应用,2008(1):41-43
[52]成晓庆,晏波,黄自祥. RS422、RS485接口电路设计中应注意的几个问题.电子工程,2005(1):32-35
[53]扶小飞.基于ATT7022B的多功能电子式电能表的研究与设计:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2009:19-21
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[2]张文亮,刘壮志,王明俊.智能电网的研究进展及发展趋势.电网技术,2009,33(13):1-11
[3]裴玮,齐智平.智能电网的概念、关键技术及其在我国的前景.电网,2010(1):11-14
[4]韩晓平.智能电网—信息革命和新能源革命的整合.电力需求侧管理,2009,11(2):5-7
[5]张征容.智能电网浅述.云南电力技术,2009,37(3):28,56
[6]林宇锋,钟金,吴复立.智能电网技术体系探讨. 2009,33(12):1-14
[7]美国能源部. Grid 2030. www. electricity. doe. gov. 2003
[8]金美星.电能表行业发展现状及前景分析.电气设备,2007,8(8):106-107
[9]吴玲艳.感应式电能表与电子式电能表的分析比较.内蒙古电力技术,2006(24):71-72
[10]曾乃鸿.电子式电能表的发展现状和展望.华东电力,2001(9):24-26
[11]王剑平,吴越.透过华立看电能表的发展.电气时代,2004(2):30-31
[12]陈春霖,陈琰.信息化服务“智能电网”的初步探索.华东电力,2009,37(6):895-898
[13] Nagaraju M,Praveen Kumar T. Networked electronic energy meters with power quality analysis. In:Power Quality’98. Hyderabad,India. 1998. New York,NY,USA:IEEE,1998:45-47
[14]程彦华.电子式电能表的特性分析及应用.青海电力,2003(3):17-18
[15]赵伟.电子式电能表及其在现代用电管理中的应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2001:132-139
[16]郑龙.南方电网电能表应用现状及发展趋势的研究.广东电力,2009,22(11):14-17,57
[17]董力通,周原冰,李蒙.智能电网对智能电表的要求及产业发展建议.能源技术经济,2010,22(1):15-17
[18]赵四海.高精度电度表的研制:[华东理工大学硕士学位论文].上海:华东理工大学,2003,2-3
[19] David G. Hart,Using AMI to realize the Smart Grid. IEEE Power and Energy Society 2008 General Meeting,2008,60(3):607-613
[20] Dong-Joo Kang,Jong Hyuk Park. Intelligent Decision-Making System with Green Pervasive Computing for Renewable Energy Business in Electricity Markets on Smart Grid.Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Volume 2009,6(4):523-527
[21] Kim Seon Gu,Hur Seong. Smart grid and its implications for electricity market design. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology. 2010(5):1-7
[22]碧波,曾伟民.关于电能采集与计费系统的讨论.电力系统自动化,1998,22(11):70-73
[23]张红,王成梅.电力系统常用交流采样方法比较.华北电力技术,1999,(4):25-27
[24]张艳平,李益华.电力系统微机监控的交流采样方法研究.长沙电力学院学报,2000(3):39-41
[25] Texas instruments,MSP430 Architecture and Module library User’s Guide,2002
[26]梁德坚,刘玉琼. SPI总线数据远距离传输实现.电子测试,2009(1):72-74
[27]胡立群,陈敦军.基于SPI互连的多串口系统.电子设计工程,2010,18(12):67-70
[28]贾伟,邵左文,张玉猛.基于SPI总线的高速串行数据采集系统设计.研究与开发,2007,26(4):37-40
[29]胡邦南. SPI总线一主多从方式的应用.宜春学院学报,2006,28(6):58-59
[30]白明方,杨瑞峰.基于SPI总线的双机通信系统设计.机械管理开发,2010,25(6):181-182
[31]郭静华,欧阳斌林. SPI总线从机接口实时模拟的实现.东北农业大学学报,2007,38(5):669-671
[32] Smith T M,Sondergeld C H,Chandra S R. Gassmann fluid substitutions:A tutorial.Geophysics,2003,68(2):430-440
[33]吕艳. I2C总线技术在并行口扩展方面的应用.安徽冶金科技职业学院学报,2009,19(2):58-60
[34]陈章余.基于I2C串行总线在单片机系统中的数据读写.计算机工程应用技术,2009,5(32):58-61
[35]董艳锋,田海峰,秦文华,等. I2C串行总线存储技术在单片机系统中的应用.山西电子技术,2007(4):19-20
[36]邓忠华,李霞,陈浩. I2C总线技术在单片机串行扩展中的应用.武汉理工大学学报,2005,29(2):227-229
[37]以软件实现I2C总线规程的方案.郑州铁路职业学院学报,2005,17(4):36-37,43
[38]杜琼,周一届.电力线载波通信技术.华北电力技术,2005(2):43-47
[39] Nicholson JR , Malack JA.R.F , Impedance of Power Lines and Line Impedance Stabilization in Conducted Interference Measurements.IEEE Transon Electromagetic Compatibility,1973,EMC-15:84-86
[40]鲍卫兵,唐立梅.电力线载波通信方案设计.电测与仪表,2003,40(6):32-36
[41]高峰,董亚波.低压电力线载波通信中信号传输特性分析.电力系统自动化,2000,24(7):36-40
[42]吕捷. GPRS技术.北京,北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[43]石成锵,陈冲.基于2.5代移动通信(GPRS)的配电自动化通信解决方案.福建电脑,2003(3):11-13
[44] Douglas E.Comer. Computer Networds And Internets. Prentice Hall Inc,America.2000
[45] C Dugas. Wireless Solution for Optimum Monitoring of Automatic Meter Reading. Euroheat and Power,2004,(3):52-57
[46] I Graabak,O.S Grande,J Ikaheimo,S Karkkainen. Establishment of Automatic Meter Reading and Load Management , Experiences and Cost/Benefit. POWERCON,2004,(2):1333-1338
[47] I Frigui,R Stone,A.S Alfa. Message Delay for a Priority-Based Automatic Meter Reading Network. Computer Communications,1997,20(1):38-47
[48] H Ouchida,M Fukushima,K Murata,I Kamata,R Maruyama. Development of Automatic Meter Reading System to Bulk Customer.IEE Conference Publication,1996,426:144-148
[49] A Abdollahi , M Dehghani , N Zamazadeh. SMS-based Reconfigurable Auto-matic Meter Reading System. Control Applications,CCA 2007,IEEE International Conference on 1-3,Oct. 2007:1003-1107
[50]孙东,韩绍坤,邢怀飞.自制RS232/RS485转换器应用.电子测量技术,2005(3):11-13
[51]李德庆,宋斌. RS422/RS485总线模型分析与应用.电子元器件应用,2008(1):41-43
[52]成晓庆,晏波,黄自祥. RS422、RS485接口电路设计中应注意的几个问题.电子工程,2005(1):32-35
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