三相电子式多功能电能表的研制
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摘要
随着电能计量自动化的推广和大用户抄表的普及,以及全国避峰电价政策的全面推行,三相电子式多功能电能表的需求迅速上升。本课题根据电力市场的这种应用需求结合现阶段国内外多功能电能表的特点,严格参照相关国家标准,研制了一款精度较高、性能稳定、抗干扰能力强、符合新一代电力行业通信规约DL/T645-2007《多功能电能表通信协议》的电子式多功能电能表。
本文首先介绍了电能表的发展历程和应用现状,以及电能表的技术发展趋势,然后对目前两种比较流行的多功能电能表设计方案进行了比较,在综合考虑性能和成本后,确定了系统的总体设计方案,即采用专用计量芯片ATT7022B加微控制器ATmega128协同设计的方案。计量芯片提供系统功能所需的各种参数,微控制器负责对参数进行处理、存储和显示。
硬件电路设计根据功能把系统划分为电源单元、电能采集单元、控制单元、存储单元、时钟单元、负荷控制单元以及通信单元等,其中重点设计了电源电路和RS-485通信防雷电路。结合硬件电路设计,系统对软件部分做了整体架构。为了增强软件系统的可读性和维护性,软件编程均采用模块化的程序设计。文中通过程序流程图简要分析了系统的工作原理和软件编程要点。通过软硬件结合的调试,最终实现了电能表有功无功电能的分时计量、需量计量、电网异常监测等功能。
最后对电子电能表的可靠性进行了设计研究。针对计量表计安装现场存在强电场和磁场干扰这一特点,从硬件设计和软件设计两个方面采取了有效的抗干扰措施,确保整个系统能够在现场环境中稳定工作。
本课题研制的三相电子式多功能电能表在功能和性能上基本上满足了系统的设计要求,并且在实验室环境下运行和测试时没有出现过意外死机、按键响应过慢或者显示乱码等情况。
With the promotion of energy measurement automation and the popularity of large customers meter reading, as well as the full implementation of the policy about energy prices relating to the rate periods and billing, the demand of three phase electronic multifunction watt-hour meter is growing rapidly. According to this application of the electricity market demand as well as the characteristics of multifunction energy meter at home and abroad at present, strictly referring to the relevant national standards, a high precision, stable performance, strong anti-jamming ability multifunction meter was developed. It is in line with the new generation of power industry communication protocol DL/T645-2007: multi-function watt-hour meter communication protocol.
At first, the paper introduced the development process of the energy meter and its application status, as well as its technological development trend. Then two of the current popular multi-function watt-hour meter design schemes were compared. After considering the performance and costs, the system's design program was determined. It is a collaborative design using special energy metering IC ATT7022B plus MCU ATmega128. Energy metering IC provides various parameters of system functionality needed and MCU is responsible for parameter processing, displaying and storage.
In accordance with the function of the system, hardware circuit was divided into power supply unit, energy acquisition unit, control unit, storage unit, real time clock unit, load control unit and communication unit, etc. This focused on the design of the power circuit and RS-485 lightning protection circuit. Combination of hardware circuit design, the paper makes overall software architecture. In order to enhance the readability and maintainability of software system, the design of software adopts modularization programming. Through the flow chart, the article has a brief analysis of the working principle and the main points of software programming. After software programming and debugging, the energy meter has achieved its function ultimately, which include active and reactive energy measurement time,demand metering, key display, anomaly monitor, events record, query and other functions.
At last, the reliability of electronic energy meter has been designed and researched. Counter electromagnetic interference measures have been taken both in hardware and in to ensure that the system can work in the field environment stable.
The three phase electronic multifunction energy meter developed by the subject is basically to meet the design requirements of the system in functionality and performance, and in a lab environment testing there have been no accidental crash, key responding too slowly, or display garbled and so on.
本文首先介绍了电能表的发展历程和应用现状,以及电能表的技术发展趋势,然后对目前两种比较流行的多功能电能表设计方案进行了比较,在综合考虑性能和成本后,确定了系统的总体设计方案,即采用专用计量芯片ATT7022B加微控制器ATmega128协同设计的方案。计量芯片提供系统功能所需的各种参数,微控制器负责对参数进行处理、存储和显示。
硬件电路设计根据功能把系统划分为电源单元、电能采集单元、控制单元、存储单元、时钟单元、负荷控制单元以及通信单元等,其中重点设计了电源电路和RS-485通信防雷电路。结合硬件电路设计,系统对软件部分做了整体架构。为了增强软件系统的可读性和维护性,软件编程均采用模块化的程序设计。文中通过程序流程图简要分析了系统的工作原理和软件编程要点。通过软硬件结合的调试,最终实现了电能表有功无功电能的分时计量、需量计量、电网异常监测等功能。
最后对电子电能表的可靠性进行了设计研究。针对计量表计安装现场存在强电场和磁场干扰这一特点,从硬件设计和软件设计两个方面采取了有效的抗干扰措施,确保整个系统能够在现场环境中稳定工作。
本课题研制的三相电子式多功能电能表在功能和性能上基本上满足了系统的设计要求,并且在实验室环境下运行和测试时没有出现过意外死机、按键响应过慢或者显示乱码等情况。
With the promotion of energy measurement automation and the popularity of large customers meter reading, as well as the full implementation of the policy about energy prices relating to the rate periods and billing, the demand of three phase electronic multifunction watt-hour meter is growing rapidly. According to this application of the electricity market demand as well as the characteristics of multifunction energy meter at home and abroad at present, strictly referring to the relevant national standards, a high precision, stable performance, strong anti-jamming ability multifunction meter was developed. It is in line with the new generation of power industry communication protocol DL/T645-2007: multi-function watt-hour meter communication protocol.
At first, the paper introduced the development process of the energy meter and its application status, as well as its technological development trend. Then two of the current popular multi-function watt-hour meter design schemes were compared. After considering the performance and costs, the system's design program was determined. It is a collaborative design using special energy metering IC ATT7022B plus MCU ATmega128. Energy metering IC provides various parameters of system functionality needed and MCU is responsible for parameter processing, displaying and storage.
In accordance with the function of the system, hardware circuit was divided into power supply unit, energy acquisition unit, control unit, storage unit, real time clock unit, load control unit and communication unit, etc. This focused on the design of the power circuit and RS-485 lightning protection circuit. Combination of hardware circuit design, the paper makes overall software architecture. In order to enhance the readability and maintainability of software system, the design of software adopts modularization programming. Through the flow chart, the article has a brief analysis of the working principle and the main points of software programming. After software programming and debugging, the energy meter has achieved its function ultimately, which include active and reactive energy measurement time,demand metering, key display, anomaly monitor, events record, query and other functions.
At last, the reliability of electronic energy meter has been designed and researched. Counter electromagnetic interference measures have been taken both in hardware and in to ensure that the system can work in the field environment stable.
The three phase electronic multifunction energy meter developed by the subject is basically to meet the design requirements of the system in functionality and performance, and in a lab environment testing there have been no accidental crash, key responding too slowly, or display garbled and so on.
引文
[1]杨世海,程彦华.电测仪表及其应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2009: 42.
[2]朱敬涛,阎祥安,王刚.基于电能芯片ADE7758的三相多功能工业电能表的研究[D].天津大学, 2007: 1.
[3] Chia-Lin Yang. Software-Controlled Cache Architecture for Energy Efficiency, IEEE Transactions on Circuits&Systems for Video Technology, May 2005, 15(5): 634-644.
[4] Pejic Dragan, Vujicic Vladimir. Accuracy Limit of High-Precision StochasticWatt-Hour Meter[J], IEEE Transactions on Instmmentatlon&Measurement, Jun 2000, 49(3): 617-620.
[5]王先冲.电工科技简史[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 1995: 35-38.
[6]王月志.电能计量技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2007: 1.
[7]李静,杨以涵.数字式多功能电能计量装置的研制与开发[D].华北电力大学, 2008: 3.
[8] Sheng Li-feng, Jin Xin-yu, Zhang Yu, Cheng Xiao-ya.Intelligent check and management system for watt-hour meters by using PDA and GPRS technology[J]. Editorial Dept of East China Electric Power, 2006, 34(1): 23-25.
[9]吴安览,李书跃,郑小平.电能计量基础及新技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2008: 42.
[10]李楠,屈百达.基于MC68HC908LJ12的三相多功能电能表的研究[D].江南大学, 2008: 2.
[11]李友红.多功能电能表计量应用的现状与展望[J].电测与仪表, 2007(4): 32-35.
[12] P.L.So. Development of A Test Bed for Power Line Communications.IEEE Transaction on consumer electronics. 2004, 50(4): 1174-1182.
[13] I.Hakki Cavdar. Performance Analysis of FSK Power Line Communications Systems Over the Time-varying Channels: Measuerments and Modeling. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 19(1): 111-117.
[14]陈光,刘玉军.我国电能表应用现状及其发展趋势[J].电气时代, 2008(11): 86-89.
[15]从培建,张庆超,王立宁.三相电子式多功能电能表的研究[D].天津大学, 2007: 2.
[16]范龙章.电能表的技术发展及其趋势[J].上海计量测试, 2009(1): 45-47.
[17]王祥莉,张亚非,焦继伟.基于CMOS数模混合技术的防窃电电能计量芯片设计[D].上海交通大学, 2008: 7.
[18]刘鹏,滕召胜.基于71M6513的三相多功能电能表设计[D].湖南大学, 2008: 3.
[19]张清恒,金新宇.基于DSP的多功能电能计量表[D].浙江大学, 2007: 4.
[20] (日)户川治朗.实用电源电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006: 4.
[21]珠海炬力集成电路有限公司. ATT7022B用户手册[DB/OL].http://www.Actions.com, 2005-03-08
[22]张虎,黎洪生.用于取水计量的三相数字远传电能表设计[D].武汉理工大学, 2007: 18.
[23] Zhong Chen-yun, Wang Kang-yuan. Elecromegnetism compatibility of intelligentelectricity meter[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2001, 35(6): 681-683.
[24]珠海炬力集成电路有限公司. ATT7022B应用笔记[DB/OL].http://www.Actions.com.cn, 2005-03-08.
[25]陈冬云,杜敬仓,任柯燕等. ATmega 128单片机原理与开发指导[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005: 4-6.
[26] ATMEL. ATmega128 Data Sheet[DB/OL]. http://www.atmel.com.
[27]深圳兴宇合电子有限公式. JBG12864E01 Data sheet[DB/OL]. http:// www.xyhlcd.com.
[28]李泓. AVR单片机入门与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2008: 161.
[29]戴仙金. 51单片机及其C语言程序开发实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2008: 176.
[30]龙子夜,张杰,寇琼月.新型铁电存储器在电力无线监测系统中的应用[J].武汉工业学院学报, 2007(6): 82-84.
[31] Ramtron Internationa lCorporation. FM24C64Data Sheet[DB/OL]. http://www.alldatasheet.com, 2005-03-01.
[32]钱君霞,伊斌,魏新棒.基于I2C总线的日历时钟PCF8563在MSP430中的应用[J].现代电力, 2005(6): 72-75.
[33]杨效余,钱玮.实时时钟/日历芯片PCF8563在智能火灾报警控制器中的应用[J].自动化技术与应用, 2006(2): 64-67.
[34]边春元,李文涛,江杰等. C51单片机典型模块设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2008: 125.
[35] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS. 65HVD3082E Data Sheet[DB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2003-03.
[36] Toth Endre, Franco Ana Maria Ribeiro, Debatin Rosane M. Power and Energy Reference system, Applying Dual-Channel Sampling, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, 2005, 54(1): 404-408.
[37] Daniel W.lewis. Fundamentals of embedded software where C and Assembly meet[M]. USA: Pearson Education, 2002: 87-96.
[38] (美) Richard Barnett, Larry O’Cull, Sarah Cox.嵌入式C编程与Atmel AVR[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2003: 168.
[39]杨正忠,耿德根. AVR单片机应用开发指南及实例精解[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008: 152.
[40]陆燕.电能表需量周期试验方法的分析[J].浙江电力, 2008(5): 73-75.
[41]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会. DL/T645-2007多功能电能表通信规约.北京:中国电力出版社, 2008: 3-15.
[42] Toth Endre, Franco Ana Maria Ribeiro, Debatin Rosane M.. Power and Energy Reference System, Applying Dual-Channel Sampling[J], IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation& Measurement, Feb2005, 54(1): 404-408.
[43] Grebenyuk G., Solov’ev M.. Continuous Price Regulation to Form the Desired Load Schedule of a Power System[J]. Automation&Remote Control, May2004, 65(5): 834-839.
[44] Analog Devices Inc..Energy Metering IC with Pulse Output ADE7755[DB/OL]. http://www.analog.com, 2002.
[45]郑军奇.电子产品设计EMC风险评估[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2008: 1.
[46]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会. DL/T614-2007多功能电能表.北京:中国电力出版社, 2008: 12.
[47]刘光斌,刘冬,姚志成.单片机系统实用抗干扰技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2003: 333.
[2]朱敬涛,阎祥安,王刚.基于电能芯片ADE7758的三相多功能工业电能表的研究[D].天津大学, 2007: 1.
[3] Chia-Lin Yang. Software-Controlled Cache Architecture for Energy Efficiency, IEEE Transactions on Circuits&Systems for Video Technology, May 2005, 15(5): 634-644.
[4] Pejic Dragan, Vujicic Vladimir. Accuracy Limit of High-Precision StochasticWatt-Hour Meter[J], IEEE Transactions on Instmmentatlon&Measurement, Jun 2000, 49(3): 617-620.
[5]王先冲.电工科技简史[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 1995: 35-38.
[6]王月志.电能计量技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2007: 1.
[7]李静,杨以涵.数字式多功能电能计量装置的研制与开发[D].华北电力大学, 2008: 3.
[8] Sheng Li-feng, Jin Xin-yu, Zhang Yu, Cheng Xiao-ya.Intelligent check and management system for watt-hour meters by using PDA and GPRS technology[J]. Editorial Dept of East China Electric Power, 2006, 34(1): 23-25.
[9]吴安览,李书跃,郑小平.电能计量基础及新技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2008: 42.
[10]李楠,屈百达.基于MC68HC908LJ12的三相多功能电能表的研究[D].江南大学, 2008: 2.
[11]李友红.多功能电能表计量应用的现状与展望[J].电测与仪表, 2007(4): 32-35.
[12] P.L.So. Development of A Test Bed for Power Line Communications.IEEE Transaction on consumer electronics. 2004, 50(4): 1174-1182.
[13] I.Hakki Cavdar. Performance Analysis of FSK Power Line Communications Systems Over the Time-varying Channels: Measuerments and Modeling. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 19(1): 111-117.
[14]陈光,刘玉军.我国电能表应用现状及其发展趋势[J].电气时代, 2008(11): 86-89.
[15]从培建,张庆超,王立宁.三相电子式多功能电能表的研究[D].天津大学, 2007: 2.
[16]范龙章.电能表的技术发展及其趋势[J].上海计量测试, 2009(1): 45-47.
[17]王祥莉,张亚非,焦继伟.基于CMOS数模混合技术的防窃电电能计量芯片设计[D].上海交通大学, 2008: 7.
[18]刘鹏,滕召胜.基于71M6513的三相多功能电能表设计[D].湖南大学, 2008: 3.
[19]张清恒,金新宇.基于DSP的多功能电能计量表[D].浙江大学, 2007: 4.
[20] (日)户川治朗.实用电源电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006: 4.
[21]珠海炬力集成电路有限公司. ATT7022B用户手册[DB/OL].http://www.Actions.com, 2005-03-08
[22]张虎,黎洪生.用于取水计量的三相数字远传电能表设计[D].武汉理工大学, 2007: 18.
[23] Zhong Chen-yun, Wang Kang-yuan. Elecromegnetism compatibility of intelligentelectricity meter[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2001, 35(6): 681-683.
[24]珠海炬力集成电路有限公司. ATT7022B应用笔记[DB/OL].http://www.Actions.com.cn, 2005-03-08.
[25]陈冬云,杜敬仓,任柯燕等. ATmega 128单片机原理与开发指导[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005: 4-6.
[26] ATMEL. ATmega128 Data Sheet[DB/OL]. http://www.atmel.com.
[27]深圳兴宇合电子有限公式. JBG12864E01 Data sheet[DB/OL]. http:// www.xyhlcd.com.
[28]李泓. AVR单片机入门与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2008: 161.
[29]戴仙金. 51单片机及其C语言程序开发实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2008: 176.
[30]龙子夜,张杰,寇琼月.新型铁电存储器在电力无线监测系统中的应用[J].武汉工业学院学报, 2007(6): 82-84.
[31] Ramtron Internationa lCorporation. FM24C64Data Sheet[DB/OL]. http://www.alldatasheet.com, 2005-03-01.
[32]钱君霞,伊斌,魏新棒.基于I2C总线的日历时钟PCF8563在MSP430中的应用[J].现代电力, 2005(6): 72-75.
[33]杨效余,钱玮.实时时钟/日历芯片PCF8563在智能火灾报警控制器中的应用[J].自动化技术与应用, 2006(2): 64-67.
[34]边春元,李文涛,江杰等. C51单片机典型模块设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2008: 125.
[35] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS. 65HVD3082E Data Sheet[DB/OL]. http://www.ti.com, 2003-03.
[36] Toth Endre, Franco Ana Maria Ribeiro, Debatin Rosane M. Power and Energy Reference system, Applying Dual-Channel Sampling, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, 2005, 54(1): 404-408.
[37] Daniel W.lewis. Fundamentals of embedded software where C and Assembly meet[M]. USA: Pearson Education, 2002: 87-96.
[38] (美) Richard Barnett, Larry O’Cull, Sarah Cox.嵌入式C编程与Atmel AVR[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2003: 168.
[39]杨正忠,耿德根. AVR单片机应用开发指南及实例精解[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008: 152.
[40]陆燕.电能表需量周期试验方法的分析[J].浙江电力, 2008(5): 73-75.
[41]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会. DL/T645-2007多功能电能表通信规约.北京:中国电力出版社, 2008: 3-15.
[42] Toth Endre, Franco Ana Maria Ribeiro, Debatin Rosane M.. Power and Energy Reference System, Applying Dual-Channel Sampling[J], IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation& Measurement, Feb2005, 54(1): 404-408.
[43] Grebenyuk G., Solov’ev M.. Continuous Price Regulation to Form the Desired Load Schedule of a Power System[J]. Automation&Remote Control, May2004, 65(5): 834-839.
[44] Analog Devices Inc..Energy Metering IC with Pulse Output ADE7755[DB/OL]. http://www.analog.com, 2002.
[45]郑军奇.电子产品设计EMC风险评估[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2008: 1.
[46]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会. DL/T614-2007多功能电能表.北京:中国电力出版社, 2008: 12.
[47]刘光斌,刘冬,姚志成.单片机系统实用抗干扰技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2003: 333.