城市交通管控策略对机动车排放影响的仿真研究
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摘要
随着城市化进程的加快和城市机动车保有量的快速增加,机动车污染物的排放控制和治理已经成为城市环境可持续发展亟待解决的课题之一。为了了解城市机动车排放规律,研究城市交通管理和控制策略对机动车排放的影响,本文分析和对比国外成熟的机动车排放计算模型并从中国的国情出发,选择了适合于发展中国家的机动车排放计算模型——IVE模型作为评估和计算车辆排放因子的研究工具,并在原模型的基础上根据武汉市的交通和环境情况进行了大量的调查研究和文献查索,同时利用实测排放数据和模式计算值对比获得了武汉市部分轻型车的地区修正系数,初步完成了模型的本地化研究；此外利用C语言对IVE模型重新编程和开发接口程序,使之具有更广泛的通用性和可移植性；本文还对商蕾开发的城市交通微观仿真模型进行改进,在其基础上增加了公交车运行模型、动态路径选择模型以及信号灯配时优化模型等,使模型具有更为真实的仿真能力和准确的分析能力；并将本地化的IVE排放模型与其耦合,利用该交通流仿真平台对机动车各种污染物的排放因子进行精确评估。
本文主要完成了以下工作：
1)在通过对相关单位调研、分析试验数据和查询文献资料的基础上,本文对IVE模型输入参数中的天气情况、地理情况、车辆的I/M制度、燃油情况、城市路网情况、车队组成情况进行了甄别和选择,以符合武汉市的具体情况；同时运用在线测量的车辆排放数据与IVE模型的计算数据进行对比分析,初步获得部分武汉市轻型车的地区修正系数,使IVE模型能较准确的计算和评估武汉市的机动车排放情况。
2)利用C语言重新编写IVE模型,并添加了接口程序,使之具有更好的通用性和移植性；
3)改进原有的城市交通微观仿真模型,同时将本地化的IVE模型与之耦合,并对部分参数进行了验证；
4)利用改进的城市交通微观仿真模型研究和分析多种交通管控策略,包括路段限速、信号灯控制策略、交叉口禁左、车队组成以及不同形式公交站点等对机动车排放的影响,并获得了相关的评估结果,得出了一些有益的结论。
With the development of urbanization and the holdings of vehicle largely increasing, the control and renovate the pollution from vehicle emission has become one of urgent issues of urban environment sustainable development. In order to understand the vehicle emission laws and study the impact of urban traffic management and control strategy to vehicle emission, the thesis selects the IVE model which was specifically designed for developing nations, from analysis and comparison these foreign mature vehicle emission model, as the tool of the evaluation and calculation of vehicle emission factor, and make it localization according to the traffic and environment of Wuhan city. At the same time the IVE model was reprogrammed and its interface was developed by C language for more versatile and easy to transplant. The thesis has improved the Urban Traffic Microscopic Simulation Model which developed by Dr. Shang Lei, increased bus action model, dynamic route choice model, traffic signal control optimization model and so on to make it has more realistic simulation and accurate analysis ability. Final the vehicle emission factor was calculated based on the average speed and the vehicle drive cycle which result from the simulation of the improved Urban Traffic Microscopic Simulation Model coupled with the localization IVE model.
The main contents are listed as follows:
1) Through the search of Wuhan city traffic and environmental condition, vehicle classify, I/M class, fuel characteristic and emission feature of local vehicle on field based on the investigation of relevant units, analysis of experimental data and literature inquiry the localization IVE model has been completed.
2) The IVE model has been reprogrammed and its interface has been developed by C language, the new model has been more versatile and easy to transplant.
3) The Urban Traffic Microscopic Simulation Model has been improved and been coupled with the localization IVE model; the part of parameters of the simulation model has been verified.
4) The impact to vehicle emission due to multiple traffic management and control strategies have been studied by the improved Urban Traffic Microscopic Simulation Model, which included traffic signal control strategy, dynamic route choice strategy, different fraction of vehicle technology in the entire fleet, the public traffic system and so on.
本文主要完成了以下工作：
1)在通过对相关单位调研、分析试验数据和查询文献资料的基础上,本文对IVE模型输入参数中的天气情况、地理情况、车辆的I/M制度、燃油情况、城市路网情况、车队组成情况进行了甄别和选择,以符合武汉市的具体情况；同时运用在线测量的车辆排放数据与IVE模型的计算数据进行对比分析,初步获得部分武汉市轻型车的地区修正系数,使IVE模型能较准确的计算和评估武汉市的机动车排放情况。
2)利用C语言重新编写IVE模型,并添加了接口程序,使之具有更好的通用性和移植性；
3)改进原有的城市交通微观仿真模型,同时将本地化的IVE模型与之耦合,并对部分参数进行了验证；
4)利用改进的城市交通微观仿真模型研究和分析多种交通管控策略,包括路段限速、信号灯控制策略、交叉口禁左、车队组成以及不同形式公交站点等对机动车排放的影响,并获得了相关的评估结果,得出了一些有益的结论。
With the development of urbanization and the holdings of vehicle largely increasing, the control and renovate the pollution from vehicle emission has become one of urgent issues of urban environment sustainable development. In order to understand the vehicle emission laws and study the impact of urban traffic management and control strategy to vehicle emission, the thesis selects the IVE model which was specifically designed for developing nations, from analysis and comparison these foreign mature vehicle emission model, as the tool of the evaluation and calculation of vehicle emission factor, and make it localization according to the traffic and environment of Wuhan city. At the same time the IVE model was reprogrammed and its interface was developed by C language for more versatile and easy to transplant. The thesis has improved the Urban Traffic Microscopic Simulation Model which developed by Dr. Shang Lei, increased bus action model, dynamic route choice model, traffic signal control optimization model and so on to make it has more realistic simulation and accurate analysis ability. Final the vehicle emission factor was calculated based on the average speed and the vehicle drive cycle which result from the simulation of the improved Urban Traffic Microscopic Simulation Model coupled with the localization IVE model.
The main contents are listed as follows:
1) Through the search of Wuhan city traffic and environmental condition, vehicle classify, I/M class, fuel characteristic and emission feature of local vehicle on field based on the investigation of relevant units, analysis of experimental data and literature inquiry the localization IVE model has been completed.
2) The IVE model has been reprogrammed and its interface has been developed by C language, the new model has been more versatile and easy to transplant.
3) The Urban Traffic Microscopic Simulation Model has been improved and been coupled with the localization IVE model; the part of parameters of the simulation model has been verified.
4) The impact to vehicle emission due to multiple traffic management and control strategies have been studied by the improved Urban Traffic Microscopic Simulation Model, which included traffic signal control strategy, dynamic route choice strategy, different fraction of vehicle technology in the entire fleet, the public traffic system and so on.
引文
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