基于USB的显微镜光学切片图像采集模块设计
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摘要
图像信号的采集和处理在科学研究及工农业生产和公共安全等领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。在细胞生物学研究领域,图像采集也是其中一个非常重要的关键环节,图像采集的速度和采集质量直接影响到后期信息的识别和处理。本文选题于数字共焦显微系统项目中的序列光学切片图像采集课题,目的是配合步进移动的显微镜载物台,对生物组织和细胞进行连续的图像采集。
论文对目前常见的图像采集方案做了实现方法、应用成本及性能等各方面对比,针对本系统设计要求最终选择以USB2.0接口作为数据传输通道,以CYPRESS公司的CY7C68013A芯片作为USB传输控制芯片,以飞利浦公司的SAA7113H芯片作为图像解码芯片来实现图像采集。设计方案针对具体应用要求,舍弃了昂贵的DSP和外部FIF0芯片,利用CY7C68013A的Slave FIFO模式实现与解码芯片的接口,使用USB批量传输方式传输图象数据,充分发挥了PC机的处理能力,最大限度的控制了系统成本,可以实现无损失图像的批量采集功能。设计并实现了图像采集模块。
论文介绍了USB2.0的传输协议、工作原理以及各种传输方式的特点和部分实现细节,详细介绍了ITU-R BT.656接口标准的具体内容。在深入了解CY7C68013A芯片特点、工作模式和SAA7113H的数字视频输出格式的基础上，了采集模块电路原理图、PCB等,并详细介绍了固件程序、固件下载驱动和PC机程序的主要实现方法。
采集模块完成了软硬件设计与调试,硬件设备和软件系统能够协同正常工作,实现了预定的采集性能要求。
Image signal acquisition and processing have been increasingly widely used in the fields including scientific research, industrial and agricultural production, public safety, etc. Image acquisition is also one very important key link in the research of cell biology. The speed and quality of image acquisition directly affect the identification and processing of post-acquisitioned information. This topic is selected from image acquisition projects of microscope optical sectioning, which aims to cooperate with step-moving microscope stage so as to make image acquisition for biological tissue and cell at continuous and regular interval.
Current common image acquisition programs are compared in this paper in areas such as implementation methods, application cost and performance. For the requirements of this system design, USB2.0 interface is finally selected as the data transmission channel, CY7C68013A chip from CYPRESS company as the USB transfer control chip, and SAA7113H chip from Philips as the image decoding chip, so as to achieve image acquisition finally. Abandoning the expensive DSP and external FIFO chip, the design applies the Slave FIFO mode of CY7C68013A to achieving the interface with the decoder chip and with the use of USB bulk transferring image data, the processing power of PC is fully utilized, so as to maximize the control of the system cost and fully meet the system requirements. The image cpturing module is designed and implemented.
This paper introduces USB2.0 transferring protocol, the working principle and characteristics of various transmission methods and some implementation details, and it also includes details of the ITU-R BT.656 interface standard. Basing on in-depth understanding of the characteristics and work patterns of CY7C68013A chip and SAA7113H digital video output format, the design provides collecting system schematic, PCB, etc., and introduces in detail the major implementations for firmware program, firmware download drivers and PC program.
Final debugging of hardware and software systems for the design is completed. It is proved that both hardware and software systems can work collaboratively
论文对目前常见的图像采集方案做了实现方法、应用成本及性能等各方面对比,针对本系统设计要求最终选择以USB2.0接口作为数据传输通道,以CYPRESS公司的CY7C68013A芯片作为USB传输控制芯片,以飞利浦公司的SAA7113H芯片作为图像解码芯片来实现图像采集。设计方案针对具体应用要求,舍弃了昂贵的DSP和外部FIF0芯片,利用CY7C68013A的Slave FIFO模式实现与解码芯片的接口,使用USB批量传输方式传输图象数据,充分发挥了PC机的处理能力,最大限度的控制了系统成本,可以实现无损失图像的批量采集功能。设计并实现了图像采集模块。
论文介绍了USB2.0的传输协议、工作原理以及各种传输方式的特点和部分实现细节,详细介绍了ITU-R BT.656接口标准的具体内容。在深入了解CY7C68013A芯片特点、工作模式和SAA7113H的数字视频输出格式的基础上，了采集模块电路原理图、PCB等,并详细介绍了固件程序、固件下载驱动和PC机程序的主要实现方法。
采集模块完成了软硬件设计与调试,硬件设备和软件系统能够协同正常工作,实现了预定的采集性能要求。
Image signal acquisition and processing have been increasingly widely used in the fields including scientific research, industrial and agricultural production, public safety, etc. Image acquisition is also one very important key link in the research of cell biology. The speed and quality of image acquisition directly affect the identification and processing of post-acquisitioned information. This topic is selected from image acquisition projects of microscope optical sectioning, which aims to cooperate with step-moving microscope stage so as to make image acquisition for biological tissue and cell at continuous and regular interval.
Current common image acquisition programs are compared in this paper in areas such as implementation methods, application cost and performance. For the requirements of this system design, USB2.0 interface is finally selected as the data transmission channel, CY7C68013A chip from CYPRESS company as the USB transfer control chip, and SAA7113H chip from Philips as the image decoding chip, so as to achieve image acquisition finally. Abandoning the expensive DSP and external FIFO chip, the design applies the Slave FIFO mode of CY7C68013A to achieving the interface with the decoder chip and with the use of USB bulk transferring image data, the processing power of PC is fully utilized, so as to maximize the control of the system cost and fully meet the system requirements. The image cpturing module is designed and implemented.
This paper introduces USB2.0 transferring protocol, the working principle and characteristics of various transmission methods and some implementation details, and it also includes details of the ITU-R BT.656 interface standard. Basing on in-depth understanding of the characteristics and work patterns of CY7C68013A chip and SAA7113H digital video output format, the design provides collecting system schematic, PCB, etc., and introduces in detail the major implementations for firmware program, firmware download drivers and PC program.
Final debugging of hardware and software systems for the design is completed. It is proved that both hardware and software systems can work collaboratively
引文
[1]薛凯娟.基于USB总线和DSP的图像采集处理系统[J].山西科技,2007.2：52-53.[2]贺永波.基于USB2.0的高速图像采集系统设计[D].华中科技大学,2006.
[3]维视图像MV-750高精度图像采集卡[EB].维视图像,http：//www.microvision.com.cn/
car/mv-750.html
offerdetail-636560.aspx[5]马宏锋,党建武,王宏斌.基于SOPC的列车环境异物入侵监测系统研究[J].电子设计
[4]MINE VCap2860 USB 采集盒麦恩科技, http://www.yuancailiao.net/trade/工程,2010.08：42-44.
[6]夏泽飞.基于OV7640的高速数字图像采集系统的设计[D].武汉理工大学,2007.[7]张莉,李敬文,陈永禄.基于FPGA和USB的图像采集系统设计与实现[J].计算机与信
息技术,2008.08：43-45.
[8]汪文革.几种典型图像采集和处理系统设计与效率分析[J].计算机应[10]刘好朋.基于USB接口的DSP数据采集卡[D].西南交通大学,2005.
[11]马春龙.基于USB2.0的高分辨率数字图像传输系统的研究[D].东北大学,2007.用,2008.S1:175-179.
[9]Compaq,Hewlett-Packard,Intel et al. Universal Serial Bus Specification[EB/OL] http:/www.perisoft.net/engineer/usb_20.pdf,2000.5.
[12]程玉龙.采用USB2.0接口的图像采集系统设计[D].重庆大学,2007.
[13]吕炎军.基于FPGA和USB2.0视频图像采集及处理平台设计[D].西南交通大学,2007.
[14]胡晟.超高像素CCD图像采集系统的研究与设计[D].浙江大学,2006.
/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.656-5-200712-I!!PDF-E.pdf,2007.12.
[17]王伟.基于USB2.0的高速数据采集与传输系统的研究[D].吉林大学,2007
[15]ITU. Recommendation ITU-R BT.656-5[EB/OL]. http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r[18]王涛.基于USB2.0和FPGA的高速图像采集系统[J].中国科技论文在线,
[16]EZ-USB FX2 Manual Technical Reference[EB]. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2001. http://www.cypress.com/?docID=27092.
http：//www.paper.end.cn,2006
[19]钱峰.EZ-USB FX2单片机原理、编程及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[21]张晓健.视频解码芯片SAA7113的初始化与控制[J].电子设计应用,2003.08：84-85.
[20]SAA7113H 9-bit Video Input Processor Data Sheet[EB/OL].1999, http://www.2licsearch.com/download.shtml?id=02CFFE222F07FDC5,1999.7.
[22]吕晔,周洪强EZ-USB FX2的数据采集和传输系统设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2009/05：57-59.
[23]林愿,吴淑泉,冼志妙.USB2.0控制器CY7C68013的接口设计实现[J].国外电子元器件,2004.12：13-16.
[24]王立萍,李传军.基于USB的嵌入式CCD图像数据采集系统的实现[J].电子技术应用,2007.04：82-84.
[25]田宇,付少锋,田玉敏.基于USB2.0的高速数据采集系统软件设计[J].微计算机信息,2009.16：105-311.
[26]赵福昌.基于CPLD和USB高速图像采集和传输系统设计[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2005.S
[27]吕涛,李众立.基于USB接口的图像采集[J].兵工自动化,2005.04：61-64.
[28]廖良斌.基于DSP和USB的图像采集系统的研究[D].武汉理工大学,2005.
[29]刘青丽.基于USB2.0接口技术的数据采集系统的设计与实现[D].西南交通大学,2004.
[30]Adding Security to Removable Mass Storage[EB]. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, http://www.cypress.com/?docID=9161
[31]童天爵.PC机高速接口技术研究及其软件实现[D].北京理工大学,2004.
[32]胡胜.带USB接口PIC16C765单片机的设计[D].北京理工大学,2004.
[33]巫锴.基于USB接口的图像采集系统设计[D].重庆大学,2005
[34]徐廷生,唐波,闵玲.基于USB接口的VSAT基带数据采集系统的设计[J].电子工程师,2006.05：12-17.
[35]刘兆年,史小军,朱为.基于FX2LP的USB2.0接口模块设计[J].中国科技论文在线,2006.03：228-231.
[36]Cypress CyUsb.sys Programmer's Reference[EB]. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, http://www.cypress.com/?docID=26658
[3]维视图像MV-750高精度图像采集卡[EB].维视图像,http：//www.microvision.com.cn/
car/mv-750.html
offerdetail-636560.aspx[5]马宏锋,党建武,王宏斌.基于SOPC的列车环境异物入侵监测系统研究[J].电子设计
[4]MINE VCap2860 USB 采集盒麦恩科技, http://www.yuancailiao.net/trade/工程,2010.08：42-44.
[6]夏泽飞.基于OV7640的高速数字图像采集系统的设计[D].武汉理工大学,2007.[7]张莉,李敬文,陈永禄.基于FPGA和USB的图像采集系统设计与实现[J].计算机与信
息技术,2008.08：43-45.
[8]汪文革.几种典型图像采集和处理系统设计与效率分析[J].计算机应[10]刘好朋.基于USB接口的DSP数据采集卡[D].西南交通大学,2005.
[11]马春龙.基于USB2.0的高分辨率数字图像传输系统的研究[D].东北大学,2007.用,2008.S1:175-179.
[9]Compaq,Hewlett-Packard,Intel et al. Universal Serial Bus Specification[EB/OL] http:/www.perisoft.net/engineer/usb_20.pdf,2000.5.
[12]程玉龙.采用USB2.0接口的图像采集系统设计[D].重庆大学,2007.
[13]吕炎军.基于FPGA和USB2.0视频图像采集及处理平台设计[D].西南交通大学,2007.
[14]胡晟.超高像素CCD图像采集系统的研究与设计[D].浙江大学,2006.
/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.656-5-200712-I!!PDF-E.pdf,2007.12.
[17]王伟.基于USB2.0的高速数据采集与传输系统的研究[D].吉林大学,2007
[15]ITU. Recommendation ITU-R BT.656-5[EB/OL]. http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r[18]王涛.基于USB2.0和FPGA的高速图像采集系统[J].中国科技论文在线,
[16]EZ-USB FX2 Manual Technical Reference[EB]. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2001. http://www.cypress.com/?docID=27092.
http：//www.paper.end.cn,2006
[19]钱峰.EZ-USB FX2单片机原理、编程及应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[21]张晓健.视频解码芯片SAA7113的初始化与控制[J].电子设计应用,2003.08：84-85.
[20]SAA7113H 9-bit Video Input Processor Data Sheet[EB/OL].1999, http://www.2licsearch.com/download.shtml?id=02CFFE222F07FDC5,1999.7.
[22]吕晔,周洪强EZ-USB FX2的数据采集和传输系统设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2009/05：57-59.
[23]林愿,吴淑泉,冼志妙.USB2.0控制器CY7C68013的接口设计实现[J].国外电子元器件,2004.12：13-16.
[24]王立萍,李传军.基于USB的嵌入式CCD图像数据采集系统的实现[J].电子技术应用,2007.04：82-84.
[25]田宇,付少锋,田玉敏.基于USB2.0的高速数据采集系统软件设计[J].微计算机信息,2009.16：105-311.
[26]赵福昌.基于CPLD和USB高速图像采集和传输系统设计[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2005.S
[27]吕涛,李众立.基于USB接口的图像采集[J].兵工自动化,2005.04：61-64.
[28]廖良斌.基于DSP和USB的图像采集系统的研究[D].武汉理工大学,2005.
[29]刘青丽.基于USB2.0接口技术的数据采集系统的设计与实现[D].西南交通大学,2004.
[30]Adding Security to Removable Mass Storage[EB]. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, http://www.cypress.com/?docID=9161
[31]童天爵.PC机高速接口技术研究及其软件实现[D].北京理工大学,2004.
[32]胡胜.带USB接口PIC16C765单片机的设计[D].北京理工大学,2004.
[33]巫锴.基于USB接口的图像采集系统设计[D].重庆大学,2005
[34]徐廷生,唐波,闵玲.基于USB接口的VSAT基带数据采集系统的设计[J].电子工程师,2006.05：12-17.
[35]刘兆年,史小军,朱为.基于FX2LP的USB2.0接口模块设计[J].中国科技论文在线,2006.03：228-231.
[36]Cypress CyUsb.sys Programmer's Reference[EB]. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, http://www.cypress.com/?docID=26658