思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育研究
摘要
随着我国现代化进程的不断推进,公民社会逐渐兴起,公民意识教育的价值和重要作用愈益凸显。加强公民意识教育,是新时期社会主义民主政治建设的一项基础工程,也是思想政治教育的重要内容。党的十七大报告在关于社会主义民主政治的论述中,首次明确提出“加强公民意识教育,树立社会主义民主法治、自由平等、公平正义理念”的重要论断,将公民意识教育提到了一个前所未有的高度。
文章以思想政治教育为视角,系统梳理了思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的理论基础,剖析了思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的重要性,在借鉴国外公民意识教育的理论和实践对我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育启示的基础上,对思想政治教育和公民意识教育的关系进行辨析和界定,以调查问卷的数据及相关分析为依据,对思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容和途径进行了较为深入地研究。
全文由七部分构成,具体内容可概括如下：
第一章,绪论。着重阐明了思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育研究这一课题的研究缘起、研究意义、研究现状、研究思路和研究方法,为本课题的研究提供指向。本论文的研究是基于：第一,社会现代化转型的需要。公民社会的发展需要人们具有公民意识。公民社会为人的全面发展提供了一个有利的空间,关注公民社会中公民意识的培养为思想政治教育注入了新的活力。第二,当前思想政治教育发展的需要。思想政治教育和公民意识教育是既有联系又有区别的两个概念,思想政治教育强调个人对国家和社会的服从和责任；公民意识教育则强调公民的权利和义务。公民意识的提升在很大程度上要靠公民意识教育。在我国,思想政治教育的发展较为成熟,具备坚实的基础,在新的历史条件下进行公民意识教育依托思想政治教育将会取得事半功倍的效果,同时也是对思想政治教育的丰富和发展。第三,提高公民意识的需要。公民意识教育基础薄弱直接阻碍了公民意识的形成和发展,加强思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育是提高公民意识的需要。本研究的意义体现在两方面：第一,开拓研究视角,在新的历史条件下开展思想政治教育工作,需要与时俱进,充实新的内容。公民意识教育成为思想政治教育新的元素和突破口。第二,以科学发展观为指导,在构建公民社会和社会主义和谐社会建设过程中不断探索和创新思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容和途径,对提高公民意识具有重要的实践意义。本研究的基本思路是：首先系统研究思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育理论以及西方公民意识教育理论的有关论述;明确我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的重要性；借鉴国外公民意识教育的理论和实践的丰富内容；对思想政治教育与公民意识教育的关系进行辨析和界定：对我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容和途径进行探索。
第二章,思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的理论基础。本章总结了我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的理论基础,主要包括马克思主义、列宁、毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛的公民意识教育理论的论述,这些是马克思主义在不同历史时期的具体体现,为我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育提供与时俱进的指导。本章较系统地梳理了西方国家公民意识教育的理论。西方国家较具代表性的公民意识教育理论主要有自由主义的公民意识教育理论、共和主义的公民意识教育理论、社群主义的公民意识教育理论和多元文化主义的公民意识教育理论。通过对当代西方公民意识教育理论的分析可以看出,不同的公民意识教育理论体现不同的价值取向。自由主义倡导人性的解放,尊重公民在民主社会中的自由与平等。共和主义重视国家的整体利益,注重培养公民爱国主义精神社会责任感。社群主义重视培养对社群的认同感。多元文化主义尊重多元文化,关注弱势群体利益的问题。西方公民意识教育理论的合理成分可以为我国思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育提供一些借鉴和参考。
第三章,部分国家公民意识教育的理论与实践比较研究。论文选取美国、英国、法国和新加坡等四个有代表性的国家,对其公民意识教育的理论和实践进行整理分析,对我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育具有启示意义。这些国家关注权利义务意识教育、爱国主义意识教育、参与意识教育、社会道德意识教育等。旨在明确公民的权利、义务和责任,培养公民具有参与社会政治生活的情感、态度和能力,具有政治信仰的公民。注重发挥隐性教育对人们公民意识形成的作用,体现在多种教育途径中。不仅关注公民道德课程和其他课程的课堂教学；注重学校、家庭和社会的环境熏陶教育的作用；重视实践教育在公民意识教育中的作用；还大力提倡媒体教育和网络教育等新型教育途径。通过这些途径,有利于公民形成普遍认同的内心行为准则,培养公民的情感与态度,提高公民生活的能力与技能。同时,锻炼了协作和团体合作的能力,有利于培养学生的责任意识。
第四章,思想政治教育与公民意识教育的关系。本章首先通过问卷调查,对公民的公民意识、公民意识教育、思想政治教育及其关系等相关问题的看法进行分析。接着对思想政治教育和公民意识教育的涵义进行分析,以此为基础对思想政治教育与公民意识教育的关系进行辨析,认为思想政治教育与公民意识教育具有内在统一性：思想政治教育为公民意识教育提供基础和条件,公民意识教育是思想政治教育的补充和发展；思想政治教育与公民意识教育存在差异性：教育对象不同,层次性不同,教育内容不同,教育方法不同等。继而分析了公民意识教育存在的困境,探究了思想政治教育为公民意识教育提供的一些新的视野。据此,文章对加强思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的发展进行论述。鉴于在我国思想政治教育已经具有相当的基础,将公民意识教育充实到思想政治教育中去更为恰当,也有利于思想政治教育和公民意识教育的发展。本章阐述了思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的必要性和重要意义。其必要性体现在：第一,思想政治教育保持与时俱进的必要。第二,明确公民意识教育学科定位的需要。其重要意义是：第一,重视思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育是社会主义市场经济发展的需要。第二,重视思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育是社会主义民主法治发展的需要。第三,重视思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育是社会主义精神文明培育的需要。以此为基础提出了加强思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的路径选择。第一,增强思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的主体性。第二,完善思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容。第三,拓宽思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的途径。关于思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容和途径将在第五章和第六章详述。
第五章,思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的重要内容。应当在把握思想政治导向的同时,用公民教育理念来夯实现行思想政治教育的内涵。主要内容为：第一,主体意识教育。公民社会的建立赋予了社会成员主体资格,使社会成员从法律上人格和身份的不平等变为平等。主体意识理所当然成为公民社会中公民意识的首要内容。思想政治教育视野下的主体意识教育应包括个人意识教育、国家意识教育和全球意识教育等。第二,社会公德意识是公民意识中很关键的内容。社会公德是人们在社会公共生活中应当共同遵守的行为准则,它规范和调节人们在公共生活中的相互关系,是适用于全体社会成员的公共道德规范。社会公德意识教育应至少包括自由平等意识教育、诚实守信意识教育和道德责任意识教育。第三,法律意识教育。法律意识教育可以为培养法律意识,为社会主义公民社会和和谐社会的建设提供保障,至少应包括民主法治意识教育、公平正义意识教育和权利义务意识教育。第四,生态思想政治教育是培养公民树立科学生态伦理观的重要手段和有效途径。通过广泛的生态思想政治教育,将生态学的基本原理、知识、原则运用到思想政治教育之中,普及生态环境基本知识,提高公民的生态素质和生态意识,倡导科学的生态伦理观,获得公民的广泛的认同感和支持感,达到公民用人与自然和谐的理念处理人与自然关系的目标,这是落实科学发展观的基本要求。生态思想政治理论意识教育主要包括生态思想意识教育、生态政治意识教育和生态道德意识教育。
第六章,思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的途径。本章对思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的途径进行探索,认为主要有以下途径：第一,课堂教育。重视马克思主义理论课和思想政治教育课中公民意识教育,在这些课程的讲授中突出公民意识教育的主要思想,将这些思想转化为学生自身的公民意识,强化公民意识教育的效果；注重其他学科中的公民意识教育,在专业课程的教学中不仅要传授学生专业知识,而且也要向学生传播隐含在专业课程中的世界观、人生观和价值观。第二,环境熏陶教育。环境熏陶教育包括校园环境熏陶教育、家庭环境熏陶教育和社会环境熏陶教育,他们对于公民意识教育起到了潜移默化的作用。只有将它们结合起来,才能充分发挥环境熏陶教育对公民意识教育的作用,增强公民意识教育的实效性。第三,实践教育。实践可以有效地保障思想政治教育目的的实现,在公民意识教育过程中,要将公民意识教育融入生活之中,通过实践教育的途径来切实提高公民意识。实践教育可以通过校内实践教育和校外实践教育来实现。第四,网络教育。随着信息技术的迅速发展,利用网络不仅可以直接获得所需要的信息资源,还可以进行互动评论,我们应当将网络可以公民意识教育的新阵地,充分发挥其导向作用。
第七章,结语。对整篇博士论文进行总体描述,明确了本文主要结论和下一步研究方向。介绍了本文创新点体现在三个方面,一是研究视角具有新意。目前理论界从思想政治教育视角出发,系统探讨思想政治教育与公民意识教育关系的研究成果尚不多见。本论文将“思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育”作为专门的论题,并在此方面力求有所突破。二是研究思路有新意。本研究针对目前公民意识教育面临的困境,从思想政治教育出发提供公民意识教育的新视野,力图实现思想政治教育和公民意识教育的“双赢”。三是研究结论有新意。本研究在认真分析调查问卷基础上,立足于我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的历史经验和现实依据,借鉴国外公民意识教育的成熟经验和做法,对思想政治教育与公民意识教育关系进行辨析和界定,提出了构建思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育内容和途径的设想。
With the continuous advance of China's modernization process and gradual rise of civil society, the value and the significance of civic awareness education is increasingly prominent. Strengthen civic awareness education is the basic project of socialist democracy construction in the new period, and also an important content of ideological and political education. The report of seventeenth national Congress on the discussion of socialist democracy, for the first time clearly stated,"to strengthen civic awareness education, and establish the concept of socialist democracy、freedom and equality, fairness and justice"。The important thesis pushes the civic awareness education to an unprecedented height.
The paper systematically combed the theoretical basis of civic awareness education, analyzes the importance of civic education in ideological and political education perspective, analyzes and define the relations of ideological and political education with civic awareness education on the basis of learning from the theory and practice of the foreign countries'civic awareness education. Conduct a more in-depth study on the content and ways of civic awareness education based on the questionnaire data and related analysis under the vision of ideological and political education political education.
The whole test composed of seven parts, the specific content can be summarized as follows:
Chapter I, introduction. Highlighting the origin, significance、status quo、ideas and methods of the research which on the subject of civic awareness education from the perspective of ideological and political education.Firstly, meet the needs for transformation of social modernization. Development of civil society needs people with a sense of civic responsibility. Civil society has provided a favorable space for human's overall development, civic awareness training which in it has injected new vitality for the ideological and political education.Secondly, meet the needs for the development of the current ideological and political education. Ideological and political education with civic awareness education are two concepts which both connect and different with each other. Ideological and political education emphasizes individual obedience and responsibility to the country and society. Civic awareness education stress civil rights and obligations. The enhancement of the civil awareness in a large part depends on the civil awareness education. In China, the ideological and political education is relatively mature, and already has a solid foundation. So to conduct civic awareness education which relying on ideological and political education in the new historical conditions will not only obtain a multiple effect, but also an enrichment and development for the ideological and political education. Thirdly, meet the needs for enhancement of civic awareness. A weak foundation of civic awareness education is directly impedes the formation and development of civic awareness. To strengthen the ideological and political education under the vision of civic education are the needs for raising awareness of citizens. Significance of this study is reflected in two aspects:first, to extend research perspective. To conduct ideological and political education in the new historical conditions need keep pace with the times and update the content. Civic awareness education becomes the new element and breakthrough of ideological and political education. Second, to explore the content and ways of civic education, guided in the scientific concept of development, under the vision of civic education in the process of building civil society and in building socialist harmonious society, it plays an important role in improving citizen's awareness. The basic idea of this study is as follows:first, systematic study of western civic education theory and the relevant discussion of civic awareness education theory in ideological and political education perspective; Make clear the importance of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education in our country; Reference to rich content of the theory and practice in foreign citizenship education; Analysis and define the relationship of the ideological and political education and citizenship education.
Chapter II, theoretical foundation of civic education in ideological and political education perspective. This chapter summarizes the theoretical basis of citizenship education under the ideological and political education in our country, including Marxism-Leninism theory, discussion of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, on citizenship education under the vision of ideological and political education, which are the specific embodiment of Marxist in different historical periods, and provide the newest guidance for citizenship education under the vision of ideological and political education. This chapter systematically combs the theory of western countries'civic education. Representative civic education theories in western countries are mainly as follows:liberal civic education theory, republican civic education theory, communalism civic education theory and multiculturalism civic education theory. Through the analysis to present western civic awareness education theory we can see, different civic education theory reflects different values. Liberalism advocates the liberation of humanity, respect for citizens freedom and equality in a democratic society. Republican emphasize on the country's overall interests, stress to cultivate civic patriotism and social responsibility. Communalism emphasize on training of Communalism identity. Multiculturalism, respect for cultural diversity, attention to interests of vulnerable groups. Rational components of western civic awareness education theory can provide some reference for the civic education in ideological and political education perspective.
Chapter Ⅲ, Comparative study on part of the nation's civic awareness education theory and practice. The Paper selected four representative countries:the United States, Britain, France and Singapore and analysis their civic awareness education theories and practices, which have been a revelation to our country's civic education in ideological and political education perspective. Those countries concern about rights awareness education、obligations awareness education, patriotism awareness education, participation awareness education, and social morality awareness education, and aim at clarify citizens' rights, obligations and responsibilities, cultivate feelings, attitudes and abilities of civic participation in social and political life to grant citizens with political beliefs. They pay attention to the role that recessive form of education play on people's civic awareness, which is reflected in a variety of educational pathways. They not only concern about classroom teaching such as civic virtue and other courses, but also focus on school, family and social environment influence and emphasize on practical education, vigorously promote new means of education such as media education and online education, etc. These channels help citizens to form the generally accepted inner code of conduct, foster civic emotions and attitudes, and improve the capacity and skills of civic life. Meanwhile, they enhance the ability of collaboration and groups working, which in favor of students'sense of responsibility.
Chapter IV, relationship between the ideological and political education and civic awareness education. This chapter begins by questionnaire、analysis awareness of citizens, civic awareness education, ideological and political education and views on other issues related to it. Then to analyze the meaning of the ideological and political education and civic education, as a basis for analysis on the relationship of the ideological and political education and civic awareness education, at the same time believe that ideological and political education and civic awareness education has intrinsic unity:the ideological and political education provide the basis and conditions for civic awareness education, civic awareness education is the complement and development of ideological and political education; There are some differences between Ideological and political education and civic education:education at different targets, at different levels, with different teaching methods and so on.Then analyzes the plight of civic education, ideological and political education for civic education to provide some new perspectives. Accordingly, the article discusses the development of civic education from the perspective of ideological and political education. In view of the country's considerable basis in ideological and political education, so add civic education to the ideological and political education are more appropriate, and also do good for the development of ideological and political education and civic education. This chapter describes the ideological and political education, civic education under the vision of the necessity and significance. Its necessity reflected in:first, the necessary for ideological and political education to keep up with the times. Second, meet the needs for clearly positioning civic awareness education. The significance is as follows:First, pay attention to civic awareness education under the vision of ideological and political education are the needs for the development of socialist marketing economy. Second, pay attention to civic awareness education under the vision of ideological and political education are the needs for the development of national socialist rule of law. Third, pay attention to civic awareness education under the vision of ideological and political education are the needs for the cultivation of socialist spiritual civilization. Propose the path to strengthen the ideological and political education on the basis of the above viewpoints under the vision of civic awareness education. First, strengthen subjectivity of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education. Second, improve the ideological and political education, civic education under the vision of ideological and political education. Third, broaden the way of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education. The way and the content of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education will be described in Chapters V and VI.
Chapter V, Important contents of civic awareness education from the perspective of ideological and political education. We should grasp the ideological and political orientation, and at the same time using the concept of civic education to reinforce the content of the current ideological and political education. The main contents are as follows:first, the subject awareness education. The establishment of civil society gives the qualification to members of the community, so they turn from inequality legal personality and identity to equality legal personality and identity. Subject awareness becomes a primary content of civic awareness in civil society. Civic awareness education in the perspective of ideological and political education should include personal awareness education, national education and global awareness education. Second, morality civic awareness is a very critical element in civic awareness. Morality refers to that people in public life should comply with the common code of conduct, it regulate and adjust the relationship of people in public life, and it is a public morality that applicable to all members of society. It should include at least the freedom and equality awareness education, honesty and credibility awareness education, morality and responsibility awareness education. Third, legal awareness education. Legal awareness education can foster awareness of the law, and provide protection for the construction of socialist civil society and harmonious society, it at least should include democracy awareness education, fairness and justice education, right and obligations awareness education. Fourth, eco-ideological and political education is an important and effective means to train citizens to establish the view of science and ecological ethics. Through a wide range of eco-ideological and political education, apply the basic theory and principles of ecology to the ideological and political education, popularize the knowledge of ecological environment, improve the citizen's ecological quality and ecological awareness, promote scientific outlook on ecological ethics, access to the broad support and identity of the citizen, to achieve the goal of man live hormone with nature, so as to provide support for the resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and it is the basic requirements of scientific outlook on development. The theory of eco-ideological and political education mainly includes ecological ideology awareness education, ecological politics awareness education and ecological ethics awareness education.
Chapter VI, means for civic education under the vision of ideological and political education. This chapter arms at exploring ways of civic awareness education under the vision of ideological and political education, it mainly in the following ways:First, the classroom education. Emphasis on teaching Marxism theory and civic awareness education in ideological and political class, these courses stress to instill students the main ideas of civic awareness education, and turn these ideas to the student's own sense of civic responsibility, strengthen the effect of civic education; Focus on civic education in other subjects, in the professional curriculum, it not only teach students knowledge, but also extend their world vision, life view and values that implicit in the professional courses. Second, the environment-influenced education. Environment influenced education, including school environment influenced education, family environment influenced education and society environment influenced education, they played a subtle role in civic awareness education. Only get them together, can environment influenced education give full play to the influence on civic awareness education, to enhance the effectiveness of civic awareness education. Third, practice education. Practice can effectively protect the realization of the purpose of ideological and political education, in the process of civic education, to blend civic education in lives, through ways of practice education to effectively promote civic awareness. Practice education can achieved through campus practice education and off-campus practice education. Four, online education. With the rapid development of information technology, use of the network can not only access to the information they need directly, also you can interact with each other by comments, we should regard network as the new positions of civic education network, to fully play its leading role.
Chapter VII, summary. An overall description to the whole doctoral paper, clear define the main conclusion and direction of next step of this research. The innovation of this paper reflected in three aspects, first is the perspective of research with a whole new idea. Current theorists who research in the perspective of ideological and political education and explore systematic the relationship between ideological and political education and civic education research are still rare. Ideological and political education in the Perspective of citizenship education" as special topics, and seek a breakthrough in this regard. Second, the research ideas are new. In this study, the author proceeds from the ideological and political education of a new vision of providing civic education to solve the plight of civic education, trying to achieve "win-win" ideological and political education and civic awareness education.Third, the findings are fresh.This study is based on careful analysis of the questionnaire and on the historical experience and practical basis of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education, learning from the mature experience and practices of foreign countries'civic awareness education, analysising and defining the relationship of ideological and political education and civic education, proposing an assumption on the content and approach of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education.
文章以思想政治教育为视角,系统梳理了思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的理论基础,剖析了思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的重要性,在借鉴国外公民意识教育的理论和实践对我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育启示的基础上,对思想政治教育和公民意识教育的关系进行辨析和界定,以调查问卷的数据及相关分析为依据,对思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容和途径进行了较为深入地研究。
全文由七部分构成,具体内容可概括如下：
第一章,绪论。着重阐明了思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育研究这一课题的研究缘起、研究意义、研究现状、研究思路和研究方法,为本课题的研究提供指向。本论文的研究是基于：第一,社会现代化转型的需要。公民社会的发展需要人们具有公民意识。公民社会为人的全面发展提供了一个有利的空间,关注公民社会中公民意识的培养为思想政治教育注入了新的活力。第二,当前思想政治教育发展的需要。思想政治教育和公民意识教育是既有联系又有区别的两个概念,思想政治教育强调个人对国家和社会的服从和责任；公民意识教育则强调公民的权利和义务。公民意识的提升在很大程度上要靠公民意识教育。在我国,思想政治教育的发展较为成熟,具备坚实的基础,在新的历史条件下进行公民意识教育依托思想政治教育将会取得事半功倍的效果,同时也是对思想政治教育的丰富和发展。第三,提高公民意识的需要。公民意识教育基础薄弱直接阻碍了公民意识的形成和发展,加强思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育是提高公民意识的需要。本研究的意义体现在两方面：第一,开拓研究视角,在新的历史条件下开展思想政治教育工作,需要与时俱进,充实新的内容。公民意识教育成为思想政治教育新的元素和突破口。第二,以科学发展观为指导,在构建公民社会和社会主义和谐社会建设过程中不断探索和创新思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容和途径,对提高公民意识具有重要的实践意义。本研究的基本思路是：首先系统研究思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育理论以及西方公民意识教育理论的有关论述;明确我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的重要性；借鉴国外公民意识教育的理论和实践的丰富内容；对思想政治教育与公民意识教育的关系进行辨析和界定：对我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容和途径进行探索。
第二章,思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的理论基础。本章总结了我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的理论基础,主要包括马克思主义、列宁、毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛的公民意识教育理论的论述,这些是马克思主义在不同历史时期的具体体现,为我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育提供与时俱进的指导。本章较系统地梳理了西方国家公民意识教育的理论。西方国家较具代表性的公民意识教育理论主要有自由主义的公民意识教育理论、共和主义的公民意识教育理论、社群主义的公民意识教育理论和多元文化主义的公民意识教育理论。通过对当代西方公民意识教育理论的分析可以看出,不同的公民意识教育理论体现不同的价值取向。自由主义倡导人性的解放,尊重公民在民主社会中的自由与平等。共和主义重视国家的整体利益,注重培养公民爱国主义精神社会责任感。社群主义重视培养对社群的认同感。多元文化主义尊重多元文化,关注弱势群体利益的问题。西方公民意识教育理论的合理成分可以为我国思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育提供一些借鉴和参考。
第三章,部分国家公民意识教育的理论与实践比较研究。论文选取美国、英国、法国和新加坡等四个有代表性的国家,对其公民意识教育的理论和实践进行整理分析,对我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育具有启示意义。这些国家关注权利义务意识教育、爱国主义意识教育、参与意识教育、社会道德意识教育等。旨在明确公民的权利、义务和责任,培养公民具有参与社会政治生活的情感、态度和能力,具有政治信仰的公民。注重发挥隐性教育对人们公民意识形成的作用,体现在多种教育途径中。不仅关注公民道德课程和其他课程的课堂教学；注重学校、家庭和社会的环境熏陶教育的作用；重视实践教育在公民意识教育中的作用；还大力提倡媒体教育和网络教育等新型教育途径。通过这些途径,有利于公民形成普遍认同的内心行为准则,培养公民的情感与态度,提高公民生活的能力与技能。同时,锻炼了协作和团体合作的能力,有利于培养学生的责任意识。
第四章,思想政治教育与公民意识教育的关系。本章首先通过问卷调查,对公民的公民意识、公民意识教育、思想政治教育及其关系等相关问题的看法进行分析。接着对思想政治教育和公民意识教育的涵义进行分析,以此为基础对思想政治教育与公民意识教育的关系进行辨析,认为思想政治教育与公民意识教育具有内在统一性：思想政治教育为公民意识教育提供基础和条件,公民意识教育是思想政治教育的补充和发展；思想政治教育与公民意识教育存在差异性：教育对象不同,层次性不同,教育内容不同,教育方法不同等。继而分析了公民意识教育存在的困境,探究了思想政治教育为公民意识教育提供的一些新的视野。据此,文章对加强思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的发展进行论述。鉴于在我国思想政治教育已经具有相当的基础,将公民意识教育充实到思想政治教育中去更为恰当,也有利于思想政治教育和公民意识教育的发展。本章阐述了思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的必要性和重要意义。其必要性体现在：第一,思想政治教育保持与时俱进的必要。第二,明确公民意识教育学科定位的需要。其重要意义是：第一,重视思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育是社会主义市场经济发展的需要。第二,重视思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育是社会主义民主法治发展的需要。第三,重视思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育是社会主义精神文明培育的需要。以此为基础提出了加强思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的路径选择。第一,增强思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的主体性。第二,完善思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容。第三,拓宽思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的途径。关于思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的内容和途径将在第五章和第六章详述。
第五章,思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的重要内容。应当在把握思想政治导向的同时,用公民教育理念来夯实现行思想政治教育的内涵。主要内容为：第一,主体意识教育。公民社会的建立赋予了社会成员主体资格,使社会成员从法律上人格和身份的不平等变为平等。主体意识理所当然成为公民社会中公民意识的首要内容。思想政治教育视野下的主体意识教育应包括个人意识教育、国家意识教育和全球意识教育等。第二,社会公德意识是公民意识中很关键的内容。社会公德是人们在社会公共生活中应当共同遵守的行为准则,它规范和调节人们在公共生活中的相互关系,是适用于全体社会成员的公共道德规范。社会公德意识教育应至少包括自由平等意识教育、诚实守信意识教育和道德责任意识教育。第三,法律意识教育。法律意识教育可以为培养法律意识,为社会主义公民社会和和谐社会的建设提供保障,至少应包括民主法治意识教育、公平正义意识教育和权利义务意识教育。第四,生态思想政治教育是培养公民树立科学生态伦理观的重要手段和有效途径。通过广泛的生态思想政治教育,将生态学的基本原理、知识、原则运用到思想政治教育之中,普及生态环境基本知识,提高公民的生态素质和生态意识,倡导科学的生态伦理观,获得公民的广泛的认同感和支持感,达到公民用人与自然和谐的理念处理人与自然关系的目标,这是落实科学发展观的基本要求。生态思想政治理论意识教育主要包括生态思想意识教育、生态政治意识教育和生态道德意识教育。
第六章,思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的途径。本章对思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的途径进行探索,认为主要有以下途径：第一,课堂教育。重视马克思主义理论课和思想政治教育课中公民意识教育,在这些课程的讲授中突出公民意识教育的主要思想,将这些思想转化为学生自身的公民意识,强化公民意识教育的效果；注重其他学科中的公民意识教育,在专业课程的教学中不仅要传授学生专业知识,而且也要向学生传播隐含在专业课程中的世界观、人生观和价值观。第二,环境熏陶教育。环境熏陶教育包括校园环境熏陶教育、家庭环境熏陶教育和社会环境熏陶教育,他们对于公民意识教育起到了潜移默化的作用。只有将它们结合起来,才能充分发挥环境熏陶教育对公民意识教育的作用,增强公民意识教育的实效性。第三,实践教育。实践可以有效地保障思想政治教育目的的实现,在公民意识教育过程中,要将公民意识教育融入生活之中,通过实践教育的途径来切实提高公民意识。实践教育可以通过校内实践教育和校外实践教育来实现。第四,网络教育。随着信息技术的迅速发展,利用网络不仅可以直接获得所需要的信息资源,还可以进行互动评论,我们应当将网络可以公民意识教育的新阵地,充分发挥其导向作用。
第七章,结语。对整篇博士论文进行总体描述,明确了本文主要结论和下一步研究方向。介绍了本文创新点体现在三个方面,一是研究视角具有新意。目前理论界从思想政治教育视角出发,系统探讨思想政治教育与公民意识教育关系的研究成果尚不多见。本论文将“思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育”作为专门的论题,并在此方面力求有所突破。二是研究思路有新意。本研究针对目前公民意识教育面临的困境,从思想政治教育出发提供公民意识教育的新视野,力图实现思想政治教育和公民意识教育的“双赢”。三是研究结论有新意。本研究在认真分析调查问卷基础上,立足于我国思想政治教育视野下公民意识教育的历史经验和现实依据,借鉴国外公民意识教育的成熟经验和做法,对思想政治教育与公民意识教育关系进行辨析和界定,提出了构建思想政治教育视野下的公民意识教育内容和途径的设想。
With the continuous advance of China's modernization process and gradual rise of civil society, the value and the significance of civic awareness education is increasingly prominent. Strengthen civic awareness education is the basic project of socialist democracy construction in the new period, and also an important content of ideological and political education. The report of seventeenth national Congress on the discussion of socialist democracy, for the first time clearly stated,"to strengthen civic awareness education, and establish the concept of socialist democracy、freedom and equality, fairness and justice"。The important thesis pushes the civic awareness education to an unprecedented height.
The paper systematically combed the theoretical basis of civic awareness education, analyzes the importance of civic education in ideological and political education perspective, analyzes and define the relations of ideological and political education with civic awareness education on the basis of learning from the theory and practice of the foreign countries'civic awareness education. Conduct a more in-depth study on the content and ways of civic awareness education based on the questionnaire data and related analysis under the vision of ideological and political education political education.
The whole test composed of seven parts, the specific content can be summarized as follows:
Chapter I, introduction. Highlighting the origin, significance、status quo、ideas and methods of the research which on the subject of civic awareness education from the perspective of ideological and political education.Firstly, meet the needs for transformation of social modernization. Development of civil society needs people with a sense of civic responsibility. Civil society has provided a favorable space for human's overall development, civic awareness training which in it has injected new vitality for the ideological and political education.Secondly, meet the needs for the development of the current ideological and political education. Ideological and political education with civic awareness education are two concepts which both connect and different with each other. Ideological and political education emphasizes individual obedience and responsibility to the country and society. Civic awareness education stress civil rights and obligations. The enhancement of the civil awareness in a large part depends on the civil awareness education. In China, the ideological and political education is relatively mature, and already has a solid foundation. So to conduct civic awareness education which relying on ideological and political education in the new historical conditions will not only obtain a multiple effect, but also an enrichment and development for the ideological and political education. Thirdly, meet the needs for enhancement of civic awareness. A weak foundation of civic awareness education is directly impedes the formation and development of civic awareness. To strengthen the ideological and political education under the vision of civic education are the needs for raising awareness of citizens. Significance of this study is reflected in two aspects:first, to extend research perspective. To conduct ideological and political education in the new historical conditions need keep pace with the times and update the content. Civic awareness education becomes the new element and breakthrough of ideological and political education. Second, to explore the content and ways of civic education, guided in the scientific concept of development, under the vision of civic education in the process of building civil society and in building socialist harmonious society, it plays an important role in improving citizen's awareness. The basic idea of this study is as follows:first, systematic study of western civic education theory and the relevant discussion of civic awareness education theory in ideological and political education perspective; Make clear the importance of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education in our country; Reference to rich content of the theory and practice in foreign citizenship education; Analysis and define the relationship of the ideological and political education and citizenship education.
Chapter II, theoretical foundation of civic education in ideological and political education perspective. This chapter summarizes the theoretical basis of citizenship education under the ideological and political education in our country, including Marxism-Leninism theory, discussion of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, on citizenship education under the vision of ideological and political education, which are the specific embodiment of Marxist in different historical periods, and provide the newest guidance for citizenship education under the vision of ideological and political education. This chapter systematically combs the theory of western countries'civic education. Representative civic education theories in western countries are mainly as follows:liberal civic education theory, republican civic education theory, communalism civic education theory and multiculturalism civic education theory. Through the analysis to present western civic awareness education theory we can see, different civic education theory reflects different values. Liberalism advocates the liberation of humanity, respect for citizens freedom and equality in a democratic society. Republican emphasize on the country's overall interests, stress to cultivate civic patriotism and social responsibility. Communalism emphasize on training of Communalism identity. Multiculturalism, respect for cultural diversity, attention to interests of vulnerable groups. Rational components of western civic awareness education theory can provide some reference for the civic education in ideological and political education perspective.
Chapter Ⅲ, Comparative study on part of the nation's civic awareness education theory and practice. The Paper selected four representative countries:the United States, Britain, France and Singapore and analysis their civic awareness education theories and practices, which have been a revelation to our country's civic education in ideological and political education perspective. Those countries concern about rights awareness education、obligations awareness education, patriotism awareness education, participation awareness education, and social morality awareness education, and aim at clarify citizens' rights, obligations and responsibilities, cultivate feelings, attitudes and abilities of civic participation in social and political life to grant citizens with political beliefs. They pay attention to the role that recessive form of education play on people's civic awareness, which is reflected in a variety of educational pathways. They not only concern about classroom teaching such as civic virtue and other courses, but also focus on school, family and social environment influence and emphasize on practical education, vigorously promote new means of education such as media education and online education, etc. These channels help citizens to form the generally accepted inner code of conduct, foster civic emotions and attitudes, and improve the capacity and skills of civic life. Meanwhile, they enhance the ability of collaboration and groups working, which in favor of students'sense of responsibility.
Chapter IV, relationship between the ideological and political education and civic awareness education. This chapter begins by questionnaire、analysis awareness of citizens, civic awareness education, ideological and political education and views on other issues related to it. Then to analyze the meaning of the ideological and political education and civic education, as a basis for analysis on the relationship of the ideological and political education and civic awareness education, at the same time believe that ideological and political education and civic awareness education has intrinsic unity:the ideological and political education provide the basis and conditions for civic awareness education, civic awareness education is the complement and development of ideological and political education; There are some differences between Ideological and political education and civic education:education at different targets, at different levels, with different teaching methods and so on.Then analyzes the plight of civic education, ideological and political education for civic education to provide some new perspectives. Accordingly, the article discusses the development of civic education from the perspective of ideological and political education. In view of the country's considerable basis in ideological and political education, so add civic education to the ideological and political education are more appropriate, and also do good for the development of ideological and political education and civic education. This chapter describes the ideological and political education, civic education under the vision of the necessity and significance. Its necessity reflected in:first, the necessary for ideological and political education to keep up with the times. Second, meet the needs for clearly positioning civic awareness education. The significance is as follows:First, pay attention to civic awareness education under the vision of ideological and political education are the needs for the development of socialist marketing economy. Second, pay attention to civic awareness education under the vision of ideological and political education are the needs for the development of national socialist rule of law. Third, pay attention to civic awareness education under the vision of ideological and political education are the needs for the cultivation of socialist spiritual civilization. Propose the path to strengthen the ideological and political education on the basis of the above viewpoints under the vision of civic awareness education. First, strengthen subjectivity of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education. Second, improve the ideological and political education, civic education under the vision of ideological and political education. Third, broaden the way of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education. The way and the content of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education will be described in Chapters V and VI.
Chapter V, Important contents of civic awareness education from the perspective of ideological and political education. We should grasp the ideological and political orientation, and at the same time using the concept of civic education to reinforce the content of the current ideological and political education. The main contents are as follows:first, the subject awareness education. The establishment of civil society gives the qualification to members of the community, so they turn from inequality legal personality and identity to equality legal personality and identity. Subject awareness becomes a primary content of civic awareness in civil society. Civic awareness education in the perspective of ideological and political education should include personal awareness education, national education and global awareness education. Second, morality civic awareness is a very critical element in civic awareness. Morality refers to that people in public life should comply with the common code of conduct, it regulate and adjust the relationship of people in public life, and it is a public morality that applicable to all members of society. It should include at least the freedom and equality awareness education, honesty and credibility awareness education, morality and responsibility awareness education. Third, legal awareness education. Legal awareness education can foster awareness of the law, and provide protection for the construction of socialist civil society and harmonious society, it at least should include democracy awareness education, fairness and justice education, right and obligations awareness education. Fourth, eco-ideological and political education is an important and effective means to train citizens to establish the view of science and ecological ethics. Through a wide range of eco-ideological and political education, apply the basic theory and principles of ecology to the ideological and political education, popularize the knowledge of ecological environment, improve the citizen's ecological quality and ecological awareness, promote scientific outlook on ecological ethics, access to the broad support and identity of the citizen, to achieve the goal of man live hormone with nature, so as to provide support for the resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and it is the basic requirements of scientific outlook on development. The theory of eco-ideological and political education mainly includes ecological ideology awareness education, ecological politics awareness education and ecological ethics awareness education.
Chapter VI, means for civic education under the vision of ideological and political education. This chapter arms at exploring ways of civic awareness education under the vision of ideological and political education, it mainly in the following ways:First, the classroom education. Emphasis on teaching Marxism theory and civic awareness education in ideological and political class, these courses stress to instill students the main ideas of civic awareness education, and turn these ideas to the student's own sense of civic responsibility, strengthen the effect of civic education; Focus on civic education in other subjects, in the professional curriculum, it not only teach students knowledge, but also extend their world vision, life view and values that implicit in the professional courses. Second, the environment-influenced education. Environment influenced education, including school environment influenced education, family environment influenced education and society environment influenced education, they played a subtle role in civic awareness education. Only get them together, can environment influenced education give full play to the influence on civic awareness education, to enhance the effectiveness of civic awareness education. Third, practice education. Practice can effectively protect the realization of the purpose of ideological and political education, in the process of civic education, to blend civic education in lives, through ways of practice education to effectively promote civic awareness. Practice education can achieved through campus practice education and off-campus practice education. Four, online education. With the rapid development of information technology, use of the network can not only access to the information they need directly, also you can interact with each other by comments, we should regard network as the new positions of civic education network, to fully play its leading role.
Chapter VII, summary. An overall description to the whole doctoral paper, clear define the main conclusion and direction of next step of this research. The innovation of this paper reflected in three aspects, first is the perspective of research with a whole new idea. Current theorists who research in the perspective of ideological and political education and explore systematic the relationship between ideological and political education and civic education research are still rare. Ideological and political education in the Perspective of citizenship education" as special topics, and seek a breakthrough in this regard. Second, the research ideas are new. In this study, the author proceeds from the ideological and political education of a new vision of providing civic education to solve the plight of civic education, trying to achieve "win-win" ideological and political education and civic awareness education.Third, the findings are fresh.This study is based on careful analysis of the questionnaire and on the historical experience and practical basis of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education, learning from the mature experience and practices of foreign countries'civic awareness education, analysising and defining the relationship of ideological and political education and civic education, proposing an assumption on the content and approach of civic education under the vision of ideological and political education.
引文
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